å²ãçªçè«ï¼ããã¾ã©ããããè±: Broken Windows Theoryï¼ã¨ã¯ã軽微ãªç¯ç½ªãå¾¹åºçã«åãç· ã¾ããã¨ã§ãå¶æªç¯ç½ªãå«ããç¯ç½ªãææ¢ã§ããã¨ããç°å¢ç¯ç½ªå¦ä¸ã®çè«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ç¯ç½ªå¦è ã¸ã§ã¼ã¸ã»ã±ãªã³ã°ãèæ¡ãããã建ç©ã®çªãå£ãã¦ããã®ãæ¾ç½®ããã¨ã誰ã注æãæã£ã¦ããªãã¨ãã象徴ã«ãªããããã¦ä»ã®çªãã¾ããªãå ¨ã¦å£ããããã¨ã®èãæ¹ãããã®åããããç ´ãçªçè«[1]ãå£ãçªçè«[2]ãããã¼ã¯ã³ã»ã¦ã£ã³ãã¦çè«ãªã©ã¨ãããã å²ãçªçè«ã¨ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªèª¬ã§ããã æ²»å®ãæªåããã¾ã§ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªçµéããã©ãã 建ç©ã®çªãå£ãã¦ããã®ãæ¾ç½®ããã¨ããããã誰ãå½è©²å°åã«å¯¾ãé¢å¿ãæã£ã¦ããªããã¨ãããµã¤ã³ã¨ãªããç¯ç½ªãèµ·ãããããç°å¢ãä½ãåºãã ä½æ°ã®ã¢ã©ã«ãä½ä¸ãã¦ãå°åã®æ¯èãå®å ¨ç¢ºä¿ã«ååããªããªãããããããã«ç°å¢ãæªåãããã å¶æªç¯ç½ªãå«ããç¯ç½ªãå¤çºããããã«
ä»äºã«èªããæã¡ãèªå°å¿ã¨èªä¿¡ã示ãã®ã¯ã人çã§ã¨ã¦ã大åãªãã¨ã§ããããããç¹ã«ä»äºä¸ã®æåã«ããã¦ã¯ãèªåã許ã失æããå¦ã¶ãã¨ã®ã»ãããèªå°å¿ãå®ãããããã£ã¨ä¾¡å¤ãããã®ã§ãããã®ãèªå·±ã¸ã®æãããããããå¦ã³ã¨æé·ãå©ãããã£ãªã¢æåã®éµã¨ãªãã¾ãã ç±³ã»ã³ãã³ãã¢å¤§å¦ãã¸ãã¹ã¹ã¯ã¼ã«ã®Heidi Grant Halvorsonå士ãããã¼ãã¼ãã»ãã¸ãã¹ã»ã¬ãã¥ã¼ãã§èªã£ãã¨ããã«ããã¨ããã£ãªã¢ãè·æ¥ä¸ã®æåã«ããã¦ã¯ããèªå°å¿ããããã失æããå¦ãã ããééããèªåã«è¨±ãè½åãã®ã»ãããã£ã¨å¤§åãªã®ã ããã§ãã ãã¼ã¯ã¬ã¼å¤§å¦ã®Juliana Breinesæ°ã¨Serena Chenæ°ã«ããæè¿ã®ç 究ãããã®ä»ã®ç 究ææãããèªå°å¿ãããããèªå·±ã¸ã®æããããããããããªãã®æ¬å½ã®ããã³ã·ã£ã«ãéè±ãããéµã§ãããã¨ã示åãã¦ãã¾ãã ãèªå·±ã¸ã®æããããã¨èãã¨çãã²ãã
å¦ç¿æ§ç¡åæï¼ãããã ããããããããããè±: Learned helplessness[1]ï¼ã¨ã¯ãé·æã«ããã£ã¦ã¹ãã¬ã¹ã®åé¿å°é£ãªç°å¢ã«ç½®ããã人ãåç©ã¯ããã®ç¶æ³ããéãããã¨ããåªåããè¡ããªããªãã¨ããç¾è±¡ã§ãããä»ã®è¨³èªã«å¦ç¿æ§çµ¶ææ[2]ãç²å¾ãããç¡åæ[3]ãå¦ç¿æ§ç¡æ°å[4]ãããã ãªãç½°ãããã®ãåãããªãï¼ã¤ã¾ãééä¼´çãªï¼åºæ¿ãä¸ããããç°å¢ã«ãã£ã¦ããä½ããã£ã¦ãç¡é§ã ãã¨ããèªç¥ãå½¢æããå ´åã«ãå¦ç¿ã«åºã¥ãç¡åæãçããããã¯ãã¤ç ã«é¡ä¼¼ããçç¶ãåãã[5]ã1967å¹´ã«ãã¼ãã£ã³ã»ã»ãªã°ãã³ãã®ãªãã©ã³ãæ¡ä»¶ã¥ãã«ããåç©å®é¨ã§ã®è¦³å¯ã«åºã¥ãã¦æå±ãã[5]ã1980年代ã«ã¯ãã¤ç ã®ç¡åæã¢ãã«ãå½¢æãã[6]ã å¿çå¦è ã®ãã¼ãã£ã³ã»ã»ãªã°ãã³ãã1960年代ã«ãªãã£ã¼ãã»ã½ãã¢ã³ã®å ã§å¦ççæ´»ããã¦ããææã«æãã¤ãããã以æ¥10å¹´éè¿ãã®ç 究ã
ã©ã³ãã³ã°
ã©ã³ãã³ã°
ã©ã³ãã³ã°
ãªãªã¼ã¹ãé害æ å ±ãªã©ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ã®ãç¥ãã
ææ°ã®äººæ°ã¨ã³ããªã¼ã®é ä¿¡
å¦çãå®è¡ä¸ã§ã
j次ã®ããã¯ãã¼ã¯
kåã®ããã¯ãã¼ã¯
lãã¨ã§èªã
eã³ã¡ã³ãä¸è¦§ãéã
oãã¼ã¸ãéã
{{#tags}}- {{label}}
{{/tags}}