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    Anatomy 3 (Gross Muscle)

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    Motasifa Fx
    This document provides an overview of the anatomy lecture on myology, which is the study of muscles. The lecture objectives are to explain what myology is, classify muscle types and functions, and discuss the use of myology in life and medicine. Key points covered include the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of muscles, their development and functions in the body, and classifications of muscle tissues and fibers. The lecture also details muscle organization at both the gross and micro levels.

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    Anatomy 3 (Gross Muscle)

    Uploaded by

    Motasifa Fx
    10 views37 pages
    This document provides an overview of the anatomy lecture on myology, which is the study of muscles. The lecture objectives are to explain what myology is, classify muscle types and functions, and discuss the use of myology in life and medicine. Key points covered include the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of muscles, their development and functions in the body, and classifications of muscle tissues and fibers. The lecture also details muscle organization at both the gross and micro levels.

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    Anatomy 3(Gross Muscle)

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    This document provides an overview of the anatomy lecture on myology, which is the study of muscles. The lecture objectives are to explain what myology is, classify muscle types and functions, and discuss the use of myology in life and medicine. Key points covered include the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of muscles, their development and functions in the body, and classifications of muscle tissues and fibers. The lecture also details muscle organization at both the gross and micro levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    10 views37 pages

    Anatomy 3 (Gross Muscle)

    Uploaded by

    Motasifa Fx
    This document provides an overview of the anatomy lecture on myology, which is the study of muscles. The lecture objectives are to explain what myology is, classify muscle types and functions, and discuss the use of myology in life and medicine. Key points covered include the microscopic and macroscopic appearance of muscles, their development and functions in the body, and classifications of muscle tissues and fibers. The lecture also details muscle organization at both the gross and micro levels.

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    ANATOMY

    LECTURE 3
    Myology

    Prof Kasonde Bowa


    MSc,M.Med,FRCS,FACS,FCS,DPH,MPH
    Professor of Urology

    EXECUTIVE DEAN UNILUS SMHS


    LEARNING OBJECTIVE
    • 1.To explain what Myology

    • 2.To list the classifications of Muscle and


    their functions
     
    • 3.To explain the use of Myology in life and
    in Medicine
    INTRODUCTION

    Myology- is the branch of Anatomy that


    deals with Muscles their development,
    microscopic and macroscopic appearance.
    Functions of Muscles

     Support of the body


     Protection of soft organs
     Movement due to attached skeletal
    muscles: “passive”
     Storage of minerals and fats
     Blood cell formation
    Ch 9: Skeletal Muscle Tissue
    and Organization
    main objectives:

    1) Describe the distinguishing


    characteristics of the different muscle
    tissues
    2) Discuss the organization of skeletal
    muscle
    3) Explain the micro-anatomy of a skeletal
    muscle fiber
    4) Describe the fascicle arrangement in
    different types of muscle
    Muscle tissue vs. Muscle as an
    organ

    One of the 4
    primary tissue
    types Made up of _____
    tissue types.
    How many
    subtypes? > 700 skeletal
    muscles

    Word roots:
    sarco
    mys
    Function of Skeletal Muscles
    1. Skeletal movement

    2. Posture and body position

    3. Support of soft tissues

    4. Guarding of entrances & exits

    5. Maintenance of body temperature


    Gross Anatomy

    Each skeletal muscle is wrapped by 3 concentric layers of


    connective tissue.
    Epi-, Peri-, and Endomysium
    Are interwoven - Go over into tendon
    Distinguish between:
    Tendon
    Aponeurosis
    Ligament

    Function:
    Protection
    Blood supply
    Innervation

    Fig 9-1
    Nerve and Blood Vessel
    Supply
    Skeletal muscles are rich in nerves
    and blood vessels
    Chemical communication at Synapsis
    (neuromuscular junction)
    Synaptic terminal of axon meets motor end
    plate of muscle cell
    Fig 9-2
    Coiled capillaries are able to adapt to changes
    in length of muscle fiber
    Microanatomy of Skeletal Muscle
    Fibers
    Some vocabulary:
    Skeletal muscle fiber
    or myofiber
    Sarcolemma
    Sarcoplasm
    Sarcoplasmic
    reticulum Fig 9-3
    Myofibril
    Myofilaments
    Myofilaments

    Myofiber ( 100µm) Myofibrils ( 1-2 µm) Myofilaments

    Actin & Myosin


    Sarcomeres
    Thick and Thin Filaments are organized in
    repeating functional units = ______

    Each myofibril has linear arrangement of


    ~ 10,000 sarcomers

    Banded appearance (striation) due to


    arrangement of thick and thin filaments

    Interaction of thick and thin filaments


    responsible for skeletal muscle fiber
    contraction
    Sarcomere
    Structure

    Z - line
    I - band A- band
    = LIght band = dArk band
    Thin Filament: Actin
    F-actin
    G-actin
    Thick Filament: Myosin
    Development of Myofibers from
    Myoblasts

    Some Myoblasts do not fuse satelite cells in endomysium

    regeneration of muscle
    Motor Units
    = All muscle fibers that are controlled by
    a single motor neuron
    The lower the ratio of muscle fibers to neurons,
    the more precise the movement can be!

    Few cases 1: 1 relationship. Where?


    Most cases: many muscle fibers (up to
    2,000) : 1 motor neuron. Where?
    Fig 9-12
    Muscle Control
    Muscle tone = Resting tension of skeletal muscles
    (continuous contraction of some motor units to maintain some muscle
    tension)

    Recruitment or Multiple motor unit summation


    Maximal tension production: ?
    Muscle Hypertrophy vs.
    Atrophy

    Hypertrophy due to anaerobic exercise


    Leads to increased muscle size - how?

    Atrophy if supply of myofilaments


    exceeds demand. Muscle fibers become
    smaller and weaker.

    Eventual death of muscle fibers is


    irreversible! Importance of Physical
    Therapy
    Three Types of Muscle
    Fibers
    1) Fast (or White) Fibers
    Fast contraction after nervous stimulation
    Large diameter
    large glycogen reserve
    few mitochondria
    densely packed myofibrils

    Fatigue fast due to mainly anaerobic


    respiration
    2) Slow (or Red) Fibers
    Slower but continuous contraction for
    extended periods
    Smaller diameter (~ half)
    contain myoglobin
    more capillaries
    more mitochondria

    Do not fatigue as fast due to ? Fig 9-13


    3) Intermediate Fibers
    Have attributes inbetween fast and slow
    types
    Most skeletal muscles contain mixture of
    fiber types. Proportion of fast to slow depends
    on ___________?
    One motor unit only contains one fiber type
    Eye, hand: ____ fibers dominate
    Back, calf: ____ fibers dominate
    Organization of Skeletal Muscle
    Fibers

    Effect of individual muscle contraction


    determined by:
    1. arrangement of muscle fibers
    2. way of attachment to skeletal system

    Bundles of muscle fibers =

    Muscle fibers within 1 fascicle are parallel

    4 types of fascicle organization


    Parallel Muscels
    Majority

    Spindle shaped with


    cord-like tendons

    Some flat bands with


    broad _____ on
    each end

    Examples: ?
    Convergent muscels
    Broad origin,
    pointed
    insertion
    Direction of pull
    can be varied:
    versatility!!
    Example
    Pennate Muscles: Unipennate
    One or more tendons run
    though muscle body

    Fascicles in oblique angle


    to tendon

    Can generate more


    tension

    Example
    Pennate Muscles: Bipennate &

    Multipennate

    Example
    Example
    Circular Muscles
    = Sphincters

    Concentric fibers
    adjust opening

    Examples:
    orbicularis occuli
    and oris
    Muscle Terminology
    Origin stationary
    Insertion moves

    Possible: multiple origins


    Types of Actions
     flexion, extension
     adduction, abduction
     elevation, depression
     rotation, circumduction
     pronation, supination
    etc. . . . .
    Grouping of Muscles according to
    Primary Action
    Agonist = Prime Mover
    Antagonist (action opposes agonist)
    Synergists = Assistants of prime mover
    Naming of skeletal
    Muscles
    Orientation of fibers
    Size & shape
    Location
    Action
    Origin & / or insertion
    Specific features
    Use muscle name to help identify its location,
    appearance and function!
    Conclusion
    • Osteology Study of Bones

    • Axial Skeleton & Appendicular Skeleton

    • Morphological eg Long, short, flat


    &irregular

    • Medical uses- fracture,Rickets

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