CHAPTERS 1 & 2

SOCIAL WELFARE AND

SOCIAL WORK
(third edition) Thelma Lee-Mendoza
Social Welfare, Social
Services and Social Work

 Used interchangeably
 Interrelated
 Particular Meaning
 Essential Common Frame of
Reference
SOCIAL
WELFARE?
SOCIAL WELFARE
 Covers practically everything that
men do for the good of the society
 The organized system of social
services and institutions designed
to aid individuals and groups to
attain satisfying standards of life
and health – Walter Friedlander
 Encompasses the well being of all
members of human society
including their physical, mental,
emotional, social, economic and
spiritual well being.
 Address unmet needs
2
Views of
Social
Welfare???
2 Views of Social Welfare

RESIDUAL
 Offered during emergency situations
and withdrawn when the regular social
system is again working properly
(“doles” or “charity”)

INSTITUTIONAL
 Proper, legitimate function of a
modern society
 Individuals not able to meet their
needs is a normal condition
SOCIAL WELFARE
PROGRAM
CATEGORIES????
SOCIAL WELFARE
PROGRAM CATEGORIES
SOCIAL SECURITY
 Compulsory Measures instituted to
protect the individual (e.g. social
insurance)
PERSONAL SOCIAl SERVICES
 Major bearing upon personal
problems, stress, need (e.g.
counselling, therapy, rehabilitation)
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
 Provision of material/concrete
aids,supports (e.g,loss to
disasters)
SOCIAL
SERVICES??
SOCIAL SERVICES
 refers to the programs,
services and other activities
provided under various
auspices, to correctly
answer the needs and
problems of the members of
society
 Social welfare would be a
meaningless term unless
there are concrete
demonstrations of its
concern for the well-being of
human society
Goals of Social
Service???
Goals of Social Service

Humanitarian & Social Justice Goal

Right and just for a man to help man
Social Control Goal
Prevent unrest
Economic Development Goal
Increase productivity
SOCIAL WORK?
SOCIAL WORK
 Profession which is concerned with
man’s adjustment to his environment
 All social worker efforts are therefore
focused on either helping a person
adjust to or cope with his environment
or modifying or changing his/her
environment.
 Helps in people’s role, function, unmet
needs
 Not acts of charity or
philantrophy
Pre-Historic Period
DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL
WELFARE - PHILIPPINES
Pre-Historic Period
 Social Units called barangays

 Social Welfare Work centered

around mutual protection and
economic survival
Spanish Period
 The motive was religious, to do
good to others for the salvation of
their souls
 Hospitals, Asylum and
Orphanges,Schools
Spanish Period
THE AMERICAN PERIOD

 Civil government created agency –

Insular Board
 February 5, 1915, the American
government created the Public
Welfare Board , coordinate the
welfare activities of various existing
charitable institutions
 Significant Developments in Social
Welfare – Legislations, Government
Support, Private Civic Organizations
THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
 Filipinos taking over the reins of
government
 Department of Health and Public
Welfare – Bureau of Public
Welfare

THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

Social Welfare activities during the
period consisted mainly of giving
medical care and treatment, as well
as food and clothing, to the wounded
soldiers, prisoners and civilians.
THE POST-WAR YEARS
 Bureau of Public Welfare re-
opened, lack of funds limited its
operations
 The Bureau became Social
Welfare Commission placed
under the Office of the President
– recognition of social welfare as
a responsibility by the state.
 Creation of PACSA on 1948 –
President’s Action Committee on
Social Amelioration
THE SOCIAL WELFARE
ADMINISTRATION
 On January 23. 1951, Social Welfare
Commission and the President’s
Action Committee on Social
Amelioration were fused into one
agency called Social Welfare
administration
 Divison of Public Assistance –
Professional Administration of public-
tax supported welfare programs and
services which was taken care of the
Associated Charities before World
War II – Assistance and Service
Child Welfare Division
 Casework and guidance sevices, case
study of anti-social or delinquent
children, child protection

Division of Rural Welfare

 Deal with the mounting social
problems in the rural areas
 “Self-Help” became the underlying
philosophy
Important Development in the
mid sixties

 Passage of Republic Act 4373 in

1965 - An Act to regulate the
practice of Social Work and the
Operation of Social Work Agencies
in the Philippine
 RA 4373 – Formal Recognition of
Social Work as a profession
 In 1968, Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos
signed RA 5416 known as the
Social Welfare Act , elevating the
SWA into a Department
The SEVENTIES
On September 8, 1976, The
Department of Social Welfare became
the Department of Social Services and
Development shifting emphasis from
the traditional, often institution-based
social welfare to community-oriented
programs and services which
understood people’s capacity for
problem solving.
Prioritize the needs of the bottom 30%
of the country’s population, baranganic
approach
From a Department to Ministry –
parliamentary form of government
EIGHTEES
 Ministry of Social Services and
Development’s banner program
– Self Employment Assistance
Kaunlaran, was upgraded to
make it more responsive to its
clients’ needs.
 January 30, 1987 – President
Corazon C. Aquino signed E.O.
No, 123 reorganizing MSSD
renaming it the Department of
Social Welfare and Development
evolving from a mere welfare or
relief agency to the greater task
of development
THE NINETIES/EARLY 2008
 DSWD- Priority Attention to Low
Income Municipalities
 Disaster Management
Involvement
 R.A. 7160 – DSWD have to shift
gears to devolution - realignment
DSWD

VISION
The Department of Social Welfare
and Development envisions all
Filipinos free from hunger and
poverty, have equal access to
opportunities, enabled by a fair,
just, and peaceful society.
DSWD

MISSION
To lead in the formulation,
implementation, and coordination
of social welfare and development
policies and programs for and with
the poor, vulnerable, and
disadvantaged.
NGO
 With scarce resources, NGOs
supplement government efforts
especially for the poor and
disadvantaged sectors of the
society
 Private efforts preceded
government efforts in social
welfare
 NEDA defines NGOs as private,
non-profit, voluntary organization
that are committed to the task of
socio-economic development and
established primarily for service.
Social Welfare Efforts emanate
from a Constitutional Mandate
expressed in various laws

 Children e.g. – RA 8043 “Inter

Country Adoption Act, RA 9344
“Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act”
 Women – RA 9208 “Anti-Trafficking
in Persons Act”, RA 9262 – “Anti-
Violence Against Women and their
Children”
 Older Persons – RA 9257
“Expanded Senior Citizen’s Act”
The Development of Social
Work Profession in the
Philippines
 Associated Charities founded in
1917 is considered the mother of
the social work profession – first
to use case work, first to hire
trained social workers.
 Late 1930’s, the agency employed
college graduates as home visitors
who were provided with in- service
training
 Non-Degree Social work Courses
in U.P.
The Development of Social
Work Profession in the
Philippines
 The idea of social work as a professional
career – several more Filipino Women
went to the U.S. to pursue academic
training in social work.
 Sudden increase in the number of
untrained people in social work function
after WW II caused the sought of
assistance to UN
 1950 – Philippine School of Social Work
was established – One Year Master of
Arts in Social Administration
 Number of people going to social work
in the government services increased,
CSC was mandated to give qualifying
examinations in 1956.
 Not enough jobs, incentives that would
attract social welfare graduates.
 Big boost, UNICEF Assisted Social
Sevices Project of SWA in 1961 resulted
into salary upgrade
 RA 4373
 PASWI – Philippine Association of Social
Workers
 NASWEI – National Association for
Social Work Education, Inc.
Social Protection
Framework
Traditionally, social protection has been used
in the European welfare and other parts of the
developed world to maintain a certain living
standard, and address transient poverty.

However, modern social protection has grown

to envelop a much broader range of issues
and purposes; it is now being used as a policy
approach in developing nations, to address
issues of persistent poverty and target
structural causes. Moreover, it is designed to
lift recipients out of poverty, rather than
exclusively providing passive protection
against contingencies 
Social Protection
Framework
 as defined by the  United Nations
Research Institute For Social
Development, is concerned with preventing,
managing, and overcoming situations that
adversely affect people’s  well-being.
 consists of policies and programs designed
to reduce poverty and vulnerability by
promoting efficient labor markets ;
diminishing people's exposure to risks, and
enhancing their capacity to manage
economic and social risks, such as
unemployment, exclusion, sickness, 
disability and old age.
Social Protection
Framework
 as defined by the  United Nations
Research Institute For Social
Development, is concerned with preventing,
managing, and overcoming situations that
adversely affect people’s  well-being.
 consists of policies and programs designed
to reduce poverty and vulnerability by
promoting efficient labor markets ;
diminishing people's exposure to risks, and
enhancing their capacity to manage
economic and social risks, such as
unemployment, exclusion, sickness, 
disability and old age.
Endorsement by Approval and
the SDC • AprilAdoption
2012 by the • May 2012

Technical Board SDC CabinetProcess

Level of
Formulation and
Approval
SDC Resolution No. 3, Series of
2012
Official SP Framework
Labor Market Interventions
 provide protection for the poor who
are capable of gaining employment.
Passive Measures aimed at
enhancing employment
opportunities and protection of the
rights and welfare of workers.
Employment enhancing measures
include trade policies and skills
development and training. Labor
protection includes compliance with
labor standards such as minimum
wages or health and safety in the
workplace
Social insurance
 Programs that seek to mitigate income
risks by pooling resources and spreading
risks across time and classes. These are
designed in such a way that beneficiaries
pay a premium over a given period of time
to cover or protect them from loss of
income and unemployment as a result of
illness, injury, disability, retrenchment,
harvest failure, maternity, old age, etc. This
component includes micro- and area-based
schemes to address vulnerability at the
community level
Social Welfare
Preventive and developmental interventions
that seek to support the minimum basic
requirements of the poor, particularly the
poorest of the poor, and reduce risks
associated with unemployment, resettlement,
marginalization, illness, disability, old age and
loss of family care. Social welfare and
assistance programs usually comprise direct
assistance in the form of cash or in-kind
transfers to the poorest and marginalized
groups, as well as social services including
family and community support, alternative
care and referral services.
Social Safety Nets

Stop-gap mechanisms or urgent

responses that address effects of
economic shocks, disasters and
calamities on specific vulnerable
groups. These are measures that
specifically target affected groups with
specific objective of providing relief
and transition. Measures include
emergency assistance, price
subsidies, food programs, employment
programs, retraining programs and
emergency loans.
Answer the following
Questions – Due on
September 7, 2020

1. Write a two paragraph essay

on each of the following :
a.There will always be people, at all times,
everywhere, with needs and problems
beyond their own capacity for solution.

b. If people’s basic needs are met, they will

have no use for social services .
2. Explain NEED from a
PROBLEM.

3. Explain in your own words:

Social Welfare, Social Services ,
Social Work , Social Protection,
Social Functioning
MCQ

 1. Covers practically everything

that men do for the good of the
society
a. Social Welfare
b. Social Work
c. Social Services

d. None of the Above

MCQ

2. Profession which is concerned

with man’s adjustment to his
environment
a. Social Welfare
b. Social Work
c. Social Services

d. None of the Above

MCQ

3. Social Welfare will be a

meaningless term without it, a
concrete demonstration of its
concern
a. Social Welfare
b. Social Work

c. Social Services
d. None of the Above
MCQ

4. Social welfare work during this

period is centered around mutual
protection and economic survival
a. Pre-Historic period
b. Seventies
c. Spanish Period

d. American Period
MCQ

5. The period when the motive

was religious, to do good to others
for the salvation of their souls
a. Pre-Historic period
b. Seventies
c. Spanish Period

d. American Period
MCQ

6. The period when there was

significant developments in social
welfare
a. Pre-Historic period
b. Seventies
c. Spanish Period

d. American Period
MCQ

7. During the Post-War Years, on

January 3, 1951, the Social
Welfare Commission and the
President’s Action Committee on
Social Amelioration were fused
into one agency
a. DSWD

b. Social Welfare Agency

c. Social Welfare Administration

d. Social Welfare Department

MCQ

8. The period when Department

of Social Welfare became the
Department of Social Services
and Development
a. Pre-Historic period
b. Seventies

c. Spanish Period
d. American Period
MCQ
9. What year was the passage of
Republic Act 4373, “An Act to
Regulate the Practice of Social
Work Agencies in the Philippines”,
the formal recognition of social
work as a profession
a. 1967

b. 1965
c. 1972

d. 1966
MCQ

10. During the early nineties, the

DSWD continued five program
areas. However, it give priority
attention to:?
a. Low Income Municipalities
b. 30% of the bottom population

c. Self-employment Assistance
Kaunlaran
d. Direct Service
MCQ
11. A private, non-profit, voluntary
organizations that are committed
to the task of socioeconomic
development and established
primarily for service
a. Private Service Organizations

b. Social Welfare Organizations

c. Non-Government
Organizations
d. Social Welfare Organization
MCQ
12. The national organization for
professional social workers in the
country
a. Philippine Association of Social
Workers
b. Social Workers Association of
the Philippines
c. Philippine Association of Social
Workers, Inc.
d. Social Welfare Organization
MCQ
13. A Family Welfare Agency
which is generally considered as
the “mother” of the social work
profession in the Philippines
a. The Associated Charities
b. Catholic Women’s League

c. National Federation of
Women’s Club
d. PACSA – President’s Action
Committee on Social
Amelioration
MCQ
14. The Executive Secretary of
the Family Welfare Agency which
was considered as the “mother” of
the social work profession in the
Philippines
a. Virginia Abellera

b. Juana Santos Silverio

c. Asuncion A. Perez

d. Josefa Jara Matinez

MCQ
15. Social Legislation for Women

a. R.A. 9262 – Anti-VAWC Act

2004
b. R.A. 344 – Accessibility Law
c. R.A. 8972 – Solo Parents
Welfare Act
d. R.A. 8425 – Social Reform and
Poverty Alleviation Act
MCQ
16. Social Legislation for Family

a. R.A. 9262 – Anti-VAWC Act

2004
b. R.A. 344 – Accessibility Law
c. R.A. 8972 – Solo Parents
Welfare Act
d. R.A. 8425 – Social Reform and
Poverty Alleviation Act
MCQ
17. The Department of Social
Welfare and Development
envisions all Filipinos
a. free from hunger and poverty
b. Equal access to opportunities
c. enabled by a fair, just, and
peaceful society
d. All of the above
MCQ
18. It is used to maintain a certain
living standard, and address
transient poverty;.it is designed to
lift recipients out of poverty, rather
than exclusively providing passive
protection against contingencies 
a. Social Protection Framework

b. Social Legislation
c. Social Justice

d. All of the above

MCQ
19. The Core Program Responses
of the Social Protection
Framework
a. Social Insurance
b. Social Safety Nets
c. Social Welfare

d. All of the above

MCQ
20. The ultimate “goal” of the
Social Protection Framework
a. Reduced Poverty
b. Reduced Vulnerability
c. Free from hunger

d. Better and Improved Quality of

Life