Exercise 5: Writing an informal letter/email

In this article, you will discover how to write an almost perfect informal email that impresses the
examiner and gets you the highest band (even full marks if you take it seriously and practice well). By
the end of this article, you will have an in-depth knowledge of writing an informal email for exercise 5
of the Reading and Writing paper of the IGCSE English as a Second Language (ESL) exam
(0510/0511/0991/0993). This guide is suitable for the current syllabus the new syllabus (2024-2026).

It’s also worth noting that reading this article alone won’t guarantee you an A*; applying it will. So, are
you ready? Let’s dive in!

First, you need to be familiar with the components of an informal email. Each component will then be
discussed in detail. An informal letter is always made up of:

1. Salutation or greeting (Dear/Hey/Hi and your friend’s first name only followed by a comma),
for example, “Dear Ben,”
2. Introduction
3. Body
4. Conclusion
5. Signature (Love/With love /Lots of love/Best/Regards/Best regards/Your friend/Cheers
followed by a comma and your first name on the next line), for example,

With love,
Ali
Introduction

The purpose of the introduction is to:

1. Address your friend, the recipient of the email, in an informal style.

2. Personalize the email.
3. Tell your friend why you’re writing this letter (this will be mentioned in the question).
Sometimes, you need a transition to start the reason why you’re writing this letter. Normally,
the word used is “anyway” or “anyhow”. And please avoid writing the cliché “I’m writing this
email/letter to…” as it’s obvious you are writing one!

Addressing your friend and personalizing the email can often be combined, for example,
“Congratulations on winning the national Swimming competition! I knew you could do it!”. This
introduction addresses your friend and shows the examiner that you know your friend well (you know
that he/she entered a swimming competition and won).

Always remember that you should keep the introduction short and create an interest in the
topic while maintaining a chatty style. Ideally, the reader should be eager to read the rest of your
letter.

Here are some examples of effective introductions.

 Congratulations on your award! So sorry I couldn’t write to you earlier; it’s been a hectic week
over here. You won’t believe/imagine what happened yesterday! Prepare to have your jaw drop!
 I’m sorry I haven’t written for so long, but I’ve been busy settling into my new house. Hope
you’ve got over the flu. Anyway, I thought I’d drop you a line to let you know …
 How’re things? It’s been ages since we last talked! I thought I’d share with you a once-in-a-
lifetime experience I had yesterday. Trust me, you’re going to be amazed!
 How’re you? I’m sorry I’ve been a little on the quiet side—you know how hectic life gets
sometimes. Anyhow, …
 I’m sorry I haven’t written (for ages/since we last met/for a long time), but I’ve been busy
studying and haven’t had the time. Guess what! …
 It was lovely to hear from you last week. Hope you’re feeling better after your injury. I can’t
wait to tell you … // I’m dying to tell you …
 It was good to hear from you. I’m glad you finally got your driving license! How about taking
me for a ride next Friday? Anyways, …
 I’m glad you convinced Aunt Sara to get you the new iPhone you wanted! How is it going so
far? Anyway, buckle up because you’re in for some gripping news!
 I haven’t heard from you in a bit. Things (are/have been) (okay/uneventful/super busy/pretty
stressful/pretty exciting/up and down) on (my/this end). As you probably know, …
 Just read your email and I’m terribly sorry to hear of the loss of your pet cat Luna; she was very
special. So, I thought I might drop you a line to cheer you up a bit.
 How’ve you been? We should get together soon to catch up on all the news. In the meantime, I
have an interesting story to tell you.
 I’ve been meaning to write since your graduation day, but what with one thing or another I’m
afraid I just haven’t had the time. Anyway, you’ll never believe/guess …
 I hope you’re doing well. Sorry for not replying sooner—I have been busy as a bee preparing
for my exams. I know this may sound unbelievable but …

You’ll find many more examples on the samples page; however, try to be creative and original in your
thoughts and don’t limit yourself to the examples suggested.

Body

The following guidelines should be considered when writing the body of an informal email.

 Read the bullet points CAREFULLY. Take care of the tense (Are they past events or future
events?). Some bullet points will have 2 parts. You should cover both.
 Draft a plan for your letter in the blank space below the question using a pencil. Write briefly
and in bullet points. Jot down any ideas you get for each bullet point and any interesting
vocabulary or expressions suitable for the task that came to your mind. Spend no more than 5
minutes on the plan.
 You may use the pictures in the question, but you will gain more marks if you use your own
ideas. Try to be imaginative so that your email will be more interesting but keep it realistic
and convincing (do not mention things that are impossible to happen in the real world).
 Write 2-3 body paragraphs. It’s best to write 3 paragraphs, each covering a bullet point in the
order given in the question. However, you can still combine bullet 1 and bullet 2 in the
2nd paragraph and write bullet 3 in the 3rd paragraph.
 Keep to the topic (don’t wander away from the main subject of the email). Remind yourself
constantly by looking again at the question.

 Develop your Content very well by:

1. Adding more details

2. Expressing your thoughts and feelings using a wide range of vocabulary, for example,

 I was surprised to see that…

 I was amazed to find that …
 I was disappointed to realize that …
 We were delighted to learn that …
 We were horrified to hear that …
 To my astonishment/delight/horror, …
3. Giving explanations where appropriate, for example, “I couldn’t pull myself together. You
know me—I always panic in emergencies.”

 Personalize your email. Personalizing creates interest in your writing and shows the examiner
that you are friends and know each other well. Personalizing phrases make the reader feel that
he/she is included in your thought as you write and that his feelings and opinions have been
considered. You should aim to use 3-4 personalizing phrases in your letter.

You can personalize by:

1. Mentioning something you know about your friend

E.g. I know you’re a nature lover, so why don’t you come along?

2. Mentioning something your friend knows about you

E.g. You know me—always the adventurer!

3. Mentioning previously shared experiences where relevant

E.g. Do you remember that orphanage we visited?

4. Just including your friend in your thoughts

E.g. I wonder what you would have done.

Here are some useful personalizing phrases:

 As you probably know, …

 As you can imagine, …
 As you might have guessed, …
 Wait until you meet/see/taste …
 You’ll be glad/pleased to know that …
 You’ll really enjoy …
 I know you love football, so I’ve…
 You know how I’m afraid of being alone/you know how scared I am of heights
 You know me—I always …
 I don’t need to tell you how excited I was when…
 I wish you’d seen the look on my grandma’s face when…
 Don’t you wish you’d been there?
 I wonder what you would have done.
 I was delighted to hear that you got your driving license.
 By the way, have you heard about Karim’s car accident?

 Use time sequence phrases to organize the events of your story (if applicable). Here are some
examples:

 We’d just sat down at our desks when the fire alarm went off.
 The moment I walked into the room I noticed something strange.
 Just as we were about to catch the bus there was a deafening noise.
 As I opened the door, I heard a scream.
 I was driving at top speed when, to my horror, I noticed my brakes were not working
 When my mother and I were at the City Centre Mall last night, I happened to notice…
 Anyhow, last Friday turned out to be totally different. It all started when my brother Peter went
out to buy groceries and…
 We were waiting for the school bus this afternoon and as the bus drew up at the usual place near
the school’s main entrance, we heard a deafening noise.
 After what seemed like ages …
 Later that afternoon …
 Shortly after that …
 The minute I walked in the door…
 It wasn’t until sometime later…
 By this time …
 In the end …

Conclusion

The purpose of the conclusion is to indicate to the reader that the email is coming to a close. It
should address the recipient of the email and personalize the whole piece. And it should be very
brief.

Here are some effective examples of conclusions (some might not be suitable for every topic such as
the 1st example):

 I really wish you were there! You would have loved it! Give my regards to James and Uncle
Joe. Reply soon!
 That’s it for now. See you soon!
 Catch you soon.
 Speak soon.
 Shoot me an email soon.
 I must dash now. Update me on your trip to London!
 I’ve got to go. Write back!
 I must go now. Stay blessed!
 Don’t you wish you’d been there? Must dash to see if there is anything about it on the local
news.
 What are your plans for later this week? Let’s grab a coffee on Friday if you’re free.
 Before I close, did you see the new exhibit at Ithra? Want to check it out sometime?
 Time to stop. I have my assignment to complete; the last day of submission is tomorrow.
 Well, I must stop now. My annoying brother is banging on the door. Got to open it before he
breaks it down.
 My mum’s calling for dinner, so I’ll cut this letter short. Take care!
 I’m looking forward to seeing you soon/ hearing from you soon.
 How’re things on your end? Let me know what’s been going on with you.

Important points to keep in mind

Dos:

 Organize your letter into 4-5 paragraphs. Leave a line between paragraphs or indent the first
line of each new paragraph. Don’t do both!
 Take care of spelling, punctuation, and grammar. This is important as the examiner will
look at the accuracy of your language.
 Use informal cohesive devices and linking words. Here are some examples.

 Transition: anyway, anyhow

 Addition: and, also, plus, next, what’s more, not only that, but that’s not all, above all, and best
of all, and one of the best things …
 Contrast: but, yet, though
 Reasoning: because, so
 Other: fortunately, luckily, you know, well, by the way, you see Ben (or your friend’s first
name), etc.

 Use contractions, for example, you’re, haven’t, I’ll, etc.

 Use phrasal verbs, figurative speech, and informal expressions. The use of idioms can be
appropriate but be careful not to use too many of them as it can make your writing sound
unnatural (1-2 idioms are ok). They also need to suit the task and be used accurately. If you’re
unsure, it’s better to avoid using them completely.
 Use questions and question tags to engage with your friend, for example, “What would you
have done?”, “How does that sound?”, “What do you think?”, “That’s terrifying, isn’t it?”,
“Sounds exciting, right?”, etc.
 Use a combination of simple, compound, and complex sentences. A series of long sentences
will make your writing difficult to read, and a series of short simple sentences will make your
writing boring to read. Balance is the key.
 Use a wide range of vocabulary, including some advanced and less commonly used
ones. Don’t use common adjectives such as happy, nice, bad, sad, etc. Try to think of more
advanced and interesting alternatives such as ecstatic, pleasant, terrible, heartbroken, etc.
 Use advanced punctuation sparingly (1-3 in the whole letter), for example, colon (:),
semicolon (;) and em dash (—).
 Write in an active voice (not passive). For example, write “We had a wonderful time”, instead
of “A wonderful time was had by us”. Writing in an active voice is natural, but I mentioned it
just in case.
 Aim to complete towards the maximum word limit (approximately 160 words for the new
syllabus). Exceeding the word limit slightly (15-20 words) is fine as long as you write
accurately and complete the task within the correct time. If you exceed the word limit by any
number of words, be it even 100, no marks will be cut directly, but you increase your chances of
making more mistakes which may result in deducting marks. If you write towards the lower
limit or below, you are highly unlikely to achieve the highest band for Content as your content
is not well developed.
 Spend about 30 minutes on this exercise: the initial 5 minutes for planning and the last 2-3
minutes for checking your work for simple spelling and grammatical mistakes.

Don’ts:

 Don’t use abbreviations and slang (texting language) such as how r u, OMG, BTW, etc.
Remember: this is an international exam.
 Don’t use formal vocabulary.
 Avoid listing (firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc.). If necessary, you might use other informal
alternatives to “firstly”, such as “To start with”, “For a start”, or “For starters”, but listing is not
preferred whatsoever.
 Avoid repetition of vocabulary and beginning your sentences with the same words.
Sometimes, students write 3 or more sentences in a row starting with “The” or “I”!
 Don’t waste time writing an address or a subject. They are not necessary.

Final note

Practice a lot of past papers and get feedback on your writing. If you don’t have a teacher, reread these
notes and check for what you have done right and what you haven’t.

Good luck! Go get that A*!