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CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS

FROM THE REGIONS
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 2-3

CONTEMPORARY ART TECHNIQUES AND

PERFORMANCE PRACTICES

INTRODUCTION (What I need to know?)

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As you have explored in the previous modules, artists have their own way of expressing
art using different kinds of mediums/ materials and manner by which materials are processed
and transformed. In appreciating art paintings in lowlands and highlands whether of its
creativity and or of its efficient functions, we need our senses. Thus, on the process of giving
attention to it, we understand or make sense of a work of art.
So, let’s get ready. Happy learning!

(MELC) Most Essential Learning Competency

Conceptualizes contemporary art based on techniques and performance practices
in their locality.

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

a. identify the techniques and performances practices in art along with the different types of
indigenous arts;
b. distinguish the techniques and performances practices of art in lowland and highland;
c. explain the significance of performance activities of the indigenous arts.

DISCUSSIONS AND ACTIVITIES (What is It?)

CONTEMPORARY ART TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE PRACTICES

Filipinos are proven to be one of the most creative and colorful people in the world. The
types of arts that are produced in the different regions, each region has its unique specialties or
product to take pride, for example, the ‘Pahiyas” in Lucban, Quezon; the famous colorful most
decorative lanterns of San Fernando, Pampanga, and the noted wood cravings in Paete,
Laguna. They are just some evidence that Filipinos are talented, self-full and creative. People
can come up with special artworks making use of the most available local materials found in
their particular localities.

[Link]

Philippines is very rich in natural resources. We can maximize of the use of natural
resources even in creating arts. Arts express the artistic feelings towards any aspect of life.

Contemporary
[Link] artists found used bottles , hay, rice stalks, plastic straw, and
other recyclable materials useful in creating artworks. They create artworks from wood, wire,
thread, rattan, metal and even leaves. The real
2 artist sees beauty even from the peelings of
garlic and corn. They can combine red, yellow, green and different other colors.

Some regions or provinces become noted for their unique artworks like the
There are art forms which seem to be dying because the younger
generations do not seem to have an interest in leaving about
them. These are the following folk’s arts.

[Link]

Sanikulas Cookie Mold Cravings (Pampanga)

These Sanikulas Cookies are arrowroot cookies that have the image of St. Nicholas
molded on it ergo the name Sanikulas. St. Nicholas is also known as “The Healer” from
illnesses. Legend says that if you consume these cookies when you are ill, you get healed and
recover in a shorter amount of time that it would usually take.

The molds are an exceptional piece of folk’s art and a rarity. Sanikulas cookie made
would commission the carvers of these molds with one of a kind design. They would also have
the initials of the of the owner monogrammed on the molds. This is why it’s so rare and
considered a family heirloom. The molds are made of hardwood and are of different shapes and
sizes. They would have been a carved piece and a wooden presser.

”Pabalot or Pastillas Wrapper Cutting Art (Bulacan)

The wrapper was

made out the delicate
Japanese paper. The way to
make it is so delicate that
only the ones with skilled
hands and perfect control
of their motor skills can
produce the best kind. [Link]

Taka (Laguna)

The art of “Taka” or “Taka-making” is not an exclusive Pinoy art. Paper Mache and
discouraging have been around the centuries. In the Philippines, the first recorded or mention
of a created “Taka” was by a woman named Maria Bangue in the 1920’s. she has wooden molds
that were covered with strips of paper clipped in the sticky paste. She would later paint them
carefully and present as children’s toys. Due to fire, none of the original takes were saved.

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Taka making became more popular during the American colonization period when
there was an excess of news print. And because Pinoy hates wasting anything., the people of
Paete decided to create more Takas and even diversified into different animals, not just the
traditional horse.

Pagbuburda (Taal, Lumban, Laguna)

The art of embroiling is happily alive and flourishing

the towns. Although it’s mostly done by the women who are
wives of the farmers and fisherman, it is not uncommon to
see fisherman and farmers who are also carefully and
delicately embroidering floral designs during their “Off-
Season. [Link]

Singkaban or Bamboo Art

A fairy type of Philippine folk art, Singkaban is the art of shaving bamboo into artful
creations that can be used as décor for arches or the home. Skilled craftsmen create these
gregariously designed bamboo arches for fiestas, weddings, and other celebrations that involve
the entire community. Perhaps, it is our sense of “Bayanihan” that inspire their art form
ensuring that art is appreciated and is accessible to everyone in the community and their
guests.

Puni or Palm Leaf Folding (Bulacan)

Puni or Palm leaf folding was intended to create artful toys for kids. However, puni can
also be used to create woven baskets, bags and even fans. The most common presentation of
Puni art is the “Palaspas” we see every Holy Week. Because of the abundance of coconut
leaves, the Pinoys have ingeniously created toys and other items through Puni. Although fresh
coconut leaves are most commonly used., the leaves dry and crumble within the few days. It is
more common to use leaves that are dried treated and dyed for strength and colors. These
countless artworks showcase not only the creativity of Filipinos but most especially their
ingenuity.

TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES TO CONTEMPORARY ART CREATIONS

Painting

Early Filipinos painting can be in red chip (clay mixed with water) designs embellished
on the ritual pottery of the Philippines such as the acclaimed “Manunggul Jar” which is an
example of a burial jar. Philippine pottery has been a long tradition, and evidence of this
pottery-making has been found sanga-sanga, Sulu and Laurente Cave in Cagayan. Pottery
began the making of earthenware articles for domestic use as a cooking vessel and storage
container. The early pots were made by hand-molding or the use of paddle and vessel in
building the walls of pots. The pot could be embellished by either carving the paddle and vessel
in building the walls of pots. the pot could be embellished by either carving the paddle or
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wrapping it with cord and slapping it against the side to leave marks. Incised designs also
appeared in the pots in Masbate. Pottery traditions continued to develop in certain locals, such
as Burnay Unglazed Clay pottery of Vigan, the pottery traditions of Burnay is among the
pottery traditions that have been maintained, along with those of Leyte and Bohol. Further,
evidence of painting is manifested in the tattoo tradition of early Filipinos who are now referred
to as the Pintados or the “Painted People” of Visayas. Various designs referring flora and facing
with heavenly bodies decorate their bodies various colored pigmentation. Some of the most
elaborate painting done by early Filipinos that survive to the present are manifested among the
arts are architecture of the Maranao, who are well-known for the “naga Dragons” and the
“Sarimanok Craved” and painted in the beautiful Panolong of their Torongans or King’s house.
Among the early modernist painters such as Damian Domingo, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo and
others. A certain Elito Circa stood out; He is popularly known as “Amang Pintor” , who gained
recognition by using his hair to make his paint brush and reigns his painting with his blood on
the right side corner.
([Link]

Indigenous Art

The Itneg people are known for their intricate women fabrics. The ‘Binakol”, which
features designs that incorporate optical illusions woven fabrics of the “Gadang”,people usually
bright red tones. Their weaving can also be identified by beaded ornamentation. Other people
such as the Ilongo make jewelry from pearl, red horn-bill beak, plants and metals. Some
indigenous materials are also used as a medium in different kinds of artworks especially in a
painting by Elito Circa. A folk artist of pantabangan and a pioneer fro using indigenous
materials, natural raw materials including human blood. Many Filipino painters will influenced
by this and started using these materials such as extract from onion, tomato, tuba, coffee,
molasses and other materials available anywhere.

Sarimanok is the most well-known design. The figure represents a fowl wings,
feathered tail and a head decorated with ornaments of scrolled and painted motif of leaves,
spirals and feather-like forms. It usually stands on a fish and another one hangs from its beak.
The wooden figure usually perched atop a bamboo pole, stands decorative flags during
weddings and other festive occasions.

Another one is “HAGABI”, a wooden chair of Ifugao, which symbolizes his status as a
citizen in their community. It depicts the wealth and power of the own who is called
“kadanagyan”, or a person who belongs to the higher status in their society. Only the rich can
afford to own it together with a ritual after the completion of their chair. This chair is made of
narra or ipil-ipil and the original design is called “Ginulding-Gulding”, meaning like a goat-like
head. At present Hagabi may have a different shape one end which is called “Ngiwi”, is like the
head of an animal with an elongated nose and two big ears.
([Link]

Islamic arts

This kind of art has two main artistic style. One is carved-line. Woodcarving and metal working
called “Okir” , similar to the Middle Eastern Islamic Art. This style is associated with men. The
other style is geometric tapestries and is associated with women. The Tausugand Sama-Bajau
exhibit their own”Okir” on elaborate markings with a boat like imaging.

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Kut – Kut Art

This is a technique combing oriental and European art process. Very few known art pieces exist
today. The techniques were practiced by the indigenous people of Samar. Kut-Kut is an exotic
Philippine art form based on early century techniques “Sgraffito”, Encaustic and layering.

Performing Arts

Music. The early music of the Philippines featured a mixture of indigenous Islamic and
a variety of Asian sounds. Spanish settlers and Filipinos played a variety of musical
instruments, including flutes, guitar, ukulele, violin, trumps and drums. They performed songs
and dances to celebrate festive occasions.
Dance. Philippine folk dances include the “Tinikling” and “Carinosa”, In the southern
region of Mindanao, some is a popular dance showcasing the story of a prince and a princess in
the forest. Bamboo exploits every position of these clashing poles.
Architecture. The Spaniards introduced stones as a housing and building materials.
The introduction of Christianity brought European Churches and architecture which
subsequently became the center of the most towns and cities. Spanish architecture can be
found in Intramuros Manila, Vigan, Lipa Batangas, Ilo-Ilo, jaro, Zamboanga City, Bacolod and
other parts in the Philippines. In the past, the nipa hut (Bahay-Kubo) was the most common
form of housing among the native Filipinos. It is characterized by the use of simple materials
such as bamboo and coconut as the main source of wood.
([Link]

ACTIVITY 1: CONCEPT MAPPING

Directions: Copy the concept map and write in your answer sheet the different types of
indigenous arts and performing arts in the Philippines

Indigenous
arts and
performing
arts in the
Philippines

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ACTIVITY 2: MATCH ME UP!

Directions: Match Column A to Column B and write the correct letter in your answer sheet.

Column A Column B
_______ 1. Famous colourful most decorative lanterns of San, a. Binakol
Fernando, Pampanga
2. “The Healer” from illnesses. b. Sarimanok
3. The wrapper was made up of Japanese paper c. Bahay-Kubo
4. It is not an exclusive Pinoy art d. Taka(Laguna)
5. Scrolled and painted motif of leaves,spirals and feather- e. Okir
like forms
6. A wooden chair of Ifugao,symbolizes of status as a citizen f. Hagabi
in community
7. A woodcarving and metal working g. Kut-Kut
8. A technique combining Oriental and European art process. h. Pabalat/Pabalot
9. It is the most common form of housing among the native i. Pahiyas
Filipinos
10. A design that incorporate optical illusions woven fabrics j. St. Nicholas
k. Folk art

Activity 3: Share your thoughts!

Directions: Cite the traditional techniques and performance practices of the following
indigenous arts and explain how will you help to preserve it.
___________________________________________________
1. Binakol ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
[Link] __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
3. Hagabi __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
4. Okir
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
5. Kut-Kut Art

Rubrics
CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS
Organization The concept was clearly 5
and creatively conveyed
Content The content was clearly 5
discussed
Presentation The idea was clearly 5
presented based on the
work used.
Total: 15

ASSESSMENT
I. Directions: Identify what performing arts is being stated in each number, write your answers
in your answer sheet.

_____________ 1. Are arrowroot cookies that have the image of St. Nicholas
molded on it ergo the name Sanikulas.
_____________2. It became more popular during the American colonization period
when there was an excess of news print.
_____________3. An art of shaving bamboo into artful creations that can be used
as décor for arches or the home.
_____________4. Leaf folding and intended to create artful toys for kids. It can also be used to
create woven baskets, bags, and even fans and the common presentation of this art is
the Palaspas we see every Holy Week.
_____________5. They are proud people with proto Malayan features.

II. Directions: Write TRUE in your answer sheet if the statement is correct and FALSE if the
statement is incorrect.
_____ 1. Filipinos are proven to be one of the most creative and colourful people in the world.
______2. PAHIYAS is the famous colourful most decorative lanterns in San Fernando, Pampanga.
______3. Pabalot or Pastillas Wrapper Cutting Art was originated in Bulacan.
______4. TAKA-TAKA was created by a woman named Maria Bangue in the 1920’s.
______5. The most well-known design is Sarimanok where the figure represents a fowl with wings,
feathered tail and a head decorated with ornaments of scrolled and painted motif of leaves,
spirals and feather-like forms.
______6. A wooden chair of Ifugao is called HAGIBIS.
______7. “Okiro” has two main artistic style. One is carved-line. Woodcarving and metal working.
______8. Kut-Kut is not a exotic Philippine art form based on early century techniques Sgraffito.
______9. Tinikling and Carinosa are considered as a Philippine folk dance.

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______10. Bahay-Kubo is unwanted form of housing among the native Filipinos.
III. Directions: Give a short description of the following performing arts. Write your answer
in your answer sheet using the rubrics as your guide.

1. Sarimanok

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. Pahiyas

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

3. Carinosa

______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

Rubrics
Rubrics
CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS
Organization The concept was clearly and 5
creatively conveyed

Content The content was clearly 5

discussed
Presentation The idea was clearly 5
presented based on the work
used.
Total: 15

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ANSWER KEY OF ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
 Sarimanok
 Carinosa
 Tinikling
 Binakol
 Hagabi

Activity 2
1. I 6. f.
2. j 7. e
3. h 8. g
4. d 9. c
5. b 10. a Activity 3.
Answers may vary. Refer to Rubrics.

REFERENCES

Books

Sandagan, Luzviminda D, Sayseng, Ayesha H. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions ; pp.
95-101.
Online and other resources
[Link]

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DIVISION QUALITY ASSURANCE MANAGEMENT TEAM IN HUMSS

WRITER: RIZAL R. TINAZA

VALIDATORS:
DR. MARILEX A. TERCIAS DR. EUGENE M. TORALBA
DR. ALBERTO O. RABANG DR. VIRGINIA B. FREGILLANA
JEANNEROSE M. ACOSTA ZOSIMA IRENE H. FERNANDEZ
MA. JOCELYN J. SOTONG DANILO T. SIBLAG
VICTOR B. ABAN JAMELIE M. CRISPINO

CONSULTANTS:
DR. DANILO C. SISON DR. TEODORA V. NABOR
DR. CORNELIO R. AQUINO DR. JEROME S. PARAS
DR. MAYBELENE C. BAUTISTA

ANSWER KEY OF ASSESSMENT

I. II.

1. True 6. False 1. Sanikulas

2. True 7. False 2. Taka Making

3. True 8. False 3. Singkaban/Bamboo Art

4. False 9. True 4. Puni or Palm Leaf

5. True 10. False 5. Bagobo III.

Answers may vary. Refer to

Rubrics

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