CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN

This chapter is a presentation of the methodology of research and

research design, as well as the sampling of the respondents, tools for the data

collection procedure, instruments/ tools of measurement and the statistical

treatment of data.

Methodology of Research

The researcher will utilize the descriptive method of research. According

to Calderon and Gonzales (1993), descriptive studies are purposive processes of

gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating data about prevailing conditions,

practices, processes, trends and cause-effect relationships and then making

adequate and accurate interpretation about such data with or without the aid of

statistical tool. It also deals with the relationships between variables, the testing

of hypothesis, the development of generalizations, principles and theories that

have universal validity. More importantly, it is concerned with functional

relationships as in the present study.

Likewise, according to Gay (2006), descriptive research involves collection

of data, in order to test hypothesis or to answer questions concerning the current

status of the subject under investigation. It describes the nature of situation as it

exists at the time of the study and it explores the causes of phenomena.

Population and Sampling Scheme

The researcher will use multi stage random sampling scheme for the

residents of ______, which gives every member of the population the chance to

be chosen as part of the sample and simple random sampling for barangay
official and police officer as part of the population. The conclusion will be derived

from the data gathered through multi stage and simple random sampling that will

generalize the whole population. Slovin Formula will be used to calculate the

sample size of the respondents. After such, to determine how many respondents

will represent each group percentage formula will be used.

Description of the Respondents

The respondents that will be involved in this study is compose of three

(3) groups, (number of sample police) police officer assign in Police Station 7 in

Cubao, (number of sample) the residents of nine (9) barangays and (number of

sample) the barangay officials, with a total of . They will be described as to their

gender, civil status, age group, highest educational attainment, and length of

service as police officers or as barangay official, and years of residence for

residents group.

Research Instrument

The major instrument that will be used in gathering the data will be the

questionnaire. Four sets of survey instrument will be distributed to the

respondents.

Survey Questionnaire

Part I - Profile of the Respondents.

This is a researcher made instrument to gather data for the description of

the respondents of the study as presented in Chapter 3. They will be described

as to their gender, civil status, age group, highest educational attainment, and

length of service as police officers or as barangay official, and years of residence

respondents are literate, clearly motivated, and willing to participate.

Part II – Level of effectiveness of OPLAN LAMBAT SIBAT in reducing crime rate

in Cubao

This instrument is a researcher made questionnaire to assess

effectiveness of OPLAN LAMBAT SIBAT in Quezon City in reducing crime rate

as assess by the group of respondents in terms operational procedures, training

of police officer, logistics and community support.

This will answer the Sub-problem no. 1.

Part III – Degree of problems encountered on the implementation of OPLAN

LAMBAT SIBAT in reducing crime rate in Cubao

This instrument is a researcher made questionnaire to assess degree of

problems met by the respondents on the implementation of OPLAN LAMBAT

SIBAT in Quezon City in reducing crime rate as assess by the group of

respondents in terms operational procedures, training of police officer, logistics

and community support.

This will answer the Sub-problem no. 3.

Part IV – Proposed Measures to Address the Problems Encountered

This instrument is a researcher made questionnaire to address the

problems encountered in the implementation of OPLAN LAMBAT SIBAT in

Quezon City in reducing crime rate as assess by the group of respondents in

terms operational procedures, training of police officer, logistics and community

support.

This will answer the Sub-problem no. 4.

1) It is a less expensive procedure, requiring less skill to administer and

could be administered to a large number of respondents simultaneously;

2) It ensures some amount of uniformity from one measurement situation to

another because of its standardized wording, order of questions and

instructions for recording responses;

3) In completing questionnaires, respondents are confident in their anonymity

so that they will be free to express their views; and

4) It exerts less pressure on the respondents to provide immediate response.

Interview guide questions

This will be used to ask questions on the group of respondents to gather

data.

Library Research

Documentary analysis is a social research method and is an important

research tool in its own right and is an invaluable part of most schemes of

triangulation.

Validation of the Instrument

The instrument for this research study will be validated through the

following:

1) The survey questionnaire will be submitted to the thesis professor for

corrections, comments and suggestions.

2) The survey questionnaire will be sent to three (3) authorities for validation

of the content.
3) Dry-run validity will be administered. The researcher will conduct the pre-

test of the questionnaires by administering the instruments to the selected

group of respondents to determine the administrability, appropriateness of

language used, clarity of items, right direction and constructions. The

respondents of the dry-run validity will not be included in the final selection

of the respondents.

Data gathering procedure

The following procedures will be undertaken in gathering data after the

validation of the instrument:

1) Submit a letter of request to the district director of QCPD thru the station

commander of PS 7.

2) Interview residents and barangay officials as well as police officers on

their insights on OPLAN LAMBAT SIBAT.

3) Distribute the questionnaires to respondents personally;

4) Collect the answered instrument;

5) Scan, sort and tally the responses;

6) Tabulate and compute the data that will be gathered with the assistance of

the statistician, adviser and thesis professor;

7) Analyze and interpret the data; and

8) Present the data in textual and tabular presentation with due consideration

of the sub-problems and hypothesis of the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical procedures will be used to attain an in-depth

analysis of data:
1. Slovins Formula. This was utilized to determine the number of respondents.

n=

Where:

n – Sample size

N – Total population

E – margin of error (0.05)

2. Percentage. This will be used to calculate the number of respondents per

group.

Percentage: % = _f_ x 100

Where:

f= the frequency

n= the sample size

3. Weighted Mean. This was used to compute the level of effectiveness and

degree of problems encountered by the respondents. This will be computed

using this formula;

Weighted Mean: X = ∑x

Where:
X= the arithmetic mean

x= the variable

n= the number of elements

4. For the significant differences on the assessment of the respondents, the Chi-

Square statistic will be used. Below is the formula for chi-square test:

∑ (fo-fe)²
ײ = -------------
Fe
Where:

ײ - Chi-square value

∑ - summation sign

fo - observed frequency

fe - expected frequency