Bohr Model of H-Atom

BOHR MODEL OF H-

ATOM

Presented by : Jignasha patel

Bohr's Theory of Hydrogen Atom
 Niels Bohr suggested that the problem about

hydrogen spectrum can be solved if we can make
some assumptions.
 According to classical theory, the frequency of
the electromagnetic waves emitted by a revolving
electron is equal to the frequency of revolution.
 As the electrons radiate energy, their angular
velocities would change continuously and they
would emit a continuous spectrum against line
spectrum actually observed.
 So, Bohr concluded that even if electromagnetic
theory successfully explained the macroscopic
phenomenon, it could not be applied to explain
microscopic phenomenon, that in atomic scale.
So he made bold suggestions called as Bohr's
postulates.
Postulates of Bohr atomic model
(1) Electrons revolve round the nucleus with

definite velocities in concentric circular orbits
situated at definite distances from the nucleus.
The energy of an electron in a certain orbit
remains constant. As long as it remains in that
orbit, it neither emits nor absorb energy. These
are termed stationary states or main energy
states.
(2) Electrons revolved only in certain non-radiating
orbits called stationery orbits for which the total
orbital angular momentum is an integral multiple of
h/2π. where h is plank's constant.
 L is the Angular momentum of the revolving
electrons.
 Thus, we have the relationship mvr = nh/2π.
Where, m is the mass of electron,
v is the velocity of electron of said orbit,
r is the radius of that orbit,
n is a simple integer.
(3) Radiation occurs when an electron jumps from
one permitted orbit to another. It is emitted
when electron jumps from higher orbit to a lower
orbit
 i.e., E2 - E1 = hf, where f is frequency of
radiation.
Derivation of Radius
 Radius of nth orbit :

 According to Bohr model, The electron is held in
a circular orbit by electrostatic attraction.
The centripetal force is equal to the Coulomb
force.
 Lets take,
atomic number of atom = Z
charge on electron = e
charge on nucleus = Ze
radius of orbit = r2
2
 The electrostatic force of attraction = 1 Ze ...(1)
4 0 r 2
Where 0 = permitivity of free space
mv 2
 The centripetal force = …..(2)
r
 Since both forces balanced each other, hence from eq.
(1) & (2)
1 Ze2 mv 2
4 0 r 2
= ……..(3)
r
 From Bohr postulate
2 2
n h
m2v 2 r 2  ……(4)
4 2
 Substitute the value of v2 from eq. (3)
2 2 2
ze n h
mr 
2 2

4 0 mr 4 2
ze 2 mr n2h2

0 
n 2 h 2 0
r ……(5)
Z e2 m
 For Hydrogen atom Z = 1
n2 h2 0
r 
 e2 m
 Therefore r α n2 , so radius increase with increase

the value of n.
 If the value of n is constant, r α 1/Z
 Hence radius of a particular orbit decrease with
increasing the atomic number.
 On substituting the value h = 6.6x10-34 J-sec
n=1
Ɛ = 8.85 x 10-12 c2/Nm2
m = 9.1 x 10-31kg
e = 1.6 x 10-19c
we get
r = 5.29 x 10-11m
Therefore, r = 0.529 Ȧ
 This is called the Bohr radius.
Calculation of the velocity
of the e- in Bohr orbit
 From Bohr postulate
nh
v
2 mr
nh  Ze 2 m
v
2 m n 2 h 2 0
Ze 2
v
2nh 0
 Substituting all the values we get v = 2.2 × 106 m/s
The total energy (T.E) of the electron in
stationary orbit
 The energy of electron revolving in a stationery

orbit is of two types. Kinetic energy due to
velocity and potential energy due to the position of
the electron.
 The potential energy of the e- is negative and
equals to –kZe2 / r , while the kinetic energy is
positive and is equals to 1/2mv2 .
 Hence the total energy of the e- ,
1 2 1 Ze2
En  mv  ……(6)
2 4 0 r
 From eq. (3),
1 2 1 Ze2 ……(7)
mv 
2 8 0 r
 Using eq. (7) in (6), we get
1 Ze 2 1 Ze 2
En  
8 0 r 4 0 r
1 Ze 2 ……(8)
 En  
8 0 r
 Substituting the value of r in eq.(8),

 Z 2e4 m
En  2 2 2
8 0 n h
 Substituting the values,
21.76 1019 13.6
En  2
J = 2 eV
n n
 The -ve sign implies that electron is bound to the

nucleus. As n increases, the total energy of
electron is more than that in the inner orbits.
Limitations of the Bohr Model
 The Bohr Model was an important step in the

development of atomic theory. However, it has
several limitations.
(1) Bohr model could not explain those atoms
which have more than one electron like lithium,
helium. This model was applicable only for those
atoms which have one electron.
(2) Bohr theory explain only spherical orbits. There
was no explanation for elliptical orbits.
(3) It failed to explain the Zeeman effect when the
spectral line is split into several components in
the presence of a magnetic field.
(4) It failed to explain the Stark effect when the
spectral line gets split up into fine lines in the
presence of electric field.
(5) By using Bohr atomic model, one can’t explain
the intensity of spectral line.

Bohr Model of H-Atom

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bohr Model of H-Atom

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bohr Model of H-Atom

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BOHR MODEL OF H-

Presented by : Jignasha patel

 Niels Bohr suggested that the problem about

(1) Electrons revolve round the nucleus with

 Radius of nth orbit :

Where 0 = permitivity of free space

 Therefore r α n2 , so radius increase with increase

 The energy of electron revolving in a stationery

 Substituting the value of r in eq.(8),

 The -ve sign implies that electron is bound to the

 The Bohr Model was an important step in the

You might also like