Building Automation

UNIT-1-INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

AND AUTOMATION
CO1:Understand Building Management system and Automation.
Prepared By
Prabhu Kumar Surarapu
WHAT IS BUILDING AUTOMATION?
A centralized, networked system of hardware and
software that monitors and controls a building’s facility
systems (electricity, lighting, plumbing, HVAC, water
supply, etc.).

When facilities are monitored and controlled in a

seamless fashion, tenants enjoy a more comfortable
working environment and facility management
benefits from sustainable practices and reduced
energy costs.
Introduction:

 A building management system (BMS), otherwise known as a building

automation system (BAS), is a computer-based control system installed in
buildings that controls and monitors the building's mechanical and
electrical equipment such as ventilation, lighting, power systems, fire
systems, and security.
 A BMS consists of software and hardware.
 The software program, usually configured in a hierarchical manner, can be
proprietary, using such protocols as C-Bus , Profibus , and so on.
 Building management systems are most commonly implemented in large
projects with extensive mechanical, HVAC, and electrical systems.
monitor energy
keep building performance and
climates within a device
specified range failures in all
systems

light rooms
according alarm facility
to an occupancy managers in the
schedule event
of a malfunction
THE FOUR CORE FUNCTIONS OF A
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

TO CONTROL TO MONITOR AND

THE BUILDING’s CORRECT SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENT PERFORMANCE

TO OPERATE TO ALERT OR
SYSTEMS ACCORDING SOUND ALARMS
TO OCCUPANCY AND WHEN NEEDED
ENERGY DEMAND
WHAT IS MEANT BY “CONTROLLED”?

The key component in a BAS is the controller—a small,

specialized computer with various applications

Controllers regulate the performance of various facilities

within the building. Traditionally, this includes the following:

Electrical systems Mechanical systems

Heating, ventilation and

Plumbing systems
air-conditioning systems

Lighting systems Surveillance Systems Security Systems

THE EVOLUTION OF SMART BUILDINGS

 Building automation has advanced just within our lifetime at a baffling rate.

1950: Automated buildings rely on pneumatic controls with compressed air.

1980s: Microprocessors move the industry from compressed air to analog

then digital controls(nothing short of a revolution).

1990s: Open protocols allow controlled facilities to actually communicate

with one another.

2000: Wireless technology allows components to communicate without

cable attachments
TERMS TO UNDERSTAND

Building Management System and Building Control System: General terms

for systems that control a building’s facilities (not necessarily automation
systems).

Direct Digital Control: Innovation in the ‘80s brought small, affordable

microprocessors enabling a digital system’s components to communicate

Application Programming Interface: The code that defines how two or more
pieces of software communicate with one another.

Building Automation System: A subset that can be a part of the larger BMS
or BCS. Building management and building automation have so thoroughly
overlapped that the terms are used interchangeably.

Energy Management System and Energy Management Control System:

Energy consumption, metering, etc. There’s enough overlap between what
a BAS and an EMS do that we consider these terms synonymous.
HOW DO BUILDING AUTOMATION
SYSTEMS WORK?
 BASIC BAS HAS FIVE ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS:
SENSORS OUTPUT DEVICES
Devices that measure values These carry out the
such as CO2 output, commands from
temperature, humidity, the controller. Examples:
daylight or room occupancy. relays and actuators.
CONTROLLERS COMMUNICATIONS
The brains of the systems that PROTOCOLS
take data from sensors and The language spoken
decide how the system will among the components
respond of the BAS.
DASHBOARD OR Example: BACnet.
USER INTERFACE
Screens or interfaces humans use to
interact with the BAS where building
data are reported.
HOW A DDC LOOP WORKS:
WHY ARE BUILDING AUTOMATION
SYSTEMS USEFUL?

Smarter control of the A BAS can save a

BAS efficiencies equate
building’s building owner a
to a reduced
environment keep significant amount of
environmental impact
occupants happier. It money on utility bills,
which means better air
also reduces since a more energy-
quality for everyone.
complaints and efficient building simply
resolution time. costs less to run.
ARCHITECTURE OF BMS/BAS
ARCHITECTURE OF BMS/BAS
ARCHITECTURE OF BMS/BAS

 Upper level (Management Level). Dispatching and administration as well

as work with databases and statistical functions. At this level cooperation
between personnel (operators, dispatchers etc) and system is performed,
which is implemented by means of computer devices and SCADA system.
 Middle level (Automation Level). Automated management of functional
processes. Basic components of this level are: main controllers, signal input-
output units, and various switching equipment.
 Low level (Field Level). Level of terminals with input/output functions. This
level includes sensors, actuating mechanisms, cabling between devices
and low-middle levels.
Design of BMS

 Define hardware point types:

– Analogue - within a specified range
– Digital - On / Off or Open / Closed
– Metering - Water, Electricity via a Contact
 Define Control Strategy:
– Plant Control Strategy
– Software Interlocks
– Set Values
– Time Parameters
– Alarm Limits
Analogue Input Analogue Output

 Analogue Input  Analogue Output

– 0-10Vdc – 0 to 10Vdc
– 0-10 000 Ohms  Examples of A.O.
– 0-20mA – Electronic Actuators Valves /
 Examples of A.I. Dampers
– Temperature Sensor – Speed Control
– Humidity Sensor – Remote Setting Signal
– Pressure Transducer
– Light Level
– Solar Level
Digital Input Digital Output

 • Digital Input (Status or Binary Input)  Digital Output (Binary Output)

– Clean Contact (Volt Free) – A Switch
 • Examples of D.I. – 240Vac Rated
– Air Flow Switch – Override Switches
– Door Contact  Examples of D.O.
– Water Level Switch – Start / Stop Fan
– Start / Stop Chiller
– Switch On / Off Lights
Meter

 Metered Input (Pulse Input)

– A High Speed Pulse
– Up to 600 Pulses per Minute
 Examples of Metering
– Water Consumption
– Electricity Consumption
– Number of Persons Passing a Turnstile
Software Points

 Used to define the Control Strategy

 Typical Software Point Types
– TIM - Time Schedules
– SPA - Set Point
– CTL - PID Control Algorithms
– ROT - Rotation of Plant
– CAL - Calculation
– PRG - Programmable Freely Defined
– MD - Maximum Demand
Select Outstation

 Based on Hardware count

 • Match to appropriate Outstation
 • Fixed hardware or Modular
 • Allow spare capacity for future expansion
Components of BMS

 - Centralized WorkStation Computer

With powerful user-friendly software.
Used for everyday building operation.
 - DDC Controllers
Micro-processor based
Pre-configured / Freely programmable
Controls the HVAC equipment of the building
 Field devices
Temperature, Humidity, Pressure sensors
Valves, Actuators
BMS Features
 Man / Machine Interface
- interact with the connected
-technical building equipment.
- user friendly
- for operators…
- engineers….
-and building managers
 System Security
- To prevent unauthorized use
- Password protection
- Operator specific access
- Operator log summary
BMS Features
 User-friendly data presentation
-co-ordination of the flow of
-information through the system by
-implementing customized graphics.
- floor plans of the building.
-graphical representation of the equipment.
 Alarm Management
 the presentation in the sequence of importance and time of..
 potentially dangerous situations
 process value deviations
 - guiding the operator to take appropriate action through..
 audible and visual indications
 Email, SMS
 - alarm summary
 Time, date, priority and description
BMS Features
 Reporting
- present customized subsets of data
- actual or historical state
- export as a word or excel document or..
- to a printer..
 Data Logging
- The automatic gathering and
-storage of data from the field
-equipment for later analysis and
-reporting
- Dynamically or historical
- Customized charts and graphs
- Tabular reports
BMS Features
 Time Scheduling
- time-based start/stop of the equipment
- saves energy cost and efficient operation
- effective for lighting, occupancy control
- can be as daily, weekly, for holidays or events

 Event recording
- automatic logging of…
• operator activities and commands
• processes related to connected devices
• workstations and printers
 Remote connectivity
- provide remote access to the system with full functionality through..
 local area network ,dial-up and internet via web browser
BMS Benefits
 Improved indoor environment quality
- Comfortable living and working environment – domestic or
commercial
- Better temperature and humidity control
- Good air quality
 Faster response to ..
- occupant needs
- end-user complaints
- trouble conditions
 Maintenance Savings.
- efficient control gives less wear and strain of mechanical equipment.
- provides longer life
- runtime monitoring alerts timely maintenance of equipment
- avoids expensive failures
BMS Benefits

 Energy Savings
- eliminates unnecessary system operation.
- accurate energy usage information
- helps you to take steps to reduce energy consumption like…
 Optimum-Start
 Night-Purging
 Time-Scheduling
 Consolidated facility control…
- One point centralized operation
- Simpler operation
- Reduces time and resources
BMS Benefits

 Reduced operator training

- on-screen instructions
- user-friendly graphic displays
- simpler operation programmed for routine and repetitive operation

 Improved management reporting

- Provides valuable real-time data
- Creates reports, charts…
- Critical information immediately sent to printers, emailed
- or sent via SMS
BMS Benefits

 Timely and effective control

- alerts the employees when your facility is not operating correctly
- reduce troubleshooting and down time.
- Remote access connectivity without site visits.

 Performance Benchmarking
- Facilitates the overall system performance measurement
- Comparison with set benchmarks