SPECIAL

INSTALLATION

• Building
Automation System
(BAS)
•Intelligent Building
•Security
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)

Other system for BAS:

•Fire protection system

•Parking system

•Energy/Solar system

•MHS

BAS •Water supply

•Telecommunication system
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
 A Building Automation System (BAS) is made up of
electronic equipment that automatically performs
specific facility functions.

Definition :
 The commonly accepted definition of a BAS includes
the comprehensive automatic control of one or more
major building system functions required in a facility,
such as: heating systems, ventilation systems, air
conditioning systems (HVAC), lighting, security, fire
safety, industrial processes and etc

 BAS greatly increases the interaction of mechanical

subsystems within a building, improve occupant
comfort, lower energy use and allow off-site building
control.
BAS ACCORDING TO BUILDING SERVICES

BUILDING AUTOMATION
SYSTEM

SUBSTATION SUBSTATION SUBSTATION SUBSTATION SUBSTATION PANEL

PANEL PANEL PANEL PANEL (WATER, ELECTRICITY
(FIRE (VENTILATION) (MHS) (WASTAGE &
PROTECTION) TREATMENT) TELECOMMUNICATION)

• Emergency •Internal unit • Lift car • wastage •Pump

light •External • Lift motor pipe •Water tank
• Fire alarm unit room •Manhole •Telephone line
• Fire detector •Propeller • Lift motor •Septic tank •Electricity
• Smoke fan
detector
• Sprinkler
system
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM IN A BUILDING
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

BAS development in Malaysia :

 BAS system was firstly introduced in

Malaysia at the end of 80’s.
 Dayabumi – First building use BAS system
 Nowadays – KLCC, KL Sentral, Dataran
Maybank, KLIA etc
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

 BAS monitor and control various types of

equipment, special purpose devices, conveying
systems and mechanical and electrical systems.
 The automation system integrates all the systems
within a building.
 Among those commonly found are systems to
monitor and control energy and environmental
systems, communications, security, clocks,
alarms, detection devices and door controls.
 Devices for moving people/materials, such as
moving walks, moving ramps, elevators and
escalators, are also automated.
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM IN A BUILDING

MEASURE

ALARM SECURITY MONITOR

&
MONITORING

CONTROL

SECURITY AND MONITORING

BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Description :

 Building Automation Systems (BAS) use computer-based

monitoring to coordinate, organize and optimize building
control sub-systems such as security, fire/life safety,
elevators, etc.

Common applications include :

1. Equipment scheduling
(turning equipment off and on as required) 
2. Optimum start/stop
(turning heating and cooling equipment on in advance to
ensure the building is at the required temperature during
occupancy)
(cont’d)
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Common applications include :
3. Operator adjustment
(accessing operator set-points that tune
system to changing conditions)
4. Monitoring
(logging of temperature, energy use,
equipment start times, operator logon, etc)
5. Alarm reporting
(notifying the operator of failed equipment, out
of limit temperature/pressure conditions or
need for maintenance)
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Benefits

 improves and documents occupant comfort

 reduces heating, ventilation, and cooling costs
through improved sub-system management
(lower energy use)
 reduces time required to monitor and manage
building operation
 allows support and diagnostics from remote
location (off-site building control )
 increases the interaction of mechanical subsystems
within a building
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Limitations

 must be manually operated to improve

occupant comfort, indoor air quality,
building energy use and environmental
impact 
 quantity and complexity of sub-systems
must be great enough to warrant cost of
system
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Considerations include :

 How the building will be operated and by whom

should be identified early in the process.
 The Building Automation System designer should be
involved early in the building design process to
identify the potential benefits of BAS use an practical
limits to BAS use.
 Identification of ownership and required interaction
between building sub-systems must be done to
ensure successful integration.
 Both design presentation and construction
management should be an active part of this
integration.
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Building Use :

 High rise office

 Low rise office
 High rise apartment
 Low rise apartment 
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
 In this example there is an HVAC system, a fire system and
a CCTV system, all of which are integrated with each other
 The requirement is to monitor all of the systems on the same
management station.
 This saves cost as it allows the relevant data from all
systems to be presented on a single display, and efficiency
is increased as the data can be compared and controlled
from the same interface.
 Furthermore, there is a requirement to integrate the systems
allowing them to control each other.
 The computer monitor will coordinate, organize and
optimize building control sub-systems such as security,
fire/life safety, elevators, etc.
 In this example, control can be added by having the fire
system trigger camera changes on the CCTV system when a
particular fire detector is in alarm.
1. Fire alarm

 The fire alarm system trigger camera changes on

the CCTV system when a particular fire detector
is in alarm.
 Notifying the operator of failed equipment, out
of limit temperature/pressure conditions.
 For example, in the case of a fire, the fire alarm
communicates with the security system to unlock
the doors
2. CCTV

 These systems are used to view and record activity

from remote locations and consist of a variety of
components based upon the application.
 For example, in the case of a fire, the CCTV will
communicates with the fire alarm.
 Automatic called up camera will activate the alarm
event to the fire system.
3. Ventilation & air-conditioning (HVAC)
 Every room which provided by air-conditioning
and ventilation will link directly to BAS.
 Through the BAS computer monitor the system
can be controlled whether on/off on each unit and
temperature can be adjust
 The simplest example of such should be the
thermostat in an HVAC system.
 It senses the thermal environment, compares the
temperature to a set point and communicates to
a device that either adds or removes heat from
the internal environment (a furnace, boiler or “air
conditioner”).
COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)

 INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

 Consist of – sensor, relays, contact and actuator

a. Input devices – monitoring devices

Measures or monitor ‘outside condition’ and convert
these to signals acceptable by the BAS
b. Output devices – command devices
convert signals from BAS to produce changes in the
outside condition
Both either ------------------ digital type/analog type

 REMOTE PANEL/SUB-STATION THROUGOUT THE

BUILDING
consist of microprocessor controller – which to monitor the
various input and output modules and if a change occurs, it
reports this event to the central computer
COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)

 CENTRAL COMPUTER
the ‘heart’ of the BAS

 OPERATORS STATION
to permit the operator to instruct the computer and instruct
the computer and to permit the computer to present
information to the operator.
i.e – Text visual displaying unit with keyboard
VDU – Visual Display Unit
Printers
Trend records
Voice Intercom device
COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (BAS)

Operator
Operator
Station
Station

Central
Central
Computer
Computer

Sub-station
Sub-station
Panel
Panel

Digital Actuator Digital Sensor

WHAT IS
INTEGRATED
BUILDING
AUTOMATION
SYSTEM?

A single, cohesive building

automation system controlling
lighting, HVAC, fire, security
and other facilities.

Allow a system to be managed

from a single point
INTEGRATED System Manager:
•Monitor and instruct the system
BUILDING from a single workstation
AUTOMATION •More time improving building
operation
SYSTEM •Check temperature, lighting levels,
compare total energy usage with
Smaller
occupancy
buildings

Better Management

System Manager optimized

management function:
•M’ce staff check plant operation
across all control field
Larger site •Mgmt check energy usage
•Security staff deal with access
control, CCTV and intruder alerts.

Better Control
•Happier occupants

•Energy-savings increase
CCTV
HVAC FIRE
INTELLIGENT
BUILDING
INTELLIGENT BUILDING
What is an Intelligent Building?

 Provides a productive and cost effective environment through

optimisation of its 4 basic elements:
 Structure
 Systems
 Service management
 Their integration
 Creates an environment which maximizes the effectiveness of
the building’s occupants while at the same time enabling
efficient management of resources with minimum life-time
costs of hardware & facilities.
INTELLIGENT BUILDING
What is an Intelligent Building?

 An Intelligent Building is one equipped with the

telecommunications infrastructure that enables it to
continuously respond and adapt to changing

 conditions, allowing for a more efficient use of resources

and increasing the comfort and security of its occupants.

 An Intelligent Building provides these benefits through

automated control systems such as: heating, ventilation, and
air-conditioning (HVAC); fire safety; security; and
energy/lighting management. For example, in the case of a
fire, the fire alarm communicates with the security system to
unlock the doors. The security system communicates with
the HVAC system to regulate the flow of air to prevent the
fire from spreading.
INTELLIGENT BUILDING
General Concept

 The concept of an intelligent building is, in its

most general sense it should mean a building that
in some way can sense its environment, reach
decisions about the state of that environment
and communicate those decisions.

 In practice this should mean that a building can

adjust some aspect of the interior or exterior
environment in response to a change in some
other aspect of that environment
INTELLIGENT BUILDING
Major aspect of IB

 Building automation (BAS/BMS)

 Advanced telecommunication
 Office automation (OAS)
 Responsiveness to change
INTELLIGENT BUILDING SYSTEM - SMARTHOME
BUILDING
SECURITY
SYSTEM
CONCEPTUAL MAP
A Typical Building Security
& Car Park Control System

(1)Building Entry Access

System with Intercom System

(2)Lift Access Control

restriction tenants within floors

(3)Secure Alarmed Areas

within office complexes

(4)Energy Management &

Building Services Control
Systems (lighting and air
conditioning)

(5)Car Park Access Control

for entry and exit
WHAT IS SECURITY?
 Security means safety, safekeeping, precautions or
protection against the social misbehaviour and
disregard for others people’s property by a minority of
the population.
 As the pattern of this population has increased, the
interest in intruder alarms for both domestic and
commercial buildings has developed significantly.
 There is no security system that is infallible, but the
more carefully chosen and designed the system is (for
the particular premises circumstances), the smaller
chance there is that it will be defeated
SECURITY – SYSTEM DESIGN
 System design depends on the building type and
location, and on what needs to be secured
 Must responsive to codes and regulations
 Appropriately interactive with other building
systems
 cost effective in both short and long term
 Adaptable enough for foreseeable needs
 Needs should be address early in the design
process
SECURITY – TYPES OF SYSTEM

1. ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

2. ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE
3. HUMAN SURVEILLANCE
4. INTRUSION ALARM SYSTEM
ACCESS CONTROL
SYSTEM
SECURITY – ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
 To gain access to a room or location both an
identification number & a password can be set up in
Security and Access Control unit utilizes identification
techniques of Bar-code and Magnetic Stripe Card with
optional password key-in.
 It sound alarm and keeps transactions when abnormal
triggers.
 Capable of recording all the person In/Out transaction for
reference or for monitoring purposes
 The system will take responsibilities for complete security
of authorized and unauthorized entry.
 Ideally used in Office building, Hotel, Laboratory,
Hospital and in Law Enforcement Department
SECURITY – ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
Access control systems allow us to:

 Incorporate time and attendance control of specific areas

 Provide real-time reports and accurate information
 Increase security and flexibility
 Monitor individuals or groups
 Lock and unlock doors
 Provide superior access control with the benefits of an
audit trail
 Secure any size facility - from a private home to an entire
university campus with thousands of doors
 Track employee activity - generate reports/trace
movements to improve productivity/detect problems
 Incorporate biometric technology for enhanced security
TYPES OF ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
CARD ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
Methods of card reading : Type of card:

• Insertion type • Magnetic stripe card

• Proximity card • Barium ferrite cards
• Electronic circuit card
• Metal embedded card
• Infrared cards

Card access systems can range from a stand-alone system to integrated systems.
• The stand-alone system is a separate system and not connected to other
building services equipment and plant system. In a stand-alone system, the
card reader control only one door. In this system, the card reader control
connected to the remote management computer.
• In integrated systems, the access system is part of the BAS or connected to
other security systems. It is integrated with other building services plant and
equipment systems.
CARD ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
The purpose of controlling the access into and within a building has 2 goals:
• to detect incursion of the building for criminal purposes during non-working hours by
means of physical and electronic security measures
• to limit access to the building to authorised personnel during working hours with a
minimum of inconvenience commensurate with a required level of security

Features found in modern access control systems are capable to :

1. a basic feature that identifies the access card user by a unique alphanumeric code
defined by the system manufacturer
2. assigns different levels of access to different building areas with limit the access to
selected facilities during certain hours and days over a predetermined period of time
3. a time-delay feature that prevents a card-holder from passing his or her access card
back through or under a closed or controlled door to be used by another person who
may not be authorized to enter
4. a feature that provides reports of entries and departures from a building, or specific
areas of a building, during certain dates and times.
CARD ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
5
4

6
2

Example of the BASIC SET-UP of card access monitoring

1. Cards (each card containing a hidden identification code particular to each card holder)
2. Card reader units (to read the identification code of the system, backup batteries, transformer,
recording unit)
3. A control panel (the programmable CPU of the system, Backup batteries, transformer, recording
unit)
4. Electronic door locks (to lock or release the lock or latch of the door)
5. An alarm signalling device (alert people of unauthorised entry or tampering with components)
6. Cabling (for communication and power supply to the components)
CARD ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

The sequence of the Access Control functioning (Access Control Panels)

BIOMETRIC ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
Finger print

The science of using a person’s unique physiological characteristic to verify their identity
e.g. finger print, hand / palm geometry, iris, retina, face, voice
ELECTRONIC
SURVEILLIANCE
Figure : CCTV system
ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM
CCTV SYSTEM
• These systems are
used to view and
record activity from
remote locations and
consist of a variety of
components based
upon the application.
• Typical components
consist of cameras,
monitors,
multiplexors,
switchers, recorders,
and video
transmission
systems.

CCTV SYSTEM
CCTV SYSTEM
CCTV FEATURES

CAMERA
• positions of the cameras throughout the facility
• automatic called up camera to activate the alarm event or
manually the staff
• equipped with pan/tilt/zoom/focus
• have zooming and aperture control for better production of
images to suit changing light condition
• Placed inside a secure housing to protect the camera against
vandalism or weather
• time-lapse sequence cameras switching
• video motion detectors i.e. the camera will switch on when it
detects motion in its vicinity.
CCTV SYSTEM

CCTV FEATURES

TV MONITOR
• specially designed to have higher resolutions and for 24-
hour use
• split-screening - show the scenes from several cameras all
at once
• Other feature also including It may also incorporate

VIDEO RECORDER
• video recorder with time-lapse recording
CCTV SYSTEM - PURPOSE
1. to supplement or augment physical and electronic security system
• The CCTV can give better and more flexible access control.
• Integrates remote monitoring from our Command Center
• Enables immediate response to any incident -- Guards or Doormen can
take immediate action

2. to provide some level of security when the use of physical and electronic
security systems are not feasible
• free movement areas or persons are to be allowed in the protected areas
• electronic and physical security systems are not practical or not sufficient

3. to record activities for archival purposes

• as an audit trail of actual events
• evidence in a judicial trial
• evidence in a liability suit trial
• learning aids for training or orientation of security personnel

4. to deter or discourage crime

• Allows real-time, two-way video and/or audio interaction
• Eliminates false alarms and stops incidents in progress
HUMAN
SURVEILLANCE
MANUAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
• to support all the above security devices
• form of patrol or walkabouts by security personnel at scheduled time in the
property.

2 systems comprises in manual security patrolling of a property:

1. Intercom & Emergency Communication Systems
• Intercom systems communicate from distant locations to a central control centre

2. Security Patrol Monitoring System

• Used to monitor Patrols by the security personnel to ensure patrols followed as
scheduled.
• The usual monitoring is via the security personnel writing down the information in
the various patrol record books which are the beat stations along his route.
• Or monitor the work schedule of the security personnel by using the computer
Figure : security personnel
INTRUSION ALARM
SYSTEM
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
• Intrusion alarm system are designed to detect
unauthorized entry.
• These systems utilise detectors and sensors to detect an
intruders presence.
• A variety of intrusion sensors are available to detect
different methods of gaining access to secured space.
• e.g. glass break, motion detection, door sensors, and
others.
• Intrusion systems report the status of sensors back to a
central monitoring point via a variety of communication
methods.
• This system comprises a bell or siren, a power supply
from the mains electricity or batteries, switches and
control panel. These components are linked by electrical
wiring or a circuit.
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM

Intrusion detection devices or sensors

The function of this intrusion detection device is to
recognise an attempt to intrude into a protected area
or point.

Sensors are divided into 2 categories :

1. switches of various types
2. space protectors
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
SWITCHES

perimeter defences where they detect intruders during entry

or while they are in the process of penetrating property.
Subdivided into categories:

• micro-switch
• magnetic reed
• radio sensor
• pressure mat
• taut wiring and window strip
• acoustic detector’
• vibration, impact and inertia detectors
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
Intrusion detection devices or sensors - SWITCHES
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
Intrusion detection devices or sensors - SWITCHES
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
Intrusion detection devices or sensors

SPACE PROTECTION

are volumetric sensors as they are sometimes called,

deter or keep intruders out by recognising their presence
before they have physical contact with a building or its
border
The principal space protectors are :
• ultrasonic
• microwave
• active infra-red
• passive infra-red
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
Intrusion detection devices or sensors - SPACE
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM – BASIC COMPONENTS
Control panel
• This is the centre or brain of the intruder alarm system.
• It monitors the state of the alarm and anti-tamper circuits.

Keying unit
This component is used to :
• set on or off the alarm system
• to activate other program features of the system
• There are 2 types of keying units:
- the key switch
- the electronic keypad

Alarm signalling device

• it will provide power to activate the signalling devices
• attract attention by :
- continuously emit high intense noise (alarm sounders)
- set off lights (visual alarm signalling devices)
- send off an electronic message to a remote monitoring stations
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
– DEGREE OF PROTECTION
POINT PROTECTION
installed at a safe, secure the entry point to a room
1. A typical door/window intrusion sensor, or attached to a variety of other
items that open and close, e.g. drawers, display cases, and room
dividers
2. The aim to detect any attempt to tamper with the point or break through
the point
3. i.e. the sensors reported the point's identity, location, and operating
status to the control panel and, hence, to human monitors, when the
thief struck again, he was easily apprehended. The intrusion detectors
that can be used for point protection include :
• magnetic door contacts
• thermostatic switches
• vibration detectors
• audio accumulators
• proximity alarms
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
– DEGREE OF PROTECTION

AREA PROTECTION
• Motion detectors - Installed either at enclosed or open area of space in
a building or a room, e.g. a corridor or a reception area
• the aim of this system is to detect the presence of an intruder in the
protected area
• Motion detectors emit waves constantly or at regular intervals.
the most common application:
single-technology motion detecting sensor uses passive infrared (PIR)
- energy to recognize the movement of heat in a protected space
Dual-technology motion detecting sensors employ PIR and microwave
technologies – most effective in detecting when the heat mass moves
These detectors us either light photo electricity or ultrasonic waves or
microwaves or passive infrared light to detect motion so as to set off the
alarm.
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
– DEGREE OF PROTECTION

PERIMETER PROTECTION
• protects an area by detecting any intrusion past the perimeter into the
protected area, i.e. the outer wall with its door and windows
• e.g. fence or wall.
• the perimeter line is installed with sensors that detect intrusion into the
building or grounds
• the devices for building perimeter protection include magnetic contacts
to doors or windows, foil wires or tapes to glass
• e.g. when glass breaks, it cuts the tape and switch off the electrical
circuit in it, thus sets off the alarm
• Fence detection systems are usually used with CCTV. When intrusion
is detected, the CCTV is used to provide verification
INTRUDER ALARM SYSTEM
– DEGREE OF PROTECTION
PERSONAL THREAT PROTECTION
• Using a robbery duress system or Panic Alarm device
• provide protection for the person who is about to be harmed or
threatened in a premise
• If there is robbery incident, a hidden lever or button switch can be
activated manually
• Normally, there is no alarm sounding off because the robber might harm
the victim for setting off the alarm
• The device is also used in house alarm system called Personal Attack
or Paging alarm button.
• Current application of Panic attack for interior intrusion detection is the
use of wireless portable panic buttons
• The buttons are worn by a facility's staff or security force and are
programmed with unique identification codes, just as a mounted
door/window sensor might be
END
-thank you-