Yusef Mohammed UMP

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision

Half Term 1
Indices
1) ab ac = ab + c
2) ab ac = ab - c
3) (ab)c = abc
4) a1 = a
5) 1a = 1
6) (a/b)c = ac/bc
7) a0 = 1
8) a-b = 1/ab
9) (a/b)-c = (b/a)c = bc/ac
10) a1/2 = a
11) a1/b = ba
12) ab/c = (a1/c)b = (ca)b

Standard index form

A 10n
1 A < 10

Multiplying and dividing:

(2.24 103) (6.75 105)
= (2.24 6.75) (103 105)
= 15.12 108
= 1.512 109

Adding and subtracting:

(9.8 104) + (6.6 103)
= (9.8 104) + (0.66 104)
= (9.8 + 0.66) 104
= 10.46 104
= 1.046 105

Brackets
Expanding brackets:
(n + 2)(n + 4)
= (n n) + (n 4) + (2 n) + (2 4)
= n2 + 4n + 2n + 8
= n2 + 6n + 8

Factorising:
8n2 + 20n

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

= 4n(2n + 5)

Algebraic equations:
(x + 3)(x 1) = (x + 4)(x 3)
x2 + 2x 3 = x2 + x 12
2x 3 = x 12
x 3 = -12
x = -9

Solving equations
Finding x:
5x + 4 = 8x 5
5x + 9 = 8x
9 = 3x
x=3

Equations from words:

Windsurfing lessons cost 15 per hour, plus a fixed fee of 20 for equipment hire. h
hours of lessons cost W.
W = 15h + 20

Eulers formula:
F+VE=2
F faces
V vertices
E edges

Fractions
Multiplying:
2/5 3/7
= (2 3)/(5 7)
= 6/35

Dividing:
2 1/3 3 1/2
= 7/3 7/2
= 7/3 2/7
= (7 2)/(3 7)
= 14/21
= 2/3

Adding and subtracting:

2 1/5 1 1/2
= 11/5 3/2
= 22/10 15/10
= (22 15)/10
= 7/10

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

Repeating decimals:
0.2391
x = 0.2391
10000x = 2391.2391
9999x = 2391
x = 2391/9999
x = 797/3333

0.16
x = 0.16
10x = 1.6
100x = 16.6
90x = 15
x = 15/90
x = 1/6

0.8124
x = 0.8124
100x = 81.24
99x = 80.43
x = 80.43/99
x = 8043/9900
x = 2681/3300

4.704
x = 0.004
10x = 0.044
10x = 0.04 + x
9x = 0.04
9x = 1/25
x = 1/25 9
x = 1/225

8/9
8 9 = 0.8

Algebraic fractions
Simplifying:
21x3y2/14xy3
21/14
x3/x
y2/y3
3x2/2y

Adding and subtracting:

5/x + 3/4x

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

= 20/4x + 3/4x
= 23/4x

11/x 1/3
= 33/3x x/3x
= (33 x)/3x

4/(x + 1) + 3/(x 2)
= 4/((x + 1)(x 2)) + 3/((x + 1)(x 2))
= 7/(x + 1)(x 2)
= 7/(x2 x 2)

Multiplying and dividing:

x2/4 2/(x + 1)
= 2x2/(4x + 4)
= x2/(2x + 2)

2/x x3/5
= 2/x 5/x3
= 10/x4

Half Term 2
Polygons
Quadrilaterals:
Lines of Pairs of Equal Perpendicular Opposite
symmetry parallel sides diagonals diagonals angles equal
Square 4 2 Yes Yes Yes
Rectangle 2 2 Yes Yes Yes
Kite 1 0 No Yes Yes
Rhombus 2 2 Yes Yes Yes
Parallelogram 0 2 No No Yes
Trapezium 0 1 No No No
Arrowhead 1 0 No Yes Yes (1 pair)

Interior angles:
Sum of interior angles = (n 2) 180
Interior angle of regular polygon = ((n 2) 180) n

Exterior angles:
Sum of exterior angles = 360
Exterior angle of regular polygon = 360 n

Triangles and construction

Congruence:
If two shapes are congruent, they are identical in both shape and size. Shapes can
still be congruent even if one of them has rotated or reflected.

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

Similarity:
If two shapes are similar, they are identical in both shape and angles, but not in size.

Construction:
SSS
1) Draw the baseline.
2) Place a compass on one end with a radius of a side.
3) Place a compass on the other end with a radius of the other side.

SAS
1) Draw the baseline.
2) Place a protractor on one end, drawing a line with the angle.
3) Place a compass on the same end with a radius of a side.
4) Where the two lines intersect, mark the point and draw straight lines to both
ends.

ASA
1) Draw the baseline.
2) Place a protractor on one end, drawing a line with an angle.
3) Place a protractor on the other end, drawing a line with the other angle.
4) Where the two lines intersect, mark the point and draw straight lines to both
ends.

RHS
1) Draw the baseline.
2) Place a compass on one end with a radius of a side.
3) Place a compass on the other end, drawing a line at 90.
4) Where the two lines intersect, mark the point and draw straight lines to both
ends.

SSA
1) Draw the baseline.
2) Place a protractor on one end, drawing a line with an angle.
3) Place a compass on the other end with a radius of the other side.
4) Where the two lines intersect, mark the point and draw straight lines to both
ends.

When we are given SSS, SAS, ASA or RHS, the constructed triangle is unique.
When we are given SSA, the triangle is not unique and it is sometimes possible to
construct two different triangles.

Perpendicular bisector
1) Place a compass, with a radius of at least half of the line, on an end and mark
it.
2) Place a compass, with a radius the same size as previously, on the other end
and mark it.

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

3) Draw a straight line through the two intersections.

Angle bisector
1) Place a compass at the angle, marking a line.
2) Place a compass where the line intersects a side of the angle.
3) Place a compass, with a radius the same size as previously, where the line
intersects the other side of the angle.
4) Where the two lines intersect, mark the point and draw a straight line to the
angle.

Rounding, errors and estimating

Decimal places:
4.281 to 1 d.p.
= 4.3

0.2354 to 2 d.p.
= 0.24

64.996 to 2 d.p.
= 65.00

Significant figures:
7.0264 to 3 s.f.
= 7.03

0.0237538 to 3 s.f.
= 0.0238

2500.0076 to 5 s.f.
= 2500.0

Bounds of accuracy:
10 to 2 s.f.
Lower bound = 9.5
Upper bound = 10.5
9.5 x < 10.5

3.75 to 0.01
3.745 x < 3.755

3.750 to 0.001
3.7495 x 3.7505

Estimating:
(58.2 28.4) 18.27
(60 30)/20
90

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

(11,213 0.0974)/52.7
(100 0.1)/50
0.2

48% of 22,615
50/100 20,000
10,000

Space and shape

Translation:
- Needs a vector.

- First digit specifies right or left.

- Second digit specifies up or down.

(3, -9) 3 right, 9 down.

Rotation:
- Needs an angle and a direction.
- Needs a centre.

- Angle and direction tells what angle to rotate.

- Centre tells what point to rotate around.

90 clockwise round (1, 2)

Reflection:
- Needs a line.

y=2

Enlargement:
- Needs a scale factor.
- Needs a centre of enlargement.

- Scale factor tells how much to enlarge by.

- Centre of enlargement tells what point to enlarge at.

Scale factor 2 at (3, 7) Multiply by 2 the distance between each point from (3, 7).

Describing transformations:
- State key facts for each transformation.
- Be able to combine transformations.

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

Half Term 3
Area and volume
Rectangle:
A=bh

Triangle:
A = 1/2 b h

Parallelogram:
A=bh

Trapezium:
A = (1/2 (b1 + b2)) h

Circle:
A = r2
C = d

Kite:
A = 1/2 d1 d2

Prism (solid with the same cross-section throughout its length):

V=Al

Cylinder:
V = r2h
SA = 2rh + 2r2

Radius of a circle:
R = C/2 (C = 2r)
R = (A/) (A = r2)

Unit conversions:
1m2 = 100cm 100cm = 10,000cm2
1m3 = 100cm 100cm 100cm = 1,000,000cm3

Interpreting graphs
Identify and interpret information:
- Line graph
- Bar chart
- Population pyramid
- Scatter graph
- Pie chart

- Correlation
- Rate of change
- Distribution

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

Sequences:
nth term (linear):
n 1 2 3 4
Term 5 8 11 14

Common difference = 3 (3n)

Difference between common difference and terms = (3 + x = 5) = 2 (+ 2)
nth term = 3n + 2

nth term (quadratic):

n 1 2 3 4
Term 9 15 25 39
Difference 6 10 14
Common difference 4 4

Common difference = 4 (2n2)

Difference between common difference and terms = (2 + x = 9) = 7 (+ 7)
nth term = 2n2 + 7

+ 2 = n2
+ 4 = 2n2
+ 6 = 3n2

Quadratic equation = an2 + bn + c

Common difference = 4 means a = 2
2n2 + bn + c
(n = 1) 2 + b + c = 9
(n = 2) 8 + 2b + c = 15

Using simultaneous equations we get

6+b=6
b=0

-4 + c = 3
c=7

nth term = 2n2 + 7

Percentages
Percentage increase = (actual increase original value) 100

8000 to 8100
= (100 8000) 100
= 1.25% increase

1.60 to 1.12

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

= (0.48 1.60) 100

= 30% decrease

Reverse percentages:
4% increase of x = 998.40
104% of x = 998.40
1% of x = 998.40 104
100% of x = (998.40 104) 100
x = 960

Mixed percentages:
3.2% increase of x = 625,300 increase
1% of x = 625,300 3.2
100% of x = (625,300 3.2) 100
x = 19540625

Simultaneous equations
Graphical solution:
1) Draw the two equations on a graph.
2) The coordinate that the two lines intersect at are the x and y values.

Algebraic solution (elimination):

1) Same sign subtract.
2) Opposite sign add.

6x + y = 45 (a)
3x + 5y = 36 (b)

6x + 10y = 72 (2b)
6x + y = 45 (a)

9y = 27
y=3
x=7

Algebraic solution (substitution):

6x + y = 45 (a)
3x + 5y = 36 (b)

a = (y = 45 x)

3x + 5(45 x) = 36
3x + 225 30x = 36
189 = 27x
x=7
y=3

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

Simultaneous equations from words:

76 people need to be transported. A minibus can take 12 people and a car can take 5
people. How many of each are needed if 11 vehicles are taken?
12m + 5c = 76
m + c = 11

12m + 5c = 76
5m + 5c = 55

7m = 21
m=3
c=8

Half Term 4
Rearranging formulae
Changing the subject:
s = (u + v)t [u]
s = ut + vt
s vt = ut
(s vt)/t = u

Fractions:
f/g = e/(a b) [a]
f(a b) = eg
fa fb = eg
fa = eg + fb
a = (eg + fb)/f

Negative x terms:
ab(a x) = d
a x = d/ab
a = d/ab + x
a d/ab = x

Squares and square roots:

m a2 = n
m = n + a2
m n = a2
(m n) = a

Inequalities
Notations:
- > means greater than
- < means less than
- means greater than or equal to
- means less than or equal to

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

Number lines:
- An open circle is for > or <.
- A coloured-in circle is for or .

Solving inequalities:
- When you multiply or divide by a negative number, flip the inequality sign.

2x + 7 > x + 11
x>4

x/2 + 1 < 3 and 3x > 0

x/2 + 1 < 3
x/2 < 2
x<4
3x > 0
x>0
0<x<4

Graphical inequalities:
- A dotted line is for > or < (not including the line).
- A solid line is for or (including the line).

1) Convert the inequality sign to an equals sign (=).

2) Draw the graph for each equation (use (x = 0, y = ?), (y = 0, x = ?))
3) Work out which side of the line you want (put x = 0 and y = 0 into each
inequality and see if this makes the inequality true or false).

Straight-line graphs
y = mx + c:
Gradient As x goes up by 1, y goes up by ?
Gradient = Difference between y coordinates/Difference between x coordinates
m = y/x

A line passes through (1, 2) and (3, 6)

Gradient = (6 2)/(3 1) = 4/2 = 2

y-intercept The point at which the line intercepts the y-axis.

c = y-intercept

Parallel lines:
Lines with the same gradient are parallel.
y = 3x 1
y = 3x + 5

Perpendicular lines:
Lines with the negative reciprocal of the gradient are perpendicular.

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

Lines whose gradients product is -1 are perpendicular.

y = -2x
y = 1/2x + 1
-2 is the negative reciprocal of 1/2.
-2 1/2 = -1

y=x3
y = -x + 7
1 is the negative reciprocal of -1
1 -1 = -1

Curved graphs
Table of values:
y = x3 4x [x from -3 to 3]
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
3
x -27 -8 -1 0 1 8 27
-4x +12 +8 +4 0 -4 -8 -12
y -15 0 3 0 -3 0 15

y = x2 + 2x 5
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
2
x 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
+2x -6 -4 -2 0 +2 +4 +6
-5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
y -2 -5 -6 -5 -2 3 10

Plot the x and y points, joining the points with a smooth curve.

Lines of symmetry and points of intersection:

- Be able to identify equations of line of symmetry of curves.
- Identify points that intersect the x-axis and y-axis.

Half Term 5
Pythagoras theorem
Pythagorass theorem:
a2 + b2 = c2

22 + 42 = c2
4 + 16 = c2
20 = c2
20 = c
c = 4.472135955

Trigonometry
Sin, Cos, Tan:
- Sine (sin) x = Opposite/Hypotenuse (OPP/HYP)

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

- Cosine (cos) x = Adjacent/Hypotenuse (ADJ/HYP)

- Tangent (tan) x = Opposite/Adjacent (OPP/ADJ)

Finding a length:
1) Find which formula you need (SOH CAH TOA).
2) Use it to form an equation and make x the subject.
3) Use a calculator to find x.

sin = O/H
sin 35 = O/H
sin 35 = 15/x
x = 15/sin 35
x = 26.15170193

Finding an angle:
1) Find which formula you need (SOH CAH TOA).
2) Use it to form an equation and invert the trig to make x the subject.
3) Use a calculator to find x.

cos = A/H
cos x = 15/25
x = cos-1 (15/25)
x = 53.13010235

Probability
Probability:
Probability = number of desired outcomes number of possible outcomes.
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A and B)

Experimental:
- Experimental probability is conducting an experiment to find the probability
of an outcome occurring.
- As we conduct an experiment more, the relative frequency gets closer to the
actual probability.

Theoretical:
- Theoretical probability is a way of estimating using symmetry.
- It only applies for outcomes that are equally likely.

The probability of flipping a head.

Possible outcomes H, T
Probability of H 1/2

Relative frequency:
- Relative frequency of x = (number of xs obtained so far/number of trials so
far)

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision
Yusef Mohammed UMP

- As we conduct an experiment more, the relative frequency gets closer to the

actual probability.

Listing possible outcomes:

The probability of flipping a head 3 times in a row.
Possible outcomes HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTT, TTH, THT, HTT.
Probability of HHH 1/8 (1/2 1/2 1/2)

Exclusive events:
Events are mutually exclusive events if they cannot occur at the same time. For
example, heads or tails on a coin flip.
P(A and B) = 0
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

The sum of the probabilities of an outcome of an experiment add up to 1.

Mathematics
End of Year Exam Revision