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ï¼åèæç®ï¼
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*2:å注ï¼ã³ã¼ã¹ã®å®çã¨å¤äº¤åé¡ã¨ã®ã¤ãªããã«ã¤ãã¦è¦éããå¾ãã«ã¯ãFriedman (1977) 㨠Cowen (1990) ãåç §ãããæ¦äºã®åå ã«é¢ããä¸è¬çãªè°è«ã¨ãã¦ã¯ãBlainey (1988) ãåç §ããã
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âSimon Wren-Lewis, âJapan’s consumption tax: a test of modern macro?âï¼mainly macro, October 1, 2013ï¼
âKoichi Hamada, âJapan’s Tax-Hike Testâï¼Project Syndicate, October 24, 2013ï¼
âBarry Eichengreen, âJapan rising? Shinzo Abe’s Excellent Adventureï¼pdfï¼âï¼The Milken Institute Review, Fourth Quarter 2013ï¼
âThomas Klitgaard, âJapan's Missing Wall of Moneyâï¼Liberty Street Economics, November 4, 2013ï¼
âPaul Krugman, âPPP and Japanese Inflation Expectations (Extremely Wonkish)âï¼The Conscience of a Liberal, October 27, 2013ï¼
ã¯ã«ã¼ã°ãã³ã¯ã¤ãå æ¥è¡ãããã°ããã®IMFã®ã«ã³ãã¡ã¬ã³ã¹ï¼ã®ä¸ã®ãã³ãã«ï¼ãã¬ãã³ã°è¬æ¼ï¼ã§å ±åãè¡ã£ã¦ããï¼âCurrency Regimes, Capital Flows, and Crisesï¼pdfï¼âï¼ããã®ä¸ã§ã¢ãããã¯ã¹ãã±ã¼ã¹ã¹ã¿ãã£ã¼ã®ä¸ã¤ã¨ãã¦åãä¸ãã¦ããï¼pp.29ãpp.30ï¼ã
âBenjamin R Mandel, âAbenomics and the Yen – Implications of \ Depreciation for Japanese Equities and the Policy’s Successï¼pdfï¼âï¼Citi Research, September 20, 2013ï¼
Mandelæ°ã¯このエントリーï¼ãäºæ³ã¤ã³ãã¬çã測ãæ°ããªææ¨ããæ¥æ¬ã®äºæ³ã¤ã³ãã¬çã®åãã辿ãããï¼ã®å·çè ã®ä¸äººãPPPï¼è³¼è²·å平価ï¼ã®ã¢ã¤ãã¢ã«ä¾æ ããï¼æ¥æ¬ã®ï¼äºæ³ã¤ã³ãã¬çã®æ¨è¨ã«ã¤ãã¦ãï¼æ¯è¼çæè¿ã®ãã¼ã¿ã¾ã§å å³ããä¸ã§ï¼è¨åããã
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âChristina D. Romer, âMonetary Policy in the Post-Crisis World: Lessons Learned and Strategies for the Futureï¼pdfï¼âï¼Sumerlin Lecture, Johns Hopkins University, October 25, 2013ï¼
âKenneth N. Kuttner and Adam S. Posen, âGoal Dependence for Central Banks: Is the Malign View Correct?ï¼pdfï¼âï¼Paper presented at the 14th Jacques Polak Annual Research Conference, Hosted by the International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC., November 7–8, 2013ï¼
âWilliam B. English, J. David López-Salido and Robert J. Tetlow, âThe Federal Reserve’s Framework for Monetary Policy― Recent Changes and New Questionsï¼pdfï¼âï¼Paper presented at the 14th Jacques Polak Annual Research Conference, Hosted by the International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC., November 7–8, 2013ï¼
Abstract
In recent years, the Federal Reserve has made substantial changes to its framework for monetary policymaking by providing greater clarity regarding its objectives, its intentions regarding the use of monetary policyâ including nontraditional policy tools such as forward guidance and asset purchasesâin the pursuit of those objectives, and its broader policy strategy. These changes reflected both a response to changes in economistsâ understanding of the most effective way to implement monetary policy and a response to specific challenges posed by the financial crisis and its aftermath, particularly the effective lower bound on nominal interest rates. We trace the recent evolution of the Federal Reserveâs framework, and use a small-scale macro model and a simple static model to help illuminate the approaches taken with nontraditional monetary policy tools. A number of foreign central banks have made similar innovations in response to similar developments. On balance, the Federal Reserve has moved closer to âflexible inflation targeting,â but the Federal Reserveâs approach differs in important ways from the strict implementation of that paradigm by including a balanced focus on two objectives and the use of a flexible horizon over which policy aims to foster those objectives. Going forward, further changes in central banksâ frameworks may be needed to address issues raised by the financial crisis. For example, some have suggested that the sustained period at the effective lower bound points to the need for central banks to establish a different policy objective, such as a higher inflation target or nominal GDP targeting. We use our small-scale model of the U.S. economy to examine the potential benefits and costs of such changes. We also discuss the broad issue of how central banks should integrate financial stability policy and monetary policy.
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âPaul Krugman, âThe Friedman-Eichengreen Theory of the Great Depressionï¼pdfï¼âï¼March 28, 2009ï¼
âEdward Nelson, âMilton Friedman and the Federal Reserve Chairs, 1951−1979ï¼pdfï¼âï¼October 23, 2013ï¼
Abstract
This paper studies the interactions between Milton Friedman and the three Federal Reserve Chairmen from 1951 to 1979: William McChesney Martin, Arthur Burns, and G. William Miller. Friedman had much praise for monetary policy in the first half of Chairman Martinâs tenure, which covered the immediate post-Accord years of 1951â1960, and singled out the achievement of price stability. Friedman felt, however, that an overemphasis on interest-rate stabilization during the 1950s had led to a money growth pattern that magnified cyclical fluctuations. Friedman had considerable misgivings about the monetary policy of the 1960s, especially once a period of monetary restraint was abandoned in 1967. In the 1970s, both Chairmen Burns and Miller were at odds with Friedman on the issue of the extent to which monetary policy could restore price stability.
David Henderson ãããã«ãã»ã³ã¼ã¹ãããé»æ¿çµæ¸å¦ãã«ç°ãå±ããç·ãã
âDavid R. Henderson, âThe Man Who Resisted ‘Blackboard Economics'âï¼Wall Street Journal, September 4, 2013ï¼
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ï¼å·¦ããæè¨åãã«ããã«ãã»ã³ã¼ã¹ï¼Ronald Coaseï¼ããã³ã«ã³ã»ãã©ãã¯ï¼Duncan Blackï¼ãã¸ã§ã¼ã ã¹ã»ããã£ãã³ï¼James Buchananï¼ãã¸ã§ã¼ã ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¼ã¬ã½ã³ï¼James Fergusonï¼ãã¦ã©ã¬ã³ã»ããã¿ã¼ï¼Warren Nutterï¼ãã´ã¼ãã³ã»ã¿ããã¯ï¼Gordon Tullockï¼ããªã¼ã©ã³ãã»ã¤ã§ã¼ã¬ã¼ï¼Leland Yeagerï¼ã1962å¹´ã«æ®å½±ããããã®ï¼
- ä½è : ããã«ãã»H.ã³ã¼ã¹,Ronald Harry Coase,宮沢å¥ä¸,è¤å£è³æ,å¾è¤æ
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- çºå£²æ¥: 1992/10/01
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- ä½è : ã¢ãããã·ã¥ã»K.ãã£ãã·ãã,Avinash K. Dixit,åæè¡ä¼¸
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Essays on Economics and Economists
- ä½è : R. H. Coase
- åºç社/ã¡ã¼ã«ã¼: University of Chicago Press
- çºå£²æ¥: 1995/09/01
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âPaul Walker, âAn intellectual giant has fallenâï¼Anti-Dismal, September 3, 2013ï¼
For me the most important thing in Coaseâs work is that we see most of the main issues of the modern theory of the firm being raised together for the first time. He sets out to âdiscover why a firm emerges at all in a specialized exchangeâ â a question about the existence of the firm; he also sets out to âstudy the forces which determine the size of the firmâ â an issue to do with the boundaries of the firm; and he inquires into the reasons for âdiminishing returns to managementâ â issues to do with the internal organisation of the firm. It was the efforts to answer these questions that initiated the charge from seeing the theory of the firm as just part of price theory to seeing it as an important topic in its own right. Coase also provides one of the main building block for answers to these issues, the âcosts of using the price mechanismâ or transaction costs.
âPeter Klein, âRonald Coase (1910-2013)âï¼Organizations and Markets, September 3, 2013ï¼
He changed the way economists thought about the business firm, and the way they thought about property rights and liability. He largely introduced the concepts of transaction costs, comparative institutional analysis, and government failure. Not all economist have agreed with his arguments and conceptual frameworks, but they radically changed the terms of debate in the economics of law, welfare, industry, and more. He is the key figure in the ânew institutional economicsâ (and co-founder, and first president, of the International Society for New Institutional Economics).
âEdward Lopez, âRonald Coase (1910-2013): He kept his hands dirtyâï¼Political Entrepreneurs, September 3, 2013ï¼
He is most famous for the âCoase Theorem,â which is fairly easy to grasp at a superficial level but is quite rich and nuanced at deeper levels. For this reason, the idea is often misunderstood. In my view, Deirdre McCloskeyâs short article, âThe So-Called Coase Theoremï¼pdfï¼â is required reading for getting into that depth and nuance. It is also quite polarizing, in characteristic McCloskey form.
His deeper legacy, in my view, will be his method. He always encouraged economists (actually, social scientists more broadly) to âget their hands dirty.â By this he meant that true understanding of human affairs requires getting into the nitty-gritty of human affairs. Put in a different way, Coase understood that people find ways of getting along with each other when itâs worthwhile to do so (which is more often the case than not), and when itâs not worthwhile then a messy, imperfect world is the understandable state of things. Itâs those ways of getting along that should be the social scientistâs primary focus–not the elegant solutions of mathematical models that are too often several steps removed from reality. Nirvana is not an option.
âGeoffrey Manne, âTruth on the Market on Coaseâï¼Truth on the Market, September 2, 2013ï¼
Probably my favorite, and certainly most frequently quoted, of Coaseâs many wise words is thisï¼pdfï¼:
One important result of this preoccupation with the monopoly problem is that if an economist finds somethingâa business practice of one sort or otherâthat he does not understand, he looks for a monopoly explanation. And as in this field we are very ignorant, the number of ununderstandable practices tends to be rather large, and the reliance on a monopoly explanation, frequent.
Of course this, a more generalized statement of the above from The Problem of Social Costï¼pdfï¼, is the essence of his work:
All solutions have costs, and there is no reason to suppose that governmental regulation is called for simply because the problem is not well handled by the market or the firm. Satisfactory views on policy can only come from a patient study of how, in practice, the market, firms and governments handle the problem of harmful effectsâ¦. It is my belief that economists, and policy-makers generally, have tended to over-estimate the advantages which come from governmental regulation. But this belief, even if justified, does not do more than suggest that government regulation should be curtailed. It does not tell us where the boundary line should be drawn. This, it seems to me, has to come from a detailed investigation of the actual results of handling the problem in different ways.
âLaurence Arnold, âRonald Coase, Nobel Winner Who Studied Corporations, Dies at 102âï¼Bloomberg, September 3, 2013ï¼
âKevin Bryan, âOn Coase's Two Famous Theoremsâï¼A Fine Theorem, September 3, 2013ï¼
âRichard Epstein, âRonald Coase: One of a Kindâï¼Ricochet, September 2, 2013ï¼
âPeter Boettke, âRonald Coase and Comparative Institutional Analysisâï¼Coordination Problem, September 3, 2013ï¼
âJohn B. Taylor, âTeaching about Ronald Coase and Private Remedies in Economics 1âï¼Economics One, September 3, 2013ï¼
âSandeep Baliga, âRonald Coaseâï¼Cheap Talk, September 3, 2013ï¼
âJonathan H. Adler, âCoase on Externalitiesâï¼The Volokh Conspiracy, September 2, 2013ï¼
âLarry Downes, âRemembering Ronald Coaseâï¼HBR Blog Network, September 3, 2013ï¼
âJacob Goldstein, âThe Nobel Laureate Who Figured Out How To Deal With Annoying Peopleâï¼Planet Money, September 3, 2013ï¼
âJohn Cassidy, âRonald Coase and the Misuse of Economicsâï¼Rational Irrationality, September 3, 2013ï¼
âMike Konczal, âHow Ronald Coase Demolished Current Libertarian Ideas About Propertyâï¼Rortybomb, September 3, 2013ï¼
âDylan Matthews, âRonald Coase is dead. Here are five of his papers you need to read.âï¼Wonkblog, September 3, 2013ï¼
âDavid Henderson, âThe Man Who Resisted 'Blackboard Economics'âï¼Wall Street Journal, September 4, 2013ï¼æ訳ã¯こちらï¼
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