Nigeria w1 locatortutar najeriyamanuniyar najeriyababban birnin najeriyacrisis a najeriyaSojan Nigeria
Najeriya; (/nadʒɪəriyə/) ko Nijeriya (/niˈdʒɪəriyə/) da (turanci: Nigeria) :A Gwamnatance Tarayyar Najeriya ƙasa ce da take a Afirkata yamma. Tana da iyaka da kasar Nijar daga Arewa, da Chadi daga Arewa maso gabas da Kamaru daga gabas da Benin daga yamma, daga kudanci kuma tana a gaɓar Tekun Atlantika. Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya ta ƙunshi Jihohi guda (36) tare da Babban Birnin Tarayya Abuja inda fadar shugaban ƙasar wato "villa" take.[1][2][3]
Najeriya ta kasance gida da dama ga ƴan asalin turawa masu mulkin mallaka, jihohin da suka mallaka tunda (BC) tare da Nok Wayewa ta kasance ita ce karo na farko da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara mallakewa a Yammacin Africa a cikin ƙarni na sha biyar (15). A zamani jihar an samo asali da Birtaniya a cikin karni na sha tara (19) yana ɗaukar yanayin na yanzu tare da haɗe yankin KudancinNajeriya da kuma kare Arewacin Najeriya a cikin shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da goma sha huɗu (1914) ta Lord Lugard. Ingilishi ya kafa tsarin gudanarwa da na doka yayin aiwatar da mulkin kai tsaye ta hanyar shugabannin gargajiya.[5] Najeriya, ta zama ƙasar tarayyar da ke da ƴanci kai tsaye a ranar (1 )ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin (1960). Ta fuskanci yaƙin basasa daga shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da sittin da bakwai (1967 ) zuwa shekarar dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da saba'in da bakwai (1977). Sannan a biyo bayan zaɓaɓɓun gwamnatocin farar hula da mulkin kama-karya na soja, har sai an sami tabbatacciyar dimokuraɗiyya a shekara ta alif dari tara da chasa'in da tara (1999) zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekara ta (2015) shi ne karo na farko da shugaban ƙasa mai ci ya faɗi zaɓensa. [6][7]
Najeriya; ƙasa ce mai yawan al’umma da ke zaune sama da ƙabilu guda ɗari biyu, da hamsin (250) waɗanda ke magana da yarurruka daban daban guda ɗari biyar (500) dukkansu suna ɗauke da al'adu iri daban daban. Manyan ƙabilun guda uku su ne; Hausa – Fulani a Arewa, Yarbawa a Yamma, da kuma Igbo a gabas, waɗanda suka hada da kashi (60%) na yawan mutanen. Yaren hukuma shi ne Ingilishi, wanda aka zaɓa don sauƙaƙe haɗin harshe a matakin ƙasa. Tsarin mulkin Nijeriya ya tabbatar da ƴancin yin addini kuma ƙasa ce dake ɗauke da al’ummar musulmai da kirista, a lokaci guda. Najeriya ta kasu kashi biyu tsakanin musulmai, waɗanda yawanci ke zaune a arewacin ƙasar, da kuma kiristoci, waɗanda yawanci ke zaune a kudancin ƙasar, tare da ƴan tsirarun da ke yin addinin asali, kamar waɗanda ke cikin ƙabilar Igbo da kuma yarbawa.[8][9]
Bola Ahmed Tinubu shugaban kasar na yanzu
Najeriya ,ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan mutane a Afirka kuma ƙasa ta bakwai mafi yawan mutane a duniya, tare da kimanin mutane miliyan ɗari biyu da shida (2,00,000,006). Tattalin arzikinta shine mafi girma a Afirka, kuma shi ne na ashirin da shida (26) mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar GDP maras faɗi, kuma na ashirin da biyar (25), mafi girma daga PPP. Najeriya galibi ana ƙiranta da "Giant of Africa", ma'ana ƙarfin Afrika saboda yawan jama'a da tattalin arziƙinta, kuma bankin duniya yana dauƙarta a matsayin kasuwa mai tasowa. Karamar yanki ce a cikin Afirka, matsakaiciyar ƙarfi a cikin al'amuran ƙasa da ƙasa, sannan kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi yawan al’umma a duniya. Koyaya ƙasar tana ƙasa sosai a cikin jerin ƙasashen duniya, kuma har yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu rashawa a duniya. Najeriya memba ce ta kafuwar tarayyar Afirka, kuma memba ce a ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Yammacin Africa (ECOWAS) ƙungiyar ƙasashe masu arziƙin man fetur, (OPEC) kuma memba ce na yau da kullum a gamayyar MINT, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe goma sha ɗaya masu tashen ƙaruwan tattalin arziƙi wato "Next Eleven".[10]
Sunan Nijeriya an dauke shi daga Kogin Neja wanda ya ratsa kasar. Wannan sunan ya samo asali ne a ranar takwas (8), ga watan Janairun shekara ta (1897) dan jaridar Ingila Flora Shaw, wanda daga baya ya auri Lord Lugard, mai kula da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Nijar da ke makwabtaka da ita sun samo sunan daga wannan kogin. Asalin sunan Nijar, wanda asali ana amfani da shi ne kawai zuwa tsakiyar Kogin Neja, ba tabbas. Watakila kalmar ta canza sunan Tuaregegerew n-iger ewen da mazauna ke amfani da shi a tsakiyar kogin da ke kusa da Timbuktu kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai na karni na (19). [11][12]
Babban Bankin Nigeria.Shugaban kasan najeriya(bola ahmad tinubu)
Tarihi, ya nuna cewar Nijeriya dadaddar kasa ce, kuma tarihi yanuna kasar na nan tun a shekara ta (500), kafin haihuwar Yesu Almasihu wato Annabi Isah (A.S) a wannan lokaci suka samata suna Kasar Hausa . Addinin musulunci ya shiga Kasar Hausa ne tun a karni na goma sha uku (13) miladiya. a karshen karni na goma sha daya (11) zuwa tsakiyar karni na goma sha hudu (14) miladiya. Kanem Barno suka mamaye Kasar Hausa, kuma Fulani sun mamaye Kasar Hausa a farkon karni na goma sha tara (19) miladiya har zuwan Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka mamaye Lagos a shekara ta (1881) miladiya, ana cikin Yakin duniya na farko sai Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka karo sojojin ruwa saboda suna tsoran Jamusawa da ke Kamaru kada sumamaye Najeriya, amma mulkin Najeriya na farko a hannun Turawan Purtgal. A shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da tamanin da
biyar (1885) sai Turawan Birtaniya suka mamaye duk fadin Nijeria har zuwa 01, ga oktoba, 1960. Nijeriya ta samu yancin kanta daga Turawan Biritaniya.
A shekara ta (1966) zuwa shekara ta (1979) sojoji ne ke da ikon a kan kasar, a shekara ta (1979) a ka yi tsari wanda ya bawa talakawa ikon zaben gwamna. A shekara ta (1983) sojoji suka rushe wannan tsarin da juyin mulki har zuwa shekara ta (1998) bayan rasuwar Sani Abacha, sai aka dawo da tsarin mulki na dimokaradiya aka bawa talakawa ikon zaben shugaban da suke so, a shekara ta (1999) aka yi zabe a kasa.Obasanjo ya lashe zabe ya zama shugaban kasa na farko wanda talaka suka zaba, ya hau karo na biyu har zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai (2007 )a wannan shekara aka yi zabe, Umaru Yar'Aduwa ya lashe shi ne shugaban kasa a shekarar ta dubu biyu da sha daya (2011). Dukkansu sun fito daga jam'iyya daya ne, wato (jam'iyyar PDP). Umaru musa gyar'aduwa ya rasu a shekara ta dubu biyu da tara (2009) matemakin sa Jonathan ebele goodluck , ya cigaba da Mulki zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da sha days (2011). A yayin da a kayi zabe yalashe yacigaba da Mulki harzuwa she Kara ta dubu biyu da sha biyar (2015) yayin da a kayi zabe ta dubu biyu da sha biyar (2015) shugaban kasa wato General Muhammad Buhari yalashe zabe. Bayan shekara Tara wato yadda dimokiradiya ta tanadar ya sauka daga gadan Mulki she Kara ta dubu biyu da (2023), yabaiwa dan jam'iyarasa wato Bola Ahmad Tunubu Wanda yanzu shiyake rike da mulkin kasar Najeriya.[1]
Manyan yarika a Najeriya sune guda uku kamar haka: Harshen Hausa da Yarbanci da Inyamuranci, yaren Fulatanci ma yana daya daga cikin manyan yaruka a Najeriya.
Yarabawa ;Sun kasance na biyu a wayanda suka fi kowa yawa a cikin kasar Najeriya, suna zaune a garuruwa irin su, Legas da, Ondo da Oyo, da Osun da Kwara da kuma Kogi.
Taron yarabawa a wani yanki a kasar yoruba , sun sanya irin na kayan su na yarbawa.