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失

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 先, 矢, and 夫
失 U+5931, 失
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5931
← 夰
[U+5930] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夲 →
[U+5932]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

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失 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹手人 (HQO), four-corner 25030, composition ⿰丿夫 or ⿻𠂉大)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 508, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 525, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5931

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 失

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 失
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (失) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
眣 *ʔr'aːd, *l'iːɡ, *l̥ʰiɡ
蛈 *l̥ʰiːɡ
迭 *l'iːɡ
跌 *l'iːɡ
瓞 *l'iːɡ
昳 *l'iːɡ
胅 *l'iːɡ
軼 *l'iːɡ, *liɡ
苵 *l'iːɡ
镻 *l'iːɡ
詄 *l'iːɡ
泆 *l'iːɡ, *liɡ
趃 *l'iːɡ
柣 *sl̥ʰiːɡ, *l'iɡ
抶 *l̥ʰiɡ
秩 *l'iɡ
帙 *l'iɡ
紩 *l'iɡ
袠 *l'iɡ
翐 *l'iɡ
妷 *l'iɡ
失 *hliɡ
佚 *liɡ
劮 *liɡ

Pictogram (象形) depicting a footprint of someone that has fallen surrounded by drops of blood (Ji Xusheng, 2004).

Alternatively, according to Shuowen, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 手 + 乙 — something falling from a hand (手). However, the original form doesn't show any hand.

Etymology

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Cognate with 佚 (OC *liɡ, “to escape; to lose”), 逸 (OC *lid, “to escape; at ease”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Cogtse Situ [Term?] (ka-ʃlə̂k, “to fall (from hand)”), Japhug ɕlɯɣ (“to fall; to slip”) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Note also Thai เล็ดลอด (lét-lɔ̂ɔt, “to sneak; to escape by stealth”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation 1

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Note: sêg4 - Jieyang.
Note:
  • she6 - vernacular;
  • shr6 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 失
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 書 (26)
    Final (韻) 質 (48)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 式質切
    Baxter syit
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɕiɪt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɕit̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɕjet̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɕit̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɕiĕt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɕĭĕt̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɕi̯ĕt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sat1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 失
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ syit ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l̥i[t]/
    English lose

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 失
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11426
    Phonetic
    component         		失
    Rime
    group         		質
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		失
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hliɡ/

    Definitions

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    失

    1. to lose; to lose track of; to mislay
    2. to fail; to not succeed
    3. to breach; to violate
    4. to neglect; to miss
    5. mistake; fault; wrongdoing
    6. 75th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "failure" (𝍐)

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 2

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    Definitions

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    失

    1. Alternative form of 逸 (yì, “to flee; to run away”)
    2. Alternative form of 佚 (“to ignore; indulgent”)

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    失

    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. mistake, disadvantage
    2. loss, lose

    Readings

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    Korean

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    Hanja

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    失 (eumhun 잃을 실 (ireul sil))

    1. hanja form? of 실 (“loss”)

    Compounds

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    失: Hán Nôm readings: thất, thắt

    Verb

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    失 • (thất)

    1. chữ Hán form of thất.
      1. to lose something
      2. to make a mistake; to blunder; to contravene; to infringe; to violate
      3. to miss
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