失礼
Appearance
See also: 失禮
Chinese
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 失礼 – see 失禮 (“to lack manners; to be impolite; to breach etiquette; I'm sorry; excuse me”). (This term is the simplified form of 失禮). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
失 | 礼 |
しつ Grade: 4 |
れい Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
失禮 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]Probably from Middle Chinese compound 失禮/失礼 (syit lejX, literally “lose, loss + propriety”). Compare modern Min Nan reading sit-lé.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]失礼 • (shitsurei) -na (adnominal 失礼な (shitsurei na), adverbial 失礼に (shitsurei ni))
- rude, impolite, ill-mannered
- 失礼な人。
- Shitsurei na hito.
- A rude person.
- そういう言い方は失礼だ。
- Sō iu iikata wa shitsurei da.
- It's impolite to say it like that.
- 失礼ですが。
- Shitsurei desu ga.
- It's a rudeness, but... → I don't mean to be rude, but...
- 失礼な人。
Synonyms
[edit]- 無礼 (burei)
Noun
[edit]- rudeness, impoliteness
- 失礼ですが。
- Shitsurei desu ga.
- It's a rudeness, but... → I don't mean to be rude, but...
- 失礼ですが。
Synonyms
[edit]- 無礼 (burei)
Interjection
[edit]Verb
[edit]失礼する • (shitsurei suru) suru (stem 失礼し (shitsurei shi), past 失礼した (shitsurei shita))
Usage notes
[edit]Used idiomatically to mean excuse me or I'm sorry. Examples include:
- 失礼しました。
- Shitsurei shimashita.
- I was rude → I'm sorry. (in reference to a past action)
- では、失礼します。
- De wa, shitsurei shimasu.
- I will be rude → Excuse me (said at the end of a phone call just before hanging up)
- お先に失礼します。
- O-saki ni shitsurei shimasu.
- I will be rude by doing something first → Excuse me, I'm leaving now. (before other people leave)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "失礼する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 失礼し | しつれいし | shitsurei shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 失礼し | しつれいし | shitsurei shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 失礼する | しつれいする | shitsurei suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 失礼する | しつれいする | shitsurei suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 失礼すれ | しつれいすれ | shitsurei sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 失礼せよ¹ 失礼しろ² |
しつれいせよ¹ しつれいしろ² |
shitsurei seyo¹ shitsurei shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 失礼される | しつれいされる | shitsurei sareru | |
Causative | 失礼させる 失礼さす |
しつれいさせる しつれいさす |
shitsurei saseru shitsurei sasu | |
Potential | 失礼できる | しつれいできる | shitsurei dekiru | |
Volitional | 失礼しよう | しつれいしよう | shitsurei shiyō | |
Negative | 失礼しない | しつれいしない | shitsurei shinai | |
Negative continuative | 失礼せず | しつれいせず | shitsurei sezu | |
Formal | 失礼します | しつれいします | shitsurei shimasu | |
Perfective | 失礼した | しつれいした | shitsurei shita | |
Conjunctive | 失礼して | しつれいして | shitsurei shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 失礼すれば | しつれいすれば | shitsurei sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
See also
[edit]- 失礼します (shitsurei shimasu)
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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