貿ææ¥åã¯ã大ããåãã¦ç©ºè¼¸ã¨æµ·ä¸è¼¸éã®2ã¤ã«åããäºãã§ãã¾ãã ä»åã¯ã大æåä¼ãè¡ã£ã¦ããæµ·ä¸è¼¸éã§ã®è²¿ææ¥åã«ãã©ã¼ã«ã¹ãã¦ã説æãããã¾ãã 主ãªæ¥åã¨ãã¾ãã¦ã¯ãæµ·å¤åå¼å ã¨ã®å¥ç´ï½è¼¸éï½æ¯æï¼æ±ºæ¸ï¼ã«é¢ãã¦ãä¸é£ã®æµãã¯ã以ä¸ã®éãã§ãã å¥ç´ æµ·å¤ã®ä¼æ¥ã¨åå¼ãå§ããã«ããã£ã¦ãå¥ç´ãç· çµãã¾ãã å¥ç´ã®å 容ã«ã¯ãç´æãçç£ãããæ°ãä¾¡æ ¼ãæ¯ææ¡ä»¶ãªã©ãå«ã¾ãã¦ãã¾ãã è¹ç©ï¼ãµãªã¥ã¿ï¼ 貨ç©ãã³ã³ããè¹ã«è¼ãããã¨ãè¹ç©ã¨è¨ãã¾ãã è·é人ã¯ãäºåã«æ¬è¹ã¸ã®ç©è¼ãäºç´ããè·å人ã«è¹åãVoyage No.ï¼èªæµ·çªå·ï¼ãé£çµ¡ããäºã§ãè·å人ã¯è²¨ç©ã®å¼åãã®äºå®ãç«ã¦ããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã éé¢ è·ç©ã¿åãåã³è·æãå¾ã«ç¨é¢ã«å¯¾ãã¦è¡ãæç¶ãã§ãã輸åºå ¥ã®è¨±å¯ãå¾ããã¨ã§è²¨ç©ãå¼ãåãäºãã§ãã¾ãã å°ãéé¢æ¥åãè¡ããã®ã¯ãå½å®¶è©¦é¨ã§ããéé¢å£«ã®è³æ ¼ãæã¤è ã§ãã å¼å è¼¸å ¥è¨±
ãå ±åæµ·æãã¨ããè¨èããåãã§ããããã å ±åæµ·æã¨ã¯ãæµ·ä¸è²¿æåå¼ã®ä¸çã«ããç¬ç¹ã®å¶åº¦ã§ãããªãè¤éãªä»çµã¿ã®ãã®ã§ããã貿æãå¶ãä¸çä¸ã®äººã ã«ã¨ã£ã¦æ±ºãã¦ç¡ç¸ãªãã®ã§ã¯ããã¾ãããããã§ã¯ããç°¡åã«ããå ±åæµ·æã®ã¤ãããã«ã¤ãã¦èª¬æãã¾ãããã è¹è¶ãèªæµ·ä¸ã«åº§ç¤ã»è¡çªã»ç«ç½ãªã©ã®å±éºãªæµ·é£äºæ ã«éã£ãã¨ãã¾ãããã®å ´åãå±éºãªç¶æ ã«ããã®ã¯è¹è¶ã ãã§ã¯ãªãããã®è¹è¶ã«ç©è¼ããã貨ç©ãåãã§ãã ãã®ãããªç¶æ ããè¹è¶ã¨è²¨ç©ãå ±åã®å±éºã«ãããããç¶æ ãã¨å¼ã³ã¾ããããã®ãããªç¶æ ããè±åºããããã«ãè¹é·ã®å¤æã§ç·æ¥å¦ç½®ãã¨ããã¨ãããã¾ãã ç·æ¥å¦ç½®ã¨ããã®ã¯ããã¨ãã°åº§ç¤ããè¹è¶ãæµ®ãããããã«è²¨ç©ã®ä¸é¨ãæµ·ã«æãæ¨ã¦ãããããã§ãæµ®ããªãã¨ãã¯æå©è¹ãå¼ã³å¯ããã¨ãã£ããããªãã¨ã§ãã ãã®ãããªç·æ¥å¦ç½®ã«ã¯å¿ ããä½ããã®ãç©ã®æ害ãããè²»ç¨ã®æ¯åºããä¼´ãã¾ãããããã¯äºæ
æ¬è¨äºã§ã¯ãæµ·ä¸è¼¸éã®åºç¤ç¥èã¨ãã¦ãã³ã³ããã¤ã¼ããã³ã³ããã¿ã¼ããã«ã«ã¤ãã¦è§£èª¬ãã¾ãã ã³ã³ããã®ä¿ç®¡ãç©ã¿æ¿ããéé¢æç¶ããªã©ãæµ·ä¸è¼¸éã«ãããéè¦ãªãã¤ã³ããç解ãããã¨ã§ã貿ææ¥çãç©æµæ¥çã§ã®æ¥åãããã¹ã ã¼ãºã«é²ããããããã«ãªãã§ãããã Shippioã¯å½é輸éãæé ãããã¸ã¿ã«ãã©ã¯ã¼ãã¼ã§ããéé¢ã輸éã«é¢ãã¦ä½ãæ°ã«ãªãç¹ãããã¾ãããããæ°è»½ã«ãåãåãã/è³æè«æ±ãã ããã æµ·ä¸è¼¸éã®åºç¤ç¥èï½å½é輸éã®ãã¬ã¤ã¤ã¼ã¨è¼¸éè²»ã®é¢ä¿æ§ å½é輸éã«ã¯å¤§ããåãã¦ãï¼ã¤ã®ãã¬ã¤ã¤ã¼ããã¾ãã 貨ç©ãåããããè·ä¸»ï¼Shipperï¼ è²¨ç©ã®è¼¸éãæé ãããã©ã¯ã¼ãã¼ï¼Forwarderï¼ è²¨ç©ãå®éã«åããè¹ä¼ç¤¾ï¼Carrierï¼ ããã§ãè·ä¸»ãè¹ä¼ç¤¾ã«ç´æ¥ä¾é ¼ããã°ããã¨èããæ¹ãããã£ãããããããã¾ããããè¹ä¼ç¤¾ã¯éèªãã¦ããåºéã®ã³ã³ããã¹ãã¼ã¹ãã§ããã ãå¤ã
ãå½éæµ·ä¸ç©åééæ³ãã¯ãããå½ã¨å¤å½ã¨ãå¾æ¥ããæµ·ä¸ééã®ééå¥ç´ãé©ç¨ç¯å²ã¨ããæ³å¾ã§ããå¶å®ã®èæ¯ã«ã¯é·å¹´ã«ããã£ã¦è¡ããã¦ããè¹ä¸»è²¬ä»»ã«é¢ããå 責ç´æ¬¾ããããå½éæ¡ç´ã®å½¢æãããã¾ãã I. å½éæµ·ä¸ç©åééæ³ã¨å½éã«ã¼ã«ã¨ã®é¢ä¿ 1924å¹´8æ24æ¥ããè¹è·è¨¼å¸çµ±ä¸æ¡ç´ãï¼è¹è·è¨¼å¸ã«é¢ããããè¦åã®çµ±ä¸ã®ããã®å½éæ¡ç´ï¼ããããããã¼ã°ã»ã«ã¼ã«ãæç«ãã主è¦æµ·éå½ã¯ããã«å¯¾å¿ããå½å æ³ãå¶å®ãã¾ããã ãã®å¾1968å¹´2æ23æ¥ããã¼ã°ã»ã«ã¼ã«ã®æ¹æ£è°å®æ¸ï¼the Hague-Visby Rulesããã¼ã°ã»ã´ã£ã¹ãã¼ã»ã«ã¼ã«ï¼ãå¶å®ããã¾ãããããå½ã¯1992å¹´3æ13æ¥ã«åè°å®æ¸ã«ç½²åãã6æ1æ¥ã«æ§æ¡ç´ã®å»æ£ãéåãã¦ãã®æ°ããå½éæ¡ç´ãæ¹åãã¾ããã ã¾ããåå¹´6æ3æ¥ã«ãã®ãã¼ã°ã»ã´ã£ã¹ãã¼ã»ã«ã¼ã«ããå½éæµ·ä¸ç©åééæ³ãã«åæ ããããããå½éæµ·ä¸ç©åééæ³ã®ä¸é¨ãæ¹æ£
貿æåå¼ã®è¼¸åºæç¶ãã®æµãã®ä¸ã«ã¯ãæ¸é¡ãæ å ±ã®æµããè¤éãªã±ã¼ã¹ãããã¤ãããã¾ãã貿æåå¼ã§ã¯ãéé¢æ¥è ãç¨é¢ãªã©ããã¾ãã¾ãªè²¿æé¢ä¿è ã絡ãã§ããã®ã§ãè¤éã«ãªãã®ãå½ç¶ã®ãã¨ãããã§ä»åã¯ããB/Lï¼è¹è·è¨¼å¸ï¼å ¥æã®æµããã«ã¤ãã¦ãç´¹ä»ãã¾ãããã ãB/Lï¼è¹è·è¨¼å¸ï¼ãã¯ããã©ã¯ã¼ãã¼ãè¹ä¼ç¤¾ã«çºè¡ãä¾é ¼ãã輸åºè ã«çºè¡ããã B/Lï¼Bill of Ladingï¼è¹è·è¨¼å¸)ã¯ãè¹ä¼ç¤¾ãçºè¡ãããã®ã§ãããã©ããã£ã¦çºè¡ããã¦ããã®ããå ·ä½çã«ãã®æµããã説æãã¦ããã¾ãã ã¡ãªã¿ã«ãå社ã貿æä¼ç¤¾ã®å ´åã輸åºéé¢æ¥åãè¹ç©ã¿æ¥åã¨åæ§ã«ãB/Lçºè¡ã«é¢ããæç¶ãããã©ã¯ã¼ãã¼ã«ä»£è¡ãã¦ãããã±ã¼ã¹ãã»ã¨ãã©ã貿æäºåã®æ¥åã§ãè¹ä¼ç¤¾ã«ç´æ¥B/Lçºè¡ãä¾é ¼ãããã¨ã¯ã¾ãããã¾ããããããã貿æäºåè·ã®æ¹ã¯ãã©ã®ãããªæµãã§B/Lãçºè¡ããã¦ããã®ãã¯ããã²ç¥ã£ã¦ããã¾ãããã ã§
æ¨ä»ã®è²¿æåå¼ã«ãããæµ·ä¸è¼¸éã®ä»£è¡¨çãªæ段ã¨ããã°ãã³ã³ãã輸éãã§ãããã³ã³ããè¹ä»¥åã«ä¸»æµã ã£ããå¨æ¥è¹ï¼å¨æ¥å貨ç©è¹ï¼ãã§è¼¸éããã±ã¼ã¹ãããã¾ããããã§ä»åã¯ãå¨æ¥è¹ã¨ã³ã³ããè¹ã®éãããå¨æ¥è¹ã®è¹ç©ã¿ã»å¼ãåãã®æµãã«ã¤ãã¦ãç´¹ä»ãã¾ãã å¨æ¥è¹ã«ãã輸éã¨ãã³ã³ãã輸éã¯ç°ãªã ã³ã³ãã輸éã¯ã貨ç©ãå°ç¨ã®ã³ã³ããã«ç©ã¿è¾¼ãã§éã¶æ¹æ³ã§ãããã ãã³ã³ããã»ã¿ã¼ããã«ã®è¨åãæ´ã£ã¦ããªã港ã¸è¼¸åºããå ´åããã³ã³ããã«å ¥ããªãå½¢ç¶ã»ãµã¤ãºã®è²¨ç©ã輸åºããå ´åã«ã¯ãå¨æ¥è¹ãå©ç¨ããã¦ãã¾ãã å¨æ¥è¹ã¸ã®è¹ç©ã¿ã»å¼ãåãã¯ãã³ã³ããè¹ã®å ´åã¨ç°ãªããããã³ã³ãã輸éã®æç¶ãã¨ã¯å¥ç©ã¨ãã¦æãã¦ããã¾ããããããããã貨ç©ãè¹ã«ä¹ãã¦è¼¸éãããã¨ããç¹ã§ã¯å ±éã§ãããããæµãèªä½ã¯ä¼¼ã¦ãã¾ãã ã§ã¯ãå ·ä½çã«å¨æ¥è¹è²¨ç©ã®è¼¸åºå°ã»è¼¸å ¥å°ã§ã®æµããã説æãã¾ãã ãªãã貿æä¼ç¤¾ãå社ã®è²¿æ
ãããããè¹ä¼ç¤¾ãèªç¤¾ã®æå®ããä¿ç¨å°åã«æ¬å ¥ããã貨ç©ã®åå証ã¨ãã¦çºè¡ããæ¸é¡ã§ãã ããã¯ã»ã¬ã·ã¼ãï¼Dock Receipt: D/Rï¼ã¯ã³ã³ãã貨ç©ãè¹ä¼ç¤¾ã®ã³ã³ããã»ã¤ã¼ãã«æ¬å ¥ãããæã«çºè¡ããã¾ãã ã¡ã¼ãã»ã¬ã·ã¼ãï¼Mate's Receipt: M/Rï¼ã¯å¨æ¥è¹ï¼Conventional Vessel, æµ·ä¸ã³ã³ãããå©ç¨ããè¹åã«è²¨ç©ãç©ã¿è¾¼ãã§ééããæ§æ¥åã®è²¨ç©è¹ï¼ã«ç©è¼ãããæã«çºè¡ããã¾ãã I. ããã¯ã»ã¬ã·ã¼ãï¼Dock Receipt: D/Rï¼ ã³ã³ããåä½ã®æµ·ä¸ééï¼Full Container Load: FCLï¼ã§ã¯ãè·é人ï¼Shipperï¼ãè¹ä¼ç¤¾ããåããã³ã³ããã«è²¨ç©ãè©°ããã³ã³ããã»ã¤ã¼ãã¾ã§éãã§è¹ä¼ç¤¾ã«å¼ã渡ãã¾ããè·é人ã¯ãããããããã¯ã»ã¬ã·ã¼ãç¨ç´ã«å¿ è¦äºé ãè¨è¼ãã¦ã³ã³ããã»ã¤ã¼ãæ¬å ¥æã«è¹ä¼ç¤¾ã«æåºï¼ãããã¯äºåã«FAXéä¿¡
ã©ã³ãã³ã°
ã©ã³ãã³ã°
ã©ã³ãã³ã°
ãªãªã¼ã¹ãé害æ å ±ãªã©ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ã®ãç¥ãã
ææ°ã®äººæ°ã¨ã³ããªã¼ã®é ä¿¡
å¦çãå®è¡ä¸ã§ã
j次ã®ããã¯ãã¼ã¯
kåã®ããã¯ãã¼ã¯
lãã¨ã§èªã
eã³ã¡ã³ãä¸è¦§ãéã
oãã¼ã¸ãéã
{{#tags}}- {{label}}
{{/tags}}