ãããªã¹ã¯ã«ã¤ãã¦é©åã«å¤æããããã«ã¯ãå¤å½èªã§èããã¨ãããããããªãã
ç±³å½ã¨éå½ã®è¢«é¨è 300人ä½ãã対象ã«ããå®é¨ã«ãã£ã¦ã第äºè¨èªã§ãã®ãèããã¨ã人éã®æèã«æ·±ãæ ¹ä»ãã¦ãã¦ãæå¾ã®å¤æãªã©ã誤ãããå¿ççå¾åãå¼±ã¾ããã¨ãæããã«ãªã£ãã®ã ã
4æ18æ¥ä»ãã®ãPsychological Scienceãã«æ²è¼ããã¦ããè«æã«ã¯ã次ã®ããã«æ¸ããã¦ããããç´è¦³çã«èããã¨ã使ãè¨èªã«ãããããåãå¤æãè¡ãããããããã¯ãå¤å½èªã§èããã»ããããä½ç³»çã§ãªãå¤æããã¦ãã¾ãããã«æãããããå®éã«ã¯ãã®å対ãæ£ãããã¤ã¾ããå¤å½èªã使ãã¨ãææ決å®ãããã¨ãã®ãã¤ã¢ã¹ãæ¸å°ããã®ã ã
å¿çå¦ã«ããã¦ã人éã®å¤æã¯ã2ã¤ã®ç°ãªãæèæ³ã«ãã£ã¦å°ãåºãããã¨èãããã¦ãããã²ã¨ã¤ã¯ãä½ç³»çã»åæçã§ãé«åº¦ã«èªç¥çãªæèæ³ãããã²ã¨ã¤ã¯ãææ©ãç¡æèçã§ãææ çãªæèæ³ã ã
[äºééç¨çè«ã¨å¼ã°ããé·æçãªå©çãåæ¡ãããã¨ãã§ã主ã«å¤§è³æ°ç®è³ªã«å¸ããã¦ãããçæ§çã·ã¹ãã ãã¨ãå³åº§ã«åãçæçãªå©çï¼ä¸»ã«çåã»ç¹æ®ï¼ã«é¢ãã主ã«å¤§è³è¾ºç¸ç³»ã«å¸ããã¦ãããæ åã·ã¹ãã ãã®ä¸¡æ¹ããå¤æãææ決å®ã«é¢ãã£ã¦ããã¨ããã]
ããã«ç §ããåãããã¨ãæ¯å½èªã§ãªããç¡æèã«ã¯ä½¿ãããªããªãè¨èªã§æèãããã¨ã¯ãèªç¥çã«è² è·ã®ãããè¡çºã§ãããè³ã®å¦çè½åã奪ãããããããã®ãããªå ´åã«ã¯ãææ©ãç絡çãªæãã¤ãã«é ¼ãå¾åãå¼·ããªãããã«æãããã
ããããã®ä¸æ¹ã§ãå¾ããç¿å¾ãããè¨èªã使ãã¨ãã«ã¯ãç©äºããã£ããèããæ å¢ã«ãªãããããã¾ãå½ã¦ã«ãªããªãç´æã«é ¼ãå¾åã¯ããã£ã¦å¼±ã¾ãã¨ãèãããããã¡ããåãããã妥å½æ§ãããããã ãæ¯å½èªã§ãªãè¨èªã§ã¯ãææ çãªè¨èã«å¯¾ãã¦å³åº§ã«ææ çãªåå¿ãå¼ãèµ·ããããªãã¨ããç 究çµæããããæ éãªæèããªãããå¯è½æ§ãããã«ç¤ºåãã¦ããã
ããããã®å¯è½æ§ãæ¤è¨¼ããã¹ããã·ã«ã´å¤§å¦ã®ãã¢ãºã»ã±ã¤ãµã¼ãçããç 究ãã¼ã ã¯ãå¿çå¦è ããã¨ã«ã»ã«ã¼ããã³ãæ³å®ããã·ããªãªãåºã«ãæ°ç¨®é¡ã®ãã¹ããèæ¡ãããã«ã¼ããã³æ°ã¯ã人éããªã¹ã¯ãããã«ç´æçã«èªèããããè¨è¿°ããããã¹ãã¯ãçè«ã«ãã£ã¦ã2002å¹´ã®ãã¼ãã«çµæ¸å¦è³ãåè³ãã¦ããã
ã«ã¼ããã³æ°ãè¡ã£ãæåãªå®é¨ã«ã次ã®ãããªãã®ããããã600人ã®ãã¡200人ã®å½ãå©ããéãã¨ãã600äººå ¨å¡ãå©ãããããããªãã°å ¨å¡ãå©ãããªããã®ã©ã¡ããã§ããéããããã¨ããããã©ã¡ããé¸ã¶ãã¨ããé¸æè¢ãæ示ãããã®ã ã
ãã®å ´åãåè ã®200人ãæãéãé¸ã¶äººãå¤ããã¨ããããåãåé¡ãããå½ãå©ãããã¨ãã代ããã«ãå½ã失ããããã¨è¡¨ç¾ããå ´åãã確å®ã«400人ã®å½ã失ãããéããããããå ¨ãç¡ããã®ãã£ã³ã¹ã«è³ãã人ã®ã»ããã¯ããã«å¤ããªãã
è¦ããã«äººéã¯ããã¨ããããæ¬è³ªçã«ã¯åãå 容ã®é¸æè¢ã§ãã£ã¦ãããå©çããèããå ´åã«ã¯ãªã¹ã¯ãé¿ããã»ããé¸ã³ããæ失ããçªãã¤ããããã¨ãªã¹ã¯ãã¨ããããå¾åãæ¬è½çã«æã£ã¦ããã®ã ãããã¯æ¬è½ã¬ãã«ã®å¾åã§ãããããããã第äºè¨èªãä½ç³»çãªæèãå¼±ããã®ã ã¨ãããããã®å¾åã¯å¼·ã¾ãã¯ãã ã¨ãã±ã¤ãµã¼æ°ã®ãã¼ã ã¯äºæ³ãããå対ã«ã第äºè¨èªãæèãä¿é²ããã®ã ã¨ãããããã®å¾åã¯å¼±ã¾ãã¯ãã ã
æåã®å®é¨ã¯ã第äºè¨èªã¨ãã¦æ¥æ¬èªãå¦ãã ç±³å½äººå¦ç121åã対象ã«è¡ããããå½¼ãã¯ãè±èªã§æ示ããã°ã«ã¼ãã¨ãæ¥æ¬èªã§æ示ããã°ã«ã¼ãã«åããããããã§ã次ã®ãããªé¸æè¢ãæ示ããããã60ä¸äººãæ»ã«è³ãç ãã¸ã®å¯¾çã¨ãã¦ãã20ä¸äººã®å½ãå©ããè¬ãã¨ãã60ä¸äººãå©ãã確çã33.3ï¼ ã1人ãå©ãããªã確çã66.6ï¼ ã®è¬ãã®ãããããéçºã§ããã¨ãããããã®ã©ã¡ããé¸ã¶ãã¨ãããã®ã ã
ããã¨ã80ï¼ è¿ã被é¨è ãããå®å ¨ãªãé¸æè¢ãé¸ãã ãåãåé¡ãããå½ãå©ãããã§ã¯ãªãã失ããããã¨è¡¨ç¾ããå ´åãå®å ¨ãªé¸æè¢ãé¸ã¶äººã®å²åã¯47ï¼ ã«ä½ä¸ãããã¨ããããåãåé¡ãæ¥æ¬èªã§èãã被é¨è ã§ã¯ãåé¡ã®è¡¨ç¾ãå¤ãã¦ããå®å ¨ãªé¸æè¢ãé¸ã¶äººã®å²åã¯40ï¼ åå¾ã§å¤ãããªãã£ããæ¯å½èªã§èããå ´åããããæ¬è½ã®å½±é¿ãå°ããã£ãã¨ã¿ãããã
ç¶ãã¦è¡ããã2種é¡ã®å®é¨ã§ã¯ã人ã®å½ã§ã¯ãªããä»äºã失ãããå¯è½æ§ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®é¸æè¢ãæ示ãããããã¡ãã®å®é¨ã«ã¯ãéå½èªãæ¯å½èªã¨ãããéå½ã®å¿ å大å¦æ ¡ã®å¦ç144åã¨ãããªã«çå¦ä¸ã®è±èªè©±è 103åãåå ãããçµæã¯ãã¯ãã第äºè¨èªãæ éãªæèãä¿é²ããå¾åã示ããã
ç 究ãã¼ã ã¯æ¬¡ã«ãåäººè¼¸å ¥ã«é¢ããææ決å®ã«è¨èªãä¸ããå½±é¿ã調ã¹ããããã¹ãã¯ãçè«ã«ããã¨ãå°ããªæ失ã®å¯è½æ§ã¯ã大ããªå©çã®å¯è½æ§ãããéè¦ããããããã¯è¿è¦ç¼çæ失åé¿ã¨å¼ã°ããç¾è±¡ã§ãæ失ã®ãããã«å¯¾ããææ çåå¿ã«æ ¹ããã¦ããã
å ã®å®é¨ã¨åãéå½ã®å¤§å¦çã«å¯¾ããä½æ失ãé«å©çã®æ¶ç©ºã®è³ãã«åå ããé¸æè¢ãæ示ããããéå½èªã§æ示ãããå ´åãè³ãã«ä¹ã£ãå¦çã¯ããã57ï¼ ã ã£ããè±èªã§æ示ãããå ´åãåå çã¯67ï¼ ã«ä¸æãããããã§ãã第äºè¨èªãæ éãªæèãä¿é²ããå¾åã示åãããã
ãã®å¾åãç¾å®ã®è³ãã§ãå¤ãããªãããæ¤è¨¼ãããããã±ã¤ãµã¼æ°ã®ãã¼ã ã¯æ¬¡ã«ãã¹ãã¤ã³èªã第äºè¨èªã¨ããã·ã«ã´å¤§å¦ã®å¦ç54åãéããåèªã«15ãã«ã1ãã«ç´å¹£ã§æ渡ããã1ãã«ç´å¹£ã¯ãã®ã¾ã¾åãåã£ã¦ãããããã³ã¤ã³ãã¹ã«è³ãããã¨ãã§ãããè³ãã«è² ããã°ãè³ãã1ãã«ã失ããã¨ã«ãªãããåã¦ã°å ã®1ãã«ã¨ããã©ã¹ãã¦1.5ãã«ãæã«å ¥ãããã®æ¡ä»¶ã ã¨ãä½åº¦ãè³ããç¹°ãè¿ãã°ãæçµçã«å©çãåºãè¦è¾¼ã¿ãé«ãã
ãã®ææ¡ãè±èªã§è¡ãããå ´åãè³ãã«ä¹ã£ãå¦çã¯54ï¼ ã«ã¨ã©ã¾ã£ãããã¹ãã¤ã³èªã§ã¯åå çã71ï¼ ã«ä¸ãã£ãããå¤å½èªãç¨ããå ´åãé·ãç®ã§è¦ãã°å©çãå¾ããããã¨ãäºæ³ã§ããã¾ããéå°åå¿ã§ãããã¨ã®å¤ãæ失åé¿ã®å½±é¿ããã»ã©åããªããããè³ãã«ä¹ã確çãé«ããªããã¨ã±ã¤ãµã¼æ°ãã¯è¿°ã¹ã¦ããã
ç 究è ãã¯ã第äºè¨èªã¯ãèªåçã«èµ·ããåå¿ããè·é¢ãç½®ããåæçæèãä¿é²ããç絡çã§ææ çãªåå¿ãæ¸ããã¨ããå©ç¹ãããã¨èãã¦ããã
ãããå¤ãã®äººãã¡ããæ¥å¸¸çã«å¤å½èªã使ãããã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¦ãããããããããã®çºè¦ã«ã¯å¤§ããªæ義ããããããã¨ç 究ãã¼ã ã¯æ¸ãããéã«é¢ãã決å®ãä¸ãã¨ãã«ç¬¬äºè¨èªã§èããããã«ãªãå¯è½æ§ã示åãã¦ããããé·æçãªè¦ç¹ã§è¦ãã°ããã®ãã¨ã«ã¯å©ç¹ããããããããªãã
ä¸ã®ã°ã©ãã¯ãããããã確å®ãªå©çãã¨ãå ¨ãç¡ããã2ã¤ã®é¸æè¢ãæ示ããå®é¨ã®çµæã示ãã¦ãããé»è²ã®æ£ã¯é¸æè¢ããå©çãã§è¡¨ç¾ãããå ´åãç°è²ã®æ£ã¯ãæ失ãã§è¡¨ç¾ãããå ´åãããããã«ããã¦ã確å®ãªå©çããé¸æãã被é¨è ã®æ°ã表ããå·¦ã®ãã¢ã¯æ¯å½èªãå³ã¯ç¬¬äºè¨èªãç¨ããããå ´åã./Psychological Science
TEXT BY BRANDON KEIM
TRANSLATION BY TOMOKO TAKAHASHI/GALILEO