crontab ã£ã¦ä¾¿å©ã ãã©ãããã«ããããã
crontab ã®æ¸ãæ¹ãããããã¦ãã¾ãå®è¡ãããªãã¨ãããããªæ¸ãæ¹ããã£ãã®ãï¼ã¨ãªããã¨ãããã
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crontab ã§æ¢ãã¦æ¸ããã¨ã®å©ç¹
ããªãã§ããã¾ãã cron ãªãã ãããã®ãªããµã³ã¯ï¼ï¼ãã¨æããããããããªããã§ãcronã使ãã¡ãªããã¯å°ãªãããããã¨æãã¾ãã
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cronã§æ¸ãã¨æ¬¡ã®ãããªã¡ãªãããããã¨æãã¾ãã
- ä¸è¦§ã§ãã確èªã§ãã
- /etc/cron.d ã«çµ¶å¯¾ãã
- ã³ãã³ãã®æ¸ãæ¹ãã·ã³ãã«
- ã¡ã¼ã«éç¥ãããªããããã
- æ¸å¼ã¯ãã¿ã¼ã³åãããã
æåã« cron ã¯ãã¯ãã³ãã¨å¼ã³ã¾ãã
ã¨ãã©ããããã ã¼ãããã¨ããããã¼ããã¨ãä½è¨ãªæ¯é³ãé·é³ãå«ãã¦ãã人ãå¤ãã§ãããã ã¼ããã 㨠coulombãããã¼ãã ã¨cloneã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã¾ããã«ã¿ã«ãã§è¡¨è¨ãããªãã¯ãã³ããã¿ã¼ã ã¨æãã¾ãã
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- crontab ã£ã¦ä¾¿å©ã ãã©ãããã«ããããã
- crontab ã§æ¢ãã¦æ¸ããã¨ã®å©ç¹
- ã¡ãªãã
- æåã« cron ã¯ãã¯ãã³ãã¨å¼ã³ã¾ãã
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- ã¡ãªããï¼ï¼cron ã¯ä¸ç®æã«éã¾ãã¾ãã
- ã¡ãªããï¼ï¼ã³ãã³ãã®è¨è¿°ãã·ã³ãã«
- æ¡ä»¶åå²
- ã·ã§ã«ãªã®ã§ã·ã³ãã«
- ã¡ãªããï¼ï¼ã¡ã¼ã«éç¥
- ã¡ãªããï¼ï¼æ¸å¼ã¯ãã¿ã¼ã³åãã¦ããã
- æ¸å¼ã æ¥æ¬èªã«è¨³ããã¨ããã§ãã
- å ·ä½ä¾ãè¦ãã¦ããã°å¤§ä¸å¤«ã§ã
- ææ¥ã®æå®ã¯ã¡ãã£ã¨ç¹æ®ã§ãã
- ã¾ã¨ã
- ãã¾ã
- é¢é£è³æ
- ããã ã£ãã
- ããããã®Linuxæ¸ç±
ã¡ãªããï¼ï¼cron ã¯ä¸ç®æã«éã¾ãã¾ãã
cron ãç·¨éããã«ã¯ crontab -e
ã³ãã³ãã§è¡ãã¾ãã
crontab -e
ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ãã¨ã«crontab -e ãèµ·åãã¦cron ãå®ç¾©ãããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã
crontab -e ã§ç»é²å 容ãä¸è¦§ã§ããã
crontab -e ãè¦ã¦ããã°ãã©ããªã³ãã³ããç»é²ãããä¸ç®çç¶ã§ããã
ããããç·¨éçµæã¯ãã¡ã¤ã«ã¨ãã¦ä¿åããã¦ãã¾ãã
ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ã®cronã®å ´æ
ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ãä½ã£ã cron å®ç¾©ã¯æ¬¡ã®å ´æã«éã¾ãã¾ãã
/var/spool/cron/crontabs
ä¸è¬ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼takuya ã®å ´åãªã次ã«ãªãã¾ãã
/var/spool/cron/crontabs/takuya
root ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ã®cron ï¼ã¤ã¾ã sudo crontab -e ) ã®ãã¡ã¤ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã«ä¿ç®¡ããã¦ãã¾ã
/var/spool/cron/crontabs/root
ã·ã¹ãã ã®cron ã®å ´æ
root ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ã§ããªã ä¸è¬ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ã§ããªã cron ã®ãã¡ã¤ã«ãããã¾ããããã¯ã·ã¹ãã ã«ç»é²ããcrontab ã§ãã
ããã«ã.deb ã .rpm ãªã©ã®ããã±ã¼ã¸ãå ¥ããã¨ãã«ä½ããã¾ãã代表çãªãã®ãæãã㨠logrotate 㨠php ã§ããlogrotate ã¯ãã®åã®éããphp 㯠ã»ãã·ã§ã³ãã£ãã·ã¥ãç ´æ£ãã¦ãã¾ãã
/etc/cron*
ããã±ã¼ã¸ã®ãã¡ã¤ã«ã¯ /etc/
ã«éãããã¦ãã¾ãã
ã³ã³ããè¦ã¦ããã°ã·ã¹ãã ã«ç»é²ãããå®æå®è¡ããã¹ã¦ç¥ããã¨ãã§ããã
/etc ã«ããcron ã®ä¾
root@sakura:~# tree /etc/cron* /etc/cron.d âââ php âââ sysstat /etc/cron.daily âââ bsdmainutils âââ dpkg âââ logrotate âââ mlocate âââ ntp âââ sysstat /etc/cron.hourly /etc/cron.monthly âââ 0anacron /etc/crontab /etc/cron.weekly âââ 0anacron âââ fstrim âââ man-db
ã·ã¹ãã ã®cron ã®ãã¡ã¤ã«ã¯ /etc/cron*
ã«éãããã¦ãã¾ãã
éã«è¨ãã°ãcrontab 㯠ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ã¨ãã¦ç»é²ããã ãã§ã¯ãªããèªåã§èªç±ã«ãã¡ã¤ã«åä½ã«åå²ãã¦ç®¡çãããã¨ãã§ããã®ã§ãã
cronãã¡ã¤ã«ã®åè¡ãç¨éå¥ã«åå²ããã°ããã¼ã¸ã§ã³ç®¡çã¨åããæãã§ãã¦ã¨ã¦ã便å©ã ã¨è¨ãã¾ãã
ã·ã¹ãã ã® cron.d ã¸ç»é²
åè¿°ãããã¡ã¤ã«ã®æ§é ãç¥ã£ã¦ããã°ãã·ã¹ãã ã«cronã追å ãããã¨ãã次ã®ããã«æ¸ããã¨ãã§ãã¾ï½ï½ï¼
sudo sh -c "echo 0 * * * * command_a > /etc/cron.d/mycron" sudo sh -c "echo 0 * * * * command_b >> /etc/cron.d/mycron"
cronã«ç»é²ããã³ãã³ããç¨æã§ãã¾ãã ããããã°ããæä½æ¥ã§sudo crontab -e ããç·¨éãã¦ãã ããããªã©ã¨ããã¹ãèµ·ããããç³ããã¥ã¢ã«ãæ¸ããæ¸ã¿ã¾ããã
/etc/cron.weekly /etc/cron.daily /etc/cron.hourlyã«ã¤ãã¦
ããã«ã¯å®æå®è¡ããããã¹ã¯ãªããããè¨ç½®ãã¾ãã
å®è¡ãã©ã°(+x)ãä»ä¸ãããã¹ã¯ãªãããè¨ç½®ããã°å®è¡ããã¾ãã
ã¡ãªããï¼ï¼ã³ãã³ãã®è¨è¿°ãã·ã³ãã«
ãã¨ãã°ãæ¯æ¥ï¼å 0:00 ã« ã³ãã³ããå®è¡ãããã®ã§ããã°ã次ã®ããã«æ¸ããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã
@daily /path/to/my_command > /dev/null
楽ã§ãããï¼æéã»ã³ãã³ãï¼ãè¨è¿°ããã ãã§ããã·ã³ãã«ã§ããã³ãã³ãã ãã§ãã
ããè¤éãªã³ãã³ããå®è¡ãããã®ã§ããã°ãã³ãã³ãããã¡ã¤ã«ã«è¨è¿°ãã¦chmod +x ããã ãã§ãã
ã³ãã³ãã«æ¸ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã¡ã¤ã«ã«ç¬ç«ãããã¨ç®¡çã¨ãã¹ãã容æã«ãªãã®ã§æ¥½ã§ããã
cronã¯SHELL=sh ã§å®è¡ãããã
åºæ¬çã« cron 㯠sh -c ã§å®è¡ããã¾ãããªã®ã§å ç¨ã®ã³ãã³ãã®è¨è¿°ä¾ã§ããã°ã¤ãã®ããã«å®è¡ãããã
sh -c '/path/to/my_command > /dev/null '
sh ã¨ãã¦å®è¡ãããã¨æã£ã¦ããã°å¤§ä¸å¤«ã§ãã
sh â bash ã«å¤ãã
ãããbash㧠cron ãå®è¡ãããã®ã§ããã°ã次ã®ããã«æ¸ããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã
SHELL=bash @daily /path/to/my_command > /dev/null
bash ã«å¤ããã¡ãªãã
bash ã«å¤ãã¦ããã°ãããã¤ãã® bash ãããæ©è½ã使ãã¾ãã
次ã®ããã«ãè¤æ°ã®ã³ãã³ããå¿ ãï¼åå®è¡ãã
@daily { /path/to/my_command ; /path/to/my_command ; }> /dev/null
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æ¡ä»¶åå²ã¯ã·ã§ã«ã¹ã¯ãªãããã®ã¾ã¾ãªã®ã§ if ã使ããã« && ã§ããã®ãã·ã³ãã«
@daily assert_that && do_this
ååã§æ¡ä»¶å¤å®ãæ¸ãã¾ããã³ãã³ããæ£å¸¸çµäºããã¨æ¬¡ãå®è¡ããããã³ãã³ãã®æ£å¸¸çµäºï¼return 0)ã以ã¦æ¬¡ã®ã³ãã³ãã«å¶å¾¡ã移ãã¾ãã
ããããbashã§crontãæ¸ãã¦ããã°å°ãè¤éãªã³ãã³ããæ¸ãã¾ãã
@daily ( echo 1 && aaaaaaa ) && echo ok
ã·ã§ã«ãªã®ã§ã if æãæ¸ããã§ãããããããã¾ããããªãããã
@daily if echo 1 ; then echo 2 ; fi
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ã·ã§ã«ãªã®ã§ãã·ã³ãã«ã«æ¸ããã¨ãã§ãããcrontab ã®æ¸ãæ¹ãããããªãã¨ããå ´åã¯ãcronãããããã¶ãã·ã§ã«ã®æ¸ãæ¹ãããããªãã ãã ã¨æãã¾ãã
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cron ã¯ãã®å®è¡çµæãã¡ã¼ã«ã§é£ã°ããã¾ãããããåãåã£ã¦ãªã人ãã»ã¨ãã©ãªã®ã§ã¯ãªãã§ããããã
ååå ãæå®ãã¾ãããã
MAILTO[email protected] @monthly /home/takuya/repos/report -t au_wallet
ä¸è¨ã®ããã«ã¡ã¼ã«éä¿¡å ãæå®ããã¨ãå®è¡çµæãã¡ã¢ãã«éä¿¡ããã¦ãã¾ãã
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ã¨ã©ã¼ã ãã»ããâã·ã§ã«æ©è½
ã¨ã©ã¼ã ãã¡ã¼ã«ã欲ããå ´åã¯ããªãã¤ã¬ã¯ãããã ãã§è§£æ±º
MAILTO[email protected] @monthly /home/takuya/repos/report -t au_wallet > /dev/null
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ChatOpsããã
ãã¨ãã°ãslack ã«éç¥ãããã¨ãã¯ã¡ã¼ã«ãããªã¬ã¼ã«Slackæ稿ããããã¯ãä»è¾¼ãã§ããã°ããã§ããããã¡ã¼ã«ãããªã¬ã¼ã«å®è¡ãããµã¼ãã¹ã¯ãã¾ã»ã©ããã¾ãã
ãã¡ããLinuxå é¨ã§å®çµããããã¨ãå¯è½ã§ãã
Linux ã§ã¡ã¼ã«ã®ãã¼ã«ã«é éï¼å¤é¨ã«éããªãã§å é¨âå é¨ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¸éä¿¡ï¼ããå¾ã«ããã¯ãèµ·åãããã¨ããã¡ããã§ãã¾ããæ§æ¥ããã® ã¡ã¼ã«ã®.forward æ¸ãã ãã§ãã
ã¡ãªããï¼ï¼æ¸å¼ã¯ãã¿ã¼ã³åãã¦ããã
ãã®è¨äºã§æ¸ãã¦ãã @montly ã¨ããæå»ã®æå®æ¹æ³ã¯ãã¾ãåºã¦ããªãã®ã§ãããè¦ããããã®ã§è¦ãã¦ããã¾ãããã
@daily
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cron ã®æ¸å¼ãé¢åãããã¨æãã人ãããã§ããããéã§ããæ¸å¼ãããããããããããã®ã§ãã
æåã® 5 ã¤ã®ãã£ã¼ã«ãã®ä»£ããã«ã 8 ã¤ã®ç¹æ®ãªæååã®ãããã 1 ã¤ãæå®ãã¦ããã¾ããªã: æåå æå³ ------ ---- @reboot èµ·åæã«ä¸åº¦ã ãå®è¡ã @yearly å¹´ã«ä¸åº¦ã ãå®è¡ ("0 0 1 1 *" ã¨ç価)ã @annually (@yearly ã¨åæ§) @monthly æã«ä¸åº¦ã ãå®è¡ ("0 0 1 * *" ã¨ç価)ã @weekly é±ã«ä¸åº¦ã ãå®è¡ ("0 0 * * 0" ã¨ç価)ã @daily ä¸æ¥ã«ä¸åº¦ã ãå®è¡ ("0 0 * * *" ã¨ç価)ã @midnight (@daily ã¨åæ§) @hourly ä¸æéã«ä¸åº¦ã ãå®è¡ ("0 * * * *" ã¨ç価)ã
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crontab ã®æ¸å¼ã¯å·¦ããé çªã«ã¤ãã®ããã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã
m h dom mon dow 0 0 10 * * path/to/command
ããã¯åã«è±èªã§æ¸ãã¦ããã ãã§ãã
m: minute h: hour dom: day of month mon: month dow: day of week
è¦ãã«ããã¨ãã¯ãã®ããã«è¦ã¦ãã ãã
âââââââââââ minute (0 - 59) â âââââââââ hour (0 - 23) â â âââââââ day of month (1 - 31) â â â âââââ month (1 - 12) â â â â âââ day of week (0 - 6 => Sunday - Saturday, or â â â â â 1 - 7 => Monday - Sunday) â â â â â * * * * * command to be executed
ãï¼ç°¡åã§ããï¼
æ¸å¼ã æ¥æ¬èªã«è¨³ããã¨ããã§ãã
è±èª | æ¥æ¬èª | æå®å¯è½ãªå¤ |
---|---|---|
m | å | 0-59 |
h | æ | 0-23 |
dom | æå æ¥ | 1-31 |
mon | æ | 1-12 (ãããã¯ååãä¸è¨ãåç § |
dow | ææ¥ | 0-7 (0 㨠7 ã¯æ¥ææ¥ããããã¯åå) |
å ·ä½ä¾ãè¦ãã¦ããã°å¤§ä¸å¤«ã§ã
ãã ãã æ¸ãã¾ããããæ¸å¼ã決ã¾ã£ã¦ãã®ã ãããã³ãã¬ã§ãã
1 æéããã«å®è¡ããã
m h dow mon dow 0 * * * * command
ããã§æ¯æï¼åã«å®è¡ããã¾ãã
æ¯æ¥ï¼åå®è¡ããã
m h dow mon dow 0 0 * * * command
ããã§æ¯æ¥ï¼æï¼åã«å®è¡ããã¾ãã
æ¯åæï¼åå®è¡ããã
m h dow mon dow 0 0 * * SAT command
ããã§æ¯é±åææ¥ï¼æï¼åã«å®è¡ããã¾ãã
ææ¥ã®æå®ã¯ã¡ãã£ã¨ç¹æ®ã§ãã
æ°å | è±èªå | æ¥æ¬èª |
---|---|---|
0 | SUN | æ¥ |
1 | MON | æ |
2 | TUE | ç« |
3 | WED | æ°´ |
4 | THU | æ¨ |
5 | FRI | é |
6 | SAT | å |
7 | SUN | æ¥(*2åç® Linuxã ã) |
GNU/Linuxã ãï¼ã¨ï¼ã®ä¸¡æ¹ãæ¥ææ¥ã§ã. xBSDãªã©ã®UNIXã§ã¯ã7(sun)ã¯åå¨ããªãããã§ãã
Linuxã¯ï¼ããæ°ããããã°ã©ãã®ã»ãã«ãï¼ããæ°ããããã°ã©ããåå¨ãããã¨ã«å¯¾å¿ãã¦ããããã§ãããããåªãããã
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ã ã¨è¦ãã¦ããã°ããã§ãã
ã§ããé¢åãããã®ã§ã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã§æ¸ãã»ãã楽ã§ããchmod 755 ãã chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=rx ããããããããã®ã¨åããã¨ã§ãã
ææ¥ã¯è±èªåãæ°åãOK
ææ¥ã¯è±èªã§æå®ãã¦ãæ°åã§ããªãã±ãããã§ãã
###次ã®ä¾ã¯ãå ¨ã¦ãæ¯é±æ¥ææ¥ã«å®è¡ãã§ãã 0 0 * * SUN 0 0 * * sun 0 0 * * 0 0 0 * * 7
ããã ãã¯è¡¨è¨ãæºããã®ã§å°ãã¾ããã
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ã¨ãã£ã¦ãè¦ãã«ããã®ã¯ããã®ã§ãã³ãã¬ãæ¸ãã¦ããã¾ãããã
m h dow mon dow ### æ¯é±æ¥ææ¥ã«å®è¡ 0 0 * * SUN ### 3æéããã«å®è¡ */3 * * * * #### æ¯æ25 æ¥ã®0:00ã«å®è¡ 0 0 25 * * #### æ¯æï¼æ¥ã®æ¯æã«å®è¡ 0 * 5 * * * ### åæ¥ä»¥å¤ 0 0 * * 1-5 ### æéã ã 0 0 * * 1,5 ### å¥æ°æé 1,3,5,7,9 ã«å®è¡ 0 1-9/2 * * *
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ã¡ãªã¿ã«ãããã¯man ãèªãã°æ¸ãã¦ããã¾ãã man 5 ã§ãã
man 5 crontab
ãã¾ã£ã¦ã°ã°ã£ã¦ããããã«ã¯ããã®è¨äºã®ãããªãã¨ã ããããã¾ãããã¾ãman ãã¿ã¾ãããã
cron ãããããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããman ã®èªã¿æ¹ãç¥ããªãã®ã§ããã¾ãããã
manè¦ã¦ãããªãã man crontab(1) ãè¦ã¦ãã¾ã£ã¦ãã¾ãããï¼
takuya@:~$ man -k cron cron (8) - äºå®ãããã³ãã³ããå®è¡ãããã¼ã¢ã³(Vixie Cron) crontab (1) - åã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ã®ããã® crontab ãã¡ã¤ã«ã管çãã (V3) crontab (5) - cron ãé§åããããã®ä¸è¦§è¡¨ dh_installcron (1) - cron ã¹ã¯ãªããã etc/cron.* ã¸ã¤ã³ã¹ãã¼ã«ãã anacrontab (5) - configuration file for anacron anacron (8) - runs commands periodically
man -k cron 㧠cron ã® man ãæ¢ã㨠crontab(1) 㨠crontab (5)ãããã¾ããcrontab(5)ãè¦ãã¨è©³ããæ¸ãã¦ããã¾ãã
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cronã®ã¡ãªããã¯
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- ã·ã§ã«ã³ãã³ãæ¸ãã ã
- å ´æã決ã¾ã£ã¦ã
- æ¸å¼ã決ã¾ã£ã¦ã
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ãããã¯Linuxåºç¤ç¥èã ãã§ç解ã§ãã¾ããåºç¤ç¥èãã¡ããã¨ç¥ã£ã¦ããã°åé¡ãªãæ±ããã¨æãã¾ããã¾ã /etc ã«ãã¡ã¤ã«ãéã¾ããã¼ã¸ã§ã³ç®¡çãããããã¨ãããè¯ãã¨ããã§ã¯ãªãã§ããããã
systemd ã§æ¸ããã¨è¨ãããã°å°ãã®ã§ããã
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crontabã®ã¸ã§ããçµãããªããã¡ã«ãã¤ãã®ã¸ã§ããèµ·åãã¡ãã£ã¦å°ãï¼
ããããã¨ãã¯ãtaskspooler ã使ãã¨ä¾¿å©ãããã§ããâ cron + α が欲しい時には ts(Task Spooler) のご利用をご検討下さいというメモ - ようへいの日々精進XP
ãããã¯ããã§ã«å®è¡ä¸ãªã(pidãã¡ã¤ã«ããããªãï¼å®è¡ãã£ã³ã»ã«ã«ãã¦ã¾ããã©ã
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éå»ã«æ¸ãã cron é¢é£ã®è¨äºãæ£ããã£ã¦ããã®ã§ããã®è¨äºã«ã¾ã¨ãã¦æ´çãã¾ããããããããã°éå»è¨äºãè¦ã¦ãã£ã¦ãã ãã
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- Cronで毎月25日に実行(ただし、日曜日なら翌日) をしたい。 - それマグで!
- cronをクーロンと呼ぶ?それは変。クロンでしょ? - それマグで!
ããã ã£ãã
うろ覚えなのですが「曜日と日付の同時設定はorで動いてしまう」みたいな制約ありませんでしたっけ(昔だけ?) - ngswのコメント / はてなブックマーク
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