矛盾
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]spear; lance; pike | shield | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (矛盾) |
矛 | 盾 | |
alternative forms | 矛楯 | ||
Literally: “lance and shield”. |
Etymology
[edit]From a tale in Han Feizi first attested in c. 2nd century BCE.
- 楚人有鬻盾與矛者,譽之曰:「吾盾之堅,物莫能陷之。」以譽其矛曰:「吾矛之利,於物無不陷也。」或曰:「以子之矛陷子之盾,何如?」其人弗能應也。夫不可陷之盾與無不陷之矛,不可同世而立。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
- Chǔ rén yǒu yù dùn yǔ máo zhě, yù zhī yuē: “Wú dùn zhī jiān, wù mò néng xiàn zhī.” Yǐ yù qí máo yuē: “Wú máo zhī lì, yú wù wú bù xiàn yě.” Huò yuē: “Yǐ zǐ zhī máo xiàn zǐ zhī dùn, hérú?” Qí rén fú néng yìng yě. Fú bùkě xiàn zhī dùn yǔ wú bù xiàn zhī máo, bùkě tóng shì ér lì. [Pinyin]
- There was once a man in the state of Chu, who was selling shields and lances. He was praising them saying: “My shields are so firm, that there is nothing that can pierce them.” He praised his lances saying: “My lances are so sharp, that there is nothing that they cannot pierce.” Someone asked: “What if you used your lances to pierce your shields?” The man could not answer. A shield that cannot be pierced and a lance that can pierce everything cannot exist in the same world.
楚人有鬻盾与矛者,誉之曰:「吾盾之坚,物莫能陷之。」以誉其矛曰:「吾矛之利,于物无不陷也。」或曰:「以子之矛陷子之盾,何如?」其人弗能应也。夫不可陷之盾与无不陷之矛,不可同世而立。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): maau4 teon5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): màu-tún
- Eastern Min (BUC): màu-dōng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bâu-tún / mâu-tún / mô͘-tún
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6mau-den; 6meu-den
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: máodùn
- Wade–Giles: mao2-tun4
- Yale: máu-dwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mauduenn
- Palladius: маодунь (maodunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɑʊ̯³⁵ tu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, old variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˊ ㄕㄨㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: máoshǔn
- Wade–Giles: mao2-shun3
- Yale: máu-shwǔn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maushoen
- Palladius: маошунь (maošunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɑʊ̯³⁵ ʂu̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, standard)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: maau4 teon5
- Yale: màauh téuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: maau4 toen5
- Guangdong Romanization: mao4 tên5
- Sinological IPA (key): /maːu̯²¹ tʰɵn¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: màu-tún
- Hakka Romanization System: mauˇ dunˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: mau2 dun3
- Sinological IPA: /mau̯¹¹ tun³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: màu-dōng
- Sinological IPA (key): /mau⁵³⁻³³ (t-)louŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâu-tún
- Tâi-lô: bâu-tún
- Phofsit Daibuun: bau'duon
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bau²⁴⁻²² tun⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâu-tún
- Tâi-lô: mâu-tún
- Phofsit Daibuun: mau'duon
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /mãu¹³⁻²² tun⁵³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /mãu²⁴⁻²² tun⁵³/
- IPA (Philippines): /mau²⁴⁻²² tun⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /mãu²⁴⁻¹¹ tun⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mãu²³⁻³³ tun⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘-tún
- Tâi-lô: môo-tún
- Phofsit Daibuun: mo'duon
- IPA (Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tun⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² tun⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: mjuw zywinX|dwonX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)u lˤu[n]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mu l'uːnʔ|ɦljunʔ/
Noun
[edit]矛盾 (idiomatic)
- contradiction; inconsistency; disagreement; incongruity
- problem; issue; conflict
- (logic, philosophy) paradox
Synonyms
[edit]- (problem):
Adjective
[edit]矛盾
- conflicted; vacillating between two options
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
矛 | 盾 |
む Grade: S |
じゅん Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 矛盾 (MC mjuw zywinX), literally 矛 (“lance, spear”) + 盾 (“shield”). See the Chinese etymology section for the full derivation.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a contradiction, an inconsistency, a paradox
Synonyms
[edit]Verb
[edit]矛盾する • (mujun suru) suru (stem 矛盾し (mujun shi), past 矛盾した (mujun shita))
- to be inconsistent, to be in contradiction, to be incompatible with
- 彼が今日主張する内容は昨日の行動と矛盾している。
- Kare ga kyō shuchō suru naiyō wa kinō no kōdō to mujun shite iru.
- What he's going on about today isn't compatible with his behavior yesterday.
- 彼が今日主張する内容は昨日の行動と矛盾している。
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "矛盾する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 矛盾し | むじゅんし | mujun shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 矛盾し | むじゅんし | mujun shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 矛盾する | むじゅんする | mujun suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 矛盾する | むじゅんする | mujun suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 矛盾すれ | むじゅんすれ | mujun sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 矛盾せよ¹ 矛盾しろ² |
むじゅんせよ¹ むじゅんしろ² |
mujun seyo¹ mujun shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 矛盾される | むじゅんされる | mujun sareru | |
Causative | 矛盾させる 矛盾さす |
むじゅんさせる むじゅんさす |
mujun saseru mujun sasu | |
Potential | 矛盾できる | むじゅんできる | mujun dekiru | |
Volitional | 矛盾しよう | むじゅんしよう | mujun shiyō | |
Negative | 矛盾しない | むじゅんしない | mujun shinai | |
Negative continuative | 矛盾せず | むじゅんせず | mujun sezu | |
Formal | 矛盾します | むじゅんします | mujun shimasu | |
Perfective | 矛盾した | むじゅんした | mujun shita | |
Conjunctive | 矛盾して | むじゅんして | mujun shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 矛盾すれば | むじゅんすれば | mujun sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
矛 | 盾 |
Noun
[edit]- hanja form? of 모순 (“contradiction”)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
矛 | 盾 |
Noun
[edit]矛盾
- chữ Hán form of mâu thuẫn (“contradiction”).
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