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    The Endocrine System: Elaine N. Marieb

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    Yesika Gultom
    Fisiologi Endokrin

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    The Endocrine System: Elaine N. Marieb

    Uploaded by

    Yesika Gultom
    198 views15 pages
    Fisiologi Endokrin

    Original Title

    Endocrine

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    Fisiologi Endokrin

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    198 views15 pages

    The Endocrine System: Elaine N. Marieb

    Uploaded by

    Yesika Gultom
    Fisiologi Endokrin

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

    Seventh Edition
    Elaine N. Marieb

    Chapter 9
    The Endocrine System

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings


    The Endocrine System
     Second messenger system of the body
     Uses chemical messages (hormones)
    that are released into the blood
     Hormones control several major
    processes
     Reproduction
     Growth and development
     Mobilization of body defenses
     Maintenance of much of homeostasis
     Regulation of metabolism
    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.1
    Hormone Overview

     Hormones are produced by specialized


    cells
     Cells secrete hormones into
    extracellular fluids
     Blood transfers hormones to target sites
     These hormones regulate the activity of
    other cells

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.2
    The Chemistry of Hormones

     Amino acid-based hormones


     Proteins
     Peptides
     Amines
     Steroids – made from cholesterol
     Prostaglandins – made from highly
    active lipids
    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.3
    Mechanisms of Hormone Action

     Hormones affect only certain tissues or


    organs (target cells or organs)
     Target cells must have specific protein
    receptors
     Hormone binding influences the working
    of the cells

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.4
    Effects Caused by Hormones

     Changes in plasma membrane


    permeability or electrical state
     Synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes
     Activation or inactivation of enzymes
     Stimulation of mitosis

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.5
    Steroid Hormone Action

     Diffuse through the plasma membrane


    of target cells
     Enter the nucleus
     Bind to a specific protein within the
    nucleus
     Bind to specific sites on the cell’s DNA
     Activate genes that result in synthesis of
    new proteins
    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.6
    Steroid Hormone Action

    Figure 9.1a

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.7
    Nonsteroid Hormone Action
     Hormone binds to a membrane receptor
     Hormone does not enter the cell
     Sets off a series of reactions that
    activates an enzyme
     Catalyzes a reaction that produces a
    second messenger molecule
     Oversees additional intracellular
    changes to promote a specific response
    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.8
    Nonsteroid Hormone Action

    Figure 9.1b

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.9
    Control of Hormone Release

     Hormone levels in the blood are


    maintained by negative feedback
     A stimulus or low hormone levels in the
    blood triggers the release of more
    hormone
     Hormone release stops once an
    appropriate level in the blood is reached

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.10
    Hormonal Stimuli of Endocrine
    Glands

     Endocrine glands
    are activated by
    other hormones

    Figure 9.2a

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.11
    Humoral Stimuli of Endocrine
    Glands

     Changing blood
    levels of certain
    ions stimulate
    hormone release

    Figure 9.2b

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.12
    Neural Stimuli of Endocrine Glands

     Nerve impulses
    stimulate hormone
    release
     Most are under
    control of the
    sympathetic nervous
    system
    Figure 9.2c

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.13
    Location of Major Endrocrine Organs

    Figure 9.3

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9.14

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