PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
QUARTER 1 - WEEK 5
Meaning of State
According to De Leon (2009), as stated by Liao (2014) a state is a community of nations more
or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of
their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from
external control.
Elements of a State
Liao (2014) further explains that states are created based on the elements mentioned below.
According to him, if these requirements are not followed or if there is a conflict or issue in one of
the elements, the legitimacy of the state is always challenged. He further emphasized that it is
important that a state is recognized by the international community, because without
recognition, its existence, authority and power are always in doubt.
1. People is the organization of human beings living together as a community.
2. Territory refers to the territorial domains over which the state exercises control or
sovereignty which includes all the land, sea and airspace the state exercises jurisdiction
on.
3. Government is an agency to which the political ideology of the state is expressed and
carried out.
4. Sovereigntyitisthepowerofthestatetoenforcethelawoveritspeoplewithin its jurisdiction and
demand obedience from them.
5.
Two Types of Sovereignty
There are two types of sovereignty according to Liao (2014).
1. Internal Sovereignty- the power of the state to command authority within its jurisdiction.
2. External Sovereignty- the power and freedom of the state to carry out its activities
without foreign domination or control.
Duties of the State
According to Liao (2014) the following are the concerns of the state which are also considered
as its duties or responsibilities.
1. Peace and order and national security
2. Political harmony or good laws
3. Social justice
4. Economic development
5. Individual and collective development of people
Meaning of Nation
A nation is a group of people bound together by certain characteristics and shares the same
history, ancestry, culture, and language. Liao (2014)
Anderson (2006) asserted, as mentioned by Liao (2014) that nations
were “imagined communities” - it is imagined because even though people do not know each
other or do not meet all the members, they share the same
common history, culture, language and tradition that are practiced by every member; they have
the same feelings of belongingness and talk the same events that were part of their history even
though they were miles away from one another.
State and nation are often used interchangeably. Although many people think they are the
same, in context and concept the words nation and state are vastly different from one another.
State and nation’s functionalities and attributes can be used to analyze the difference between
the two terms.
Meaning of Globalization
As posted on the Globalization 101
webpage as of July 5, 2020, globalization is a
process of interaction and integration among
the people, companies, and governments of
different nations, a process driven by
international trade and investment and aided
by information technology. The same website
mentions that this process has effects on the
environment, on culture, on political
systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well- being in
societies around the world.
Forms of Globalization
1. Economic Globalization
As posted on the tutor2u webpage as of July 5, 2020, economic
globalization refers to the interconnectedness of economies through
trade and the exchange of resources and further explains that
effectively, no national economy really operates in isolation, which
means national economies influence each other. The same website
further explains that economic globalization also means that there is a
two-way structure for technologies and resources. For example, country like the Philippines will
sell their technologies to countries, which lack these, and natural resources from developing
countries are sold to the developed countries that need them.
2. Cultural Globalization
According to Heywood (2007), cultural
globalization is the process whereby
information, commodities and images that
have been produced in one part of the world
enter into a global flow that tends to ‘flatten
out’ cultural differences between nations,
regions and individuals (sometimes
portrayed as a process of McDonaldization).
He explains that driven, in part, by the
growth of transnational companies and the
emergence of global commodities, cultural
globalization is also fuelled by the so-called
‘information revolution’, the spread of satellite communication, telecommunications networks,
information technology and the internet, and global media corporations. However, according to
him, culture both serves and constrains the forces of globalization. In addition to the ubiquity of
Hollywood movies, Nike running shoes and Starbucks coffee houses, selling goods across the
world requires a sensitivity to indigenous cultures and social practices.
3. Political Globalization
As posted on the tutor2u webpage as of July 5, 2020, political globalization
refers to the amount of political co-operation that exists between different
countries. The same website further explains that this ties in with the belief
that “umbrella” global organizations are better placed than individual
states to prevent conflict. It mentioned the League of Nations
established after WW1 was certainly one of the pioneers in this and
stressed that since then,
global organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO),
United Nations (UN), and more regional organizations such as the EU have
helped to increase the degree of political globalization
ASEAN - The Association of Southeast Asian Nations
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967
in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the
Founding Fathers of ASEAN: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World
War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing
friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and
human rights.
Activity 1:
Direction: Complete the table below. Identify current issues in our country which has reached
global attention and cite their positive and negative effects in our society. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
Which of the issues influenced by globalization strike you the most? Why?
Activity 2: Create a physical map of an imaginary nation. Write the name of the nation on
top of the map. You should include at least five different land or water forms in the map and give
a unique name. Color the maps with colored pencil or crayons. Explain how your imaginary
nation is conducive to a productive and developed society. Use another sheet for your output.
Your imaginary nation will be checked using the criteria below.
RUBRICS
Illustration 15 pts
Originality 10 pts
Creativity 10 pts
Content 10 pts
Design 5 pts
TOTAL 50 pts
