Philippine Politics and Governance

PHILIPPINE

POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE
Review of the past lesson
R– eward
C– oercive
L– egitimate
E– xpert
R– eferent
OBJECTIVES

 define nation and state

 differentiate nation from state
 explain meanings of globalization
NATION, STATES AND
GLOBALIZATION
WHAT IS A NATION?
 A nation is a group of people
bound together by certain
characteristics and shares the same
history, ancestry, culture, and
language.
 Benedict Anderson asserted

that nations were “imagined
communities”
WHAT IS A STATE?
 a political structure of an organized community which is
internationally recognized as an independent state, have a population,
common language, defined territory and established government.
Related to but is not synonymous to government and country.
It consists of the agreements of the individuals on how disputes are
settled in the form of laws.
WHAT IS A STATE?
 An organization with legal purpose; to impose law and
order to ensure the welfare and safety of its citizens.
Embodied by the public officials, the police, the armed

forces, the government officers and workers.
Represented by symbols, i.e. flag, national anthem,

national animal, etc.
ELEMENTS OF A STATE
1. People is the organization of human beings living together as a
community.
2. Territory refers to the territorial domains over which the state

exercises control or sovereignty which includes all the land, sea and
airspace the state exercises jurisdiction on.
◦ Any interference with rights or ownership may lead to conflict or
war.
ELEMENTS OF A STATE?
3. Government is an institution that administers or controls the state.
4. Sovereignty it is the power of the state to enforce the law over its
people within its jurisdiction and demand obedience from them.
◦ Internal Sovereignty – refers to the ability of the state to govern and
control its people and territory.
◦ External Sovereignty – refers to the freedom of the state from
external influences and foreign interventions.
A state can enforce laws and policies within its
territories without the need for approval or
intervention from other states. This means that the
state is INDEPENDENT of other states.
SOVEREIGNTY AND
LEGITIMACY
Sovereignty is closely related to legitimacy.
State attains legitimacy if it is recognized and respected by the

people.
When majority of the population recognizes the government and

subsumes under its laws, then the state is considered legitimate.
State’s legitimacy is also internationally recognized by other stated

or community of nations.
SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE
A sovereign state should be
able to freely pursue its goals If a state experiences
and interests as well as uphold political upheavals, or if
its objectives independently. the government is
considered illegitimate
A sovereign state is considered by the international
unified, coherent and organized community, the
entity that is able to exercise sovereignty of the state
legitimate power for the welfare is questionable.
of its citizens.
DUTIES OF THE STATE
1. Peace and order and national security
2. Political harmony or good laws
3. Social justice
4. Economic development
5. Individual and collective development of people
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
NATION AND STATE
 The state has four elements.
In the absence of even one element, a state cannot really be state.
Nation is a group of people who have a strong sense of unity and
common consciousness.
None of these elements is an absolutely essential element.
The elements which go to build a nation keep on changing.
STATE VS. NATION
STATE NATION
 An independent  A large population
political entity with that shares the same
clear geographic culture, language,
boundaries traditions, history…
 Political concept  Ethnic concepts
 Not subject to  May or may not be
external control independent of
 Maybe composed of external control
several nations  Maybe made up of
several states.
NATION-STATE
Has many migrant nations & indigency nations, all
occupying one territory, ruled by one government, imagined
themselves as sharing one identity and calling themselves as
a nation-state. (Fozdar, Wilding & Hawkins 2009:45)
GLOBALIZATION
 Globalization refers to the gradual
process of political, economic and
cultural integration brought about by Rise of Supranational
increased exchange of products, ideas, Organizations
and technologies throughout the world. League of Nations
Has been going on since ancient United Nations
times: from the great empires to global
empires during the age of colonialism ASEAN
and imperialism.
FORMS OF GLOBALIZATION
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
 refers to the interconnectedness of
economies through trade and the exchange of
resources.
Trade & finances relations among nations,

removal of trade barriers.
CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
 refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings
and values around the world in such a way as to
extend and intensify social relations.
This process is marked by the common

consumption of cultures that have been diffused
by the Internet, popular culture media, and
international travel.
POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION
 Refers to the amount of political co-operation
that exists between different countries.
This ties in with the belief that “umbrella” global

organizations are better placed than individual
states to prevent conflict.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING! 

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PHILIPPINE

 define nation and state

 Benedict Anderson asserted

Embodied by the public officials, the police, the armed

Represented by symbols, i.e. flag, national anthem,

2. Territory refers to the territorial domains over which the state

State attains legitimacy if it is recognized and respected by the

When majority of the population recognizes the government and

State’s legitimacy is also internationally recognized by other stated

Trade & finances relations among nations,

This process is marked by the common

This ties in with the belief that “umbrella” global

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