7/8

AQUACULTURE
EXPLORATORY COURSE
Module 1:
Farm Tools and Equipment
AQUACULTURE – Grade 7 and Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 1: FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: RANDY Y. ALCAYA

JOSIE MAE C. ASCAÑO
GRACE A. QUIROBIN
Editor: PINKY G. TANAP
Reviewers: MARIO DONIO, EPS-1 TVL
EDWARD RYAN F. GULAM – Alternate LRMS Coordinator
Illustrator: ASCER P. ABELLON JR.
Layout Artist: GERALD V. LAUGLAUG/MAYLENE F. GRIGANA, Div. Librarian
Management Team: ALLAN G. FARNAZO, Regional Director
GILBERT BARRERA, CLMD Chief
ARTURO TINGSON, JR., Regional EPS In Charge
of LRMS
PETER VAN ANG-UG, Regional ADM Coordinator
DONNA S. PANES, CID Chief
ELIZABETH G. TORRES, Division EPS In Charge
of LRMS
JUDITH B. ALBA, Division ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region XII
Office Address: Koronadal City
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
AQUACULTURE
7/8
EXPLORATORY COURSE

Module 1:

FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

EXPLORATORY COURSE
GRADE 7 and GRADE 8
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 7/8 Agriculture and

Fishery Arts (Crop Production) Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Farm
Tools and Equipment!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Aquaculture 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Farm Tools and Equipment.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I
Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are
Know expected to learn in the module.
What I This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already
Know know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct
(100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson
with the previous one.
What’s In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various
New ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to
help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
What’s This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your
More understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I
This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in
Have
Learned to process what you learned from the lesson.
What I Can This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your
Do new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in

achieving the learning competency.

Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your
Activities knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

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Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

Hand tools and equipment make aquaculture activities faster and easier
starting from the preparation of agriculture facilities to harvest stage. To help our
learners independently use tools and equipment in agriculture according to
standard procedures, this module is prepared. It is here to help you understand
the concepts, underlying theories and principles in the use of tools and equipment
in agriculture. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
In this module, the focused on the learning competencies is on how to select and
use farm tools and equipment.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

● Lesson 1 – Uses of farm tools and equipment
● Lesson 2 – Proper Handling of common tools and equipment

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify farm tools and equipment according to use;
2. Conduct pre-operation check-up in line with the manufacturer’s manual
3. Use appropriate tools and equipment for the job requirement according to
manufacturer’s specifications and instructions.

What I Know

Before we start learning from the module, let us test your knowledge about
the different farm tools and equipment.

Directions: Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. A device used to strike or deliver blows to an object like driving nails, fitting
parts and breaking up objects.

5
a. hammer b. wrench c. plier d. cutter
2. It is the most popular type of measuring tools which usually has 6 or 12
inches length.
a. ruler b. folding ruler c. speed square d. try square
3. 3. It is a curved and handheld aquaculture tool for harvesting grain crops or
cutting grasses for hay.
a. shovel b. sickle c. rake d. mattock
4. 4. The most versatile and widely used shovel used for digging, scooping or
shoveling dirt from one point to another.
a. irrigation shovel c. round point shovel
b. garden shovel d. scoop shovel

5. A device for measuring the weight of an object.

a. paper weight c. weighing scale
b. measuring tool d. square
6. The following is not included in taking care of hand tools?
a. Clean your tools after use
b. Tools should be kept in tool box or a tool cabinet
c. When rust form on tools, remove it by using a fine abrasive cloth
d. Store hand tools in a wet, sheltered environment
7. It is a measuring tool used for measuring the distance between two
symmetrically opposing sides. It can be like a compass with inward or
outward facing points and the tips can be adjusted to fit across the points to
be measured.
a. caliper b. ruler c. folder ruler d. square

8. Quality indicators of using screwdrivers.

a. bade metal c. handle and bar attachment materials
c. screwdriver tips d. a, b and c

9. The following are the guidelines to avoid hand tools injuries except:
a. right tool for the job c. good condition
b. proper storage d. watch your body

10.A tool used to tighten or loosen screws.

a. hammer b. wrench c. screwdriver d. pliers

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Lesson
Uses of Farm Tools and
1 Equipment

Our first lesson will discuss about the common tools and instruments used
in crop production. As we all know, these farm tools are of great help to our
farmers because proper utilization of these equipment will make not only increase
crop production but it will help our farmers do their job being done conveniently
and efficiently.

There are varieties of hand tools, designed for specific purposes. They are
available in various types, shapes, and sizes with different degrees of hardness and
varying configurations for specific purposes.

What’s In

Let us now identify the common tools being used in crop production. By doing so,
let us do the activity below.

Directions: Draw the common hand tools in Aquaculture according to the given
meaning below.

1. It is used to level the pond bottom.

2. Used to dig and scoop soil.

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3. Used to make quadrangular mud blocks.

4. A curved, handled farm tool, typically used for cutting grasses along the dikes.

5. The caretaker’s handy bladed tool used for cutting.

6. Is used for shaping the dike.

Notes to the Teacher

In presenting common tools and equipment to the learner, you may include
What’s New
proper handling of the materials.
You may also introduce other available tools and equipment found in the locality.

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As we identify the common tools and equipment, we have also to keep in
mind that there are varieties of hand tools, designed for specific purposes. Said
tools are available in various types, shapes, and sizes with different degrees of
hardness and configurations. Further, using a tool other than its intended purpose
leads to various damages to the tool and can cause discomfort, pain and injury to
the user.

Classification of Hand Tools According to Use

1. Cutting, Pinching, Gripping Tools – these tools are used not only to cut
physical object into pieces but also to remove metal or wood from the
workpiece by means of sheer deformation and for gripping objects by using
leverage. Examples are pliers and cutters.

2. Striking Tools –. Chiseling, punching and riveting can be done properly using
striking tools. Hammers and chisels are some example of striking tools.

3. Driving Tools - These are tools designed to insert, tighten, loosen, remove
screws, bolt, nails and other pointed objects or hard turn items by applying
torque. Examples are screwdrivers, nut drivers, hand wrenches, and T-
handle wrenches

4. Struck or Hammered Tools – These tools are used for forcing a bolt, pin, or
rivet in or out of a hole. Examples are punches, nail sets, and chisels.

Kinds of Hand Tools

A. Pliers

Pliers are comparatively modern invention. They are popular hand tools used
for gripping objects through leverage. They have a pair of pivoted jaws used for
holding, bending, turning, gripping or cutting various things. They have different
jaw configurations depending on their usage. Top quality pliers are forged from
fine-grain tool steel, machined to close tolerances with hand-honed cutting edges
properly hardened. They are polished, adjusted and inspected. Pliers vary in length
from 4‖ to 20‖. Every tool user makes use of pliers of various types.

Types of Pliers

There are different types and sizes of pliers. Each plier is designed for a
specific purpose although their versatility makes them suitable for many jobs.

1. Slip-joint pliers are great for tightening.

They have a joint which can be used for
two different width openings. They are the
most common type of pliers used at.

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2. Groove-joint pliers are similar to slip
joint pliers having several joints to fit
many jobs of various sizes. They are also
referred as ―Channel lock.

3. Parrot nose wrench pliers are noted for

their grip. They are a combination of
pliers and pipe wrench with 750 offset
nose. These kinds of pliers are ideal for
pipes and tubing.

4. Plumber’s special pliers are available

with smooth jaws or jaws covered with a
soft material to prevent scratching when
used on plated plumbing fixtures.

5. General utility or water pump pliers are

all-purpose pliers with as many as five
jaw-opening adjustments. Their teeth are
shaped for positive grip on round objects.

6. Needle-nose pliers used for reaching

places with restricted clearance. These
kinds of pliers have a pointed nose and
may have side cutters. They are typically
used for all electrical and electronics
works.

B. Wrenches

Wrench is a hand tool often having fixed or adjustable jaws used for gripping,
turning, and fastening, tightening, twisting or loosening objects such as nuts, bolts
or pipes and pipe fittings. A wrench is mainly used to hold and turn nuts, bolts,
caps, screws, plugs and various threaded parts.
Kinds of Wrenches
1. Pipe wrenches are used in plumbing for gripping round or cylindrical
things.
2. General-use wrenches are used on bolts and nuts that have flat and parallel
surfaces like for example square or hexagonal
Types of Wrenches
Depending on whether the wrench is fixed or adjustable, there are different
types of wrenches used for different purposes.

1. Combination wrench is double-ended wrench with one end being like an

opened wrench and the other end like a box-end wrench. Both ends usually fit the
same size or bolt. They are made in metric and standard sizes.

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Combination wrench (CBLM-Fish Culture 2nd Year)

2. Adjustable wrench is used for tightening or loosening nuts and bolts, having
movable lower jaw to adjust wrench size, depending on the size of the nuts or
bolts.

Adjustable wrench (CBLMFish Culture 2nd Year)

3. Socket wrench are like closed end wrenches but they are cylindrical in shape.
They can easily fit over nut in a recessed hole which is otherwise inaccessible with
open or closed ended wrenches.

Socket wrench (CBLM-Fish Culture 2nd Year)

4. Flare-nut wrench or tube wrench, or line wrench are almost same as box end
wrench and are used for gripping the nuts on the ends of tubes. They have narrow
openings to allow the wrench to fit over the tubes.

Flare-nut wrench (CBLM-Fish Culture 2nd Year)

C. Hammers

The most popular and the commonly used type of hand tool are hammers. They
are used to deliver blows to an object or strike another object, like driving nails,
fitting parts and breaking up objects. They are available in various shapes and
structures, designed for specific purposes. They consist a handle to which a heavy
head, usually made of metal, is attached with one or more striking purposes
Types of Hammers
1. Curved Claw Hammer is used for nail pulling and

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general carpentry work.

2. Straight Claw Rip Hammer is mainly used for general

and heavy carpentry work, ripping and framing.

3. Ball Peen Hammer is used for bending or shaping soft

metal, for riveting and for center punching. This type of
hammer has a round face with beveled edges and the other
end has a ball-shaped peen for metal working.

4. Hand Drilling Hammer is design to do powerful jobs like striking masonry nails,
steel chisels masonry drills.

D. Screwdrivers

Screwdrivers are used for turning screws so as to drive them into their place.
They have a thin end which enters the nick in the head of the screws and have a
mechanism for the application of torque (force by rotating the tip/end) on the screw
to be inserted into its place. Screwdrivers are available in a variety of shapes and
the tip of the driver can be rotated manually or electrically.
There are some other varieties of screwdrivers that are very popular in the
market today. These are the magnetized tip screwdrivers. They have magnetized
tips, the blades can range from Philips to Hex and other types and these are
convenient when guiding screws to holes or otherwise inaccessible areas. They can
also be used to retrieve dropped screws and nuts.

Types of Screwdrivers

These are common screwdrivers with their uses and features.

1. Philips has a crossed slot with a flat tip, it used for tightening and
loosening Philips‘ head screws and bolts.

2. Standard (slotted) has a single slotted tip which is flared to the sides
above the tip and used for tightening and loosening slotted screws and
bolts.

3. Clutch Head is used for tightening and loosening clutch head screws
and bolts. It has four points of contact and locks into the screw head when
turned counter clockwise.

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4. Nut Driver is in varied sizes from 3/16‖ to ½ used for tightening and
loosening hexagonal screws and bolts.

E. Measuring Tools

These tools are used measuring dimensions. They are measuring tools are
imperative for Implementing any work with precision and carrying out different
types of measurement. The most important use of measuring tools is examining a
finished product or semi-finished product. Inspection or examination operation
includes checking, testing an object by comparing dimensions of the object/work
piece to the required dimensions given on a diagram or a sketch. Again, the
measurements taken must be accurate. Accuracy of measurements depends on
one‘s ability to use measuring tool correctly. It is not only necessary to know
precisely how many feet and inches are involved, but also necessary to ensure
everything comes out in exactly the exact size that one requires.

Types of Measuring Tools

1. Squares are indispensable to woodworkers, carpenters, machinists, tile setters,
and anyone who needs to make their projects with precision. Squares comprise a
group of tools which come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, depending on their
intended use.

Try square is an L-shaped square having a handle called the bodies and a thin
metal blade marked in graduations like a scale/ruler. This square is used basically
to mark a straight line across a wood piece for cutting.

2. Rules is the most popular type of measuring tool. Rules usually has 6 or 12
inches length. The rules or ruler are made of wood, metal or plastic. It is to be
noted that the thinner the rule, the easier it is to measure accurately

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3. Caliper is a tool used for measuring the distance between two
symmetrically opposing sides. It can be like a compass with
inward or outward facing points and the tips can be adjusted to fit
across the points to be measured. When the caliper is removed,
the distance between the tip is measured using a ruler.

F. Shovels and Rakes

1. Round point shovel - The most versatile and widely

used shovel. It is used to dig, scoop or shovel dirt from
one point to another.

2. Garden shovel – the same general design as a

round point shovel, but it is smaller and lighter. It is
used for lighter task and for less muscular persons.

3. Scoop shovels is used to move light materials such as

sawdust or dried manure. It isn‘t advisable to use for heavy
wet materials because of the volume that can hold which will
cause you backache.

4. Barn fork has long angled tines. Besides hay, it is also

used for moving garden pruning, weeds, and other organic
materials.

5. Spading fork performs multitude of garden tasks. Primarily, it is used for tilling
the soil and breaking up heavy dirt clods. It is invaluable in weeding large areas
where there is no danger of injuring the roots of desirable plants. It comes in many
sizes; long or short handles; different tine length; and number of tines. The tines of
less expensive brands tend to bend so it is worth investing on quality when you
make your choice.

6. Bow rake is traditionally called ―steel rake‖. Its head may

be anywhere from 8 inches to 24 inches wide. The head is
connected to the handle by a steel ‗bow ‘at each end. These
bows act as shock absorbers, giving this tool the strength to
do serious raking of heavier materials

14
7. Level head rake is much the same as a bow rake,
except that the back of the head is straight and even, and
connects to the handle in the center. Its straight edge is
used for leveling seedbeds. The corners may also be used
for creating furrows.

8. Trowel is a constant companion at

different times of the year. These little
shovels are in valuable during planting
season. You may wish to have a couple
different trowels for different uses.

9. Pick and mattock is used for serious digging

through hard packed soil and clay. The pick (pointed
end) or the mattock (wide blade) is used to chop down,
into the soil, and the cradle design of the head can
then be used as a lever to break open the soil,
allowing for easy shoveling.

10. Pruning saw has large cutting teeth than a normal saw
for quick cuts through branches and limbs over an inch in
diameter. Always ‗undercut‘ the branch before making the
final top cut to avoid damage to the bark of the tree or
shrub.

11. Sickle is a curved, hand-held farm tool typically used for

harvesting grain crop or cutting grass for hay. The inside of
the curve is sharp, so that the user can draw or swing
the blade against the base of the crop, catching it in the
curveand slicing it at the same time.

12. Secchi disk is used to measure water turbidity. The reading is

sometimes called Secchi Disk Transparency. Productive ponds
usually have a Secchi Disk Transparency depth between 10 - 30 cm.

15
Lesson
Proper Handling of Common
2 Hand Tools and Equipment

It is much important that when we use the various common farm tools and
equipment, we should also know the proper handling of these farm tools.

What is It

Using these common hand tools needs extra care and maintenance. Whether
you purchase it at low-cost or in a high price quality tools, these needs basic rules
to maintain and care for your tools. Quality tools are designed to last for years but
they must be cared for and maintained. Maintaining your farm tools on a regular
basis assures that they are ready to be used on your next chore. These are the
following rules:

● Always remove all the soil from your digging tools after use. Usually hosing
is all it takes but use a screwdriver to remove dried mud.
● Never put your tools away wet. Allow them to dry completely before storing
to prevent rusting and handle rot.
● After use, wipe the metal parts of pruners, shears, and loppers with an oily
rag. Alternately, you can wipe your tools dry with a clean rag, and then
spray lightly with a penetrating oil such as WD40.
● Regularly sharpen your cutting tools as well as the blades of shovels and
spades during the gardening season. A hone or whetstone should be used for
sharpening cutting tools. A file should be used to remove nicks and
smoothen the edge of your shovels and trowels.
● Thoroughly clean any tools which have been used for chemical applications.
Fertilizers and other chemicals will rapidly corrode any metal parts.
● For extra rust prevention fill a 5 gallon bucket with builder‘s sand and pour
a quart of new motor oil over it. Use this as a shovel cleaner /oiler each time
you put your tools away. Push each tool into the oily sand several times. You
can also use this bucket as a shovel stand.

Safety Measures in Using Farm Tools According to Job Requirement

Hand tool injuries are more common. Even though hand tool injuries tend to
be less severe than power tool injuries. Because people take everyday farm tools for
granted, they forget to follow simple precautions for safety. The most common farm
tool accidents are caused by the following:
1. Failure to use the right tool.

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2. Failure to use a tool correctly.
3. Failure to keep edged tools sharp.
4. Failure to replace or repair a defective tool.
5. Failure to store tools safely.
6. Follow these guidelines for general farm tool use:
7. Wear safety glasses whenever you hammer or cut especially when
working with surfaces that chip or splinter.
8. Do not use a screwdriver as chisel. The tool can slip and cause a deep
puncture wound.
9. Do not use a chisel as screwdriver. The tip of the chisel may break or
cause an injury.
10.Do not use a knife as a screwdriver. The blade can snap and injure an
eye.
11.Never carry a screwdriver or chisel in your pocket. If you fall, the tool
could cause as serious injury. Instead, use a tool belt holder.
12.Replace loose, splintered, or cracked handles. Loose hammer, axe, or
maul heads can fly of defective handles.
13.Use the proper wrench to tighten or loosen nuts. Pliers can chew the
corners off a nut.
14.When using a chisel, always chip or cut away from yourself. Use a soft-
headed hammer or mallet strike a wooden chisel handle. A metal
hammer or mallet may cause the handle to split.
15.Do not use wrench if the jaws are sprung.
16.Do not use impact tool, such as chisels, wedges, or drift pins if their
heads are mushroom shaped. The heads may shatter upon impact.
17.Direct saw blades, knives, and other tools away from aisle areas and
other employees.
18.Keep knives and scissors sharp. Dull tools are more dangerous than
sharp tools.
19.Iron or steel tools may cause spark and can be hazardous around
flammable substances. Use spark-resistant tools made from brass,
plastic, aluminum, or wood when working around flammable hazards

What’s More

A. Using the graphic organizer, cite some advantages of having a good condition
tools and equipment.

GOOD CONDITION
TOOLS AND
EQUIPMENT

17
What I Have Learned

Activity 3. Inside the Box

To check your understanding, let us classify the hand tools in farm fishery
according to its kinds and purpose.
Choose the word/s found in the box and write it in the table below according
to its kind and purpose.

Slip-joint pliers Needle-nose pliers Standard

(slotted)
Combination wrench Curved Claw Hammer Clutch Head

Adjustable wrench Try square Caliper

Nut Driver Hand Drilling Hammer Socket wrench

Plumber’s special pliers Parrot nose wrench pliers Ruler

Cutting, Pinching, Measuring Tools Driving Tools Struck or

Gripping Tools Hammered Tools

18
What can I do

Activity 4. Venn diagram

Using the Venn diagram, compare and contrast the different kinds of hand tools in
crop productions.

PLIERS WRENCHES

19
SIMILARITIES
Figure 1. Venn Diagram

Assessment

A. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your
paper.
1. An L-shaped square having a handle called the bodies and a thin metal
blade marked in graduations like a scale/ruler.

a. Caliper b. Rules C. Try Square

2. Used for bending or shaping soft metal, for riveting and for center punching.

a. Straight Claw Rip Hammer b. Ball Peen Hammer c. Curved Claw

Hammer

3. A curved, hand-held farm tool typically used for harvesting grain crop or
cutting grass for hay.

a. Sickle b. Sec chi disk c. Pruning saw

4. Is traditionally called ―steel rake‖.

a. Level head rake b. Bow rake c. Trowel

5. Performs multitude of garden tasks. Primarily, it is used for tilling the soil
and breaking up heavy dirt clods.

a. Spading fork b. Scoop shovels c. Garden shovel

B. Fill in the Table. Write the functions and uses of the hand tools in fishery.

TOOLS/ EQUIPMENT FUNCTION USES

20
Additional Activities

Answer the following questions.

1. Give at least 4 common hand tools and equipment and their function.
a. _________________________________________________

21
b. _________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________
d. _________________________________________________

2. Why is it important to observe proper maintenance of crop production

equipment?
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Answer Key

Assessment What's More What I Know

C A A
B B A
A C B
B D C
A A C

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References

Santos C.P. and De Guzman I A. 1999. Technology and Home Economics

ABC‘s of Hand Tools. Their Current Usage and Care.

Task Force Tech-Voc. 2007. Competency-Based Learning Materials for

Aquaculture. Department of Education. Quezon City.

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27
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