Class 12 Physics Competency Based Questions
Class 12 Physics Competency Based Questions
Class 12 Physics Competency Based Questions
1. Using the mathematical expression for the conductivity of a material, explain how it
varies with temperature for
(i) semiconductors,
(ii) good conductors. (All India 2008)
Answer:
Conductivity σ = ne2τm
(i) Semiconductors: With increase in temperature, conductivity of semiconductor
increases. It is due to increase in V. It dominates the effect caused by decrease in ‘x’.
(ii) Good conductors : With increase in temperature, conductivity of good conductors
decreases. It is due to decrease in the value of relaxation time. The effect of
increased value of V is negligible.
2. Two metallic wires of the same material have the same length but cross-sectional
area is in the ratio 1 : 2. They are connected
(i) in series and
(ii) in parallel. Compare the drift velocities of electrons in the two wires in both the
cases (i) and (ii). (All India 2008)
Answer:
4. Nichrome and copper wires of same length and same radius are connected in
series. Current I is passed through them. Which wire gets heated up more?
Justify your answer. (Outside Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Nichrome :
Nichrome wire gets heated up more because of higher resistivity of nichrome.
ResistivityNI > Resistivity
5. A wire of 15 Ω resistance is gradually stretched to double its original length. It is then
cut into two equal parts. These parts are then connected in parallel across a 3.0 volt
battery. Find the current drawn from the battery. (All India 2009)
Answer:
R = 15 Ω
On stretching to double its original length, the resistance becomes R 1 = 60 Ω, as on
stretching volume is constant and Rα l2.
The two cut parts will have a resistance of 30 Ω each as they are connected in parallel,
the
8. cell of emf ‘E’ and internal resistance V is connected across a variable resistor ‘R’.
Plot a graph showing variation of terminal voltage ‘V’ of the cell versus the current ‘I’.
Using the plot, show how the emf of the cell and its internal resistance can be
determined. (All India 2014)
Answer:
Intercept of Y-axis will give the value of ‘E’; while the slope of the line will give the
value of internal resistance.
9. Using the concept of drift velocity of charge carriers in a conductor, deduce the
relationship between current density and resistivity of the conductor. (Comptt. Delhi
2015)
Answer:
The drift velocity is given by,
10. Two cells of emfs 1.5 V and 2.0 V having internal resistance 0.2 Ω and 0.3 Ω
respectively are connected in parallel. Calculate the emf and internal resistance of the
equivalent cell.(Delhi 2016)
Answer:
Given : E1 = 1.5 V, E2 = 2.0 V,
12.Question 1.
Which orientation of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field would
correspond to stable equilibrium ? (All India 2008)
Answer:
When dipole moment vector is parallel to electric field vector
P→∥E→
13.Question 2.
If the radius of the Gaussian surface enclosing a charge is halved, how does
the electric flux through the Gaussian surface change ?
Answer:
Electic flux ϕE is given by
ϕE=∮E→⋅ds⃗ =Qε0
…. where [Q is total charge inside the closed surface
∴ On changing the radius of sphere, the electric flux through the Gaussian
surface remains same.
14.Figure shows three point charges, +2q, -q and + 3q. Two charges +2q and -q
are enclosed within a surface ‘S’. What is the electric flux due to this
configuration through the surface ‘S’ (Delhi 2010)
Electric flux =∮SE→⋅dS−→
Why do the electrostatic field lines not form closed loops? (All India 2014)
Answer:
Electric field lines do not form closed loops because the direction of an electric field
is from positive to negative charge. So one can regard a line of force starting from a
positive charge and ending on a negative charge. This indicates that electric field .
lines do not form closed loops.
A point charge +Q is placed in the vicinity of a conducting surface. Draw the electric
field lines between the surface and the charge.
(Comptt. Outside Delhi 2017)
Answer:
17. The given graph shows variation of charge ‘q’ versus potential difference ‘V’ for two
capacitors C1 and C2. Both the capacitors have same plate seperation but plate area of
C2 is greater than that of C1. Which line (A or B) corresponds to C1 and why? (Comptt.
All India 2014)
Answer:
Line B corresponds to C1
Reason: Since slope (qv) of ‘B’ is less than that of ‘A’
18. A charge ‘q’ is moved from a point A above a dipole of dipole movement ‘p’ to a point
B below the dipole in equitorial plane without acceleration. Find the work done in the
process. (All India 2016)
Answer:
No work is done
[W = q VAB = q × 0 = 0, since potential remains constant]
Two point charges, q1 = 10 × 10-8C, q2 = -2 × 10-8C are seperated by a distance of 60
cm in air.
(i) Find at what distance from the 1st charge, q1 would the electric potential be zero.
(ii) Also calculate the electrostatic potential energy of the system. (All India 2008)
Answer:
(i) Given : q1 = 10 × 10-8C, q2 = -2 × 10-8C
AB = 60 cm = 0.60 = 0.6m
Let AP = x
19. (i) Can two equipotential surfaces intersect each other? Give reasons.
(ii) Two charges -q and + q are located at points A (0, 0, – a) and B (0, 0, +a)
respectively. How much work is done in moving a test charge from point P (7, 0, 0) to
Q (-3,0,0)? (Delhi 2009)
Answer:
(i) No, if they intersect, there will be two different directions of electric field at that
point which is not correct. If they intersect, then at the same point of intersection,
there will be two values of potential. This is not possible and hence two equipotential
surfaces cannot intersect.
(ii) Since both the points P and Q are on the equatorial line of the dipole and V = 0 at
every point on it, work done will be zero. Also the force on any charge is perpendicular
to the equatorial line, so work done is zero.
20.
Two uniformly large parallel thin plates having charge densities + σ and – σ are kept
in the X-Z plane at a distance ‘d’ apart. Sketch an equipotential surface due to electric
field between the plates. If a particle of mass m and charge q’ remains stationary
between the plates, what is the magnitude and direction of this field? (Delhi 2011)
Answer:
The equipotential surface is at a distance d/2 from either plate in X-Z plane. For a
particle of charge (- q) at rest between the plates, then
21. Figure shows two identical capacitors C 1 and C2, each of 2 µF capacitance, connected
to a battery of 5 V. Initially switch ‘S’ is left open and dielectric slabs of dielectric
constant K = 5 are inserted to fill completely the space between the plates of the two
capacitors. How will the charge and
(ii) potential difference between the plates of the capacitors be affected after the
slabs are inserted? (Delhi 2011)
Answer:
(i) When switch S is open and dielectric is introduced, charge on each capacitor will
be q1 = C1 V, q2 = C2V
q1 = 5CV
= 5 × 2 × 5 = 50 µC, q2 = 50 µC
Charge on each capacitor will become 5 times
22.
A test charge ‘q’ is moved without acceleration from A to C along the path from A to
B and then from B to C in electric field E as shown in the figure.
When the first capacitor is connected across the second capacitor, let the common potential
be V’
24. Three identical capacitors C1 C2 and C3 of capacitance 6 µF each are connected to a 12 V
battery as shown.
Find
(i) charge on each capacitor
(ii) equivalent capacitance of the network
(iii) energy stored in the network of capacitors. (Delhi 2009)
Answer:
C1 and C2 in series, make C4 = 3µF
using 1C4=1C1+1C2
(i) 12V of potential is available in C4 and C3.
Charge in C3 = Q3 = C3V
= 6 × 10-6 × 12 = 72 µC
Charge in C4 = Q4 = C4V
= 3 × 10-6 × 12 = 36 µC
∴ Charge on C1 and C2 will also be 36 μC
25. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery. After some time the battery is
disconnected and a dielectric slab of dielectric constant K is inserted between the plates.
How would
(i) the capacitance,
(ii) the electric field between the plates and
(iii) the energy stored in the capacitor, be affected? Justify your answer. (All India 2009)
Answer:
Let C be the capacitance and V be the potential difference.
The charge on the capacitor plates will then be Q = CV.
The electric field between the plates, E = Vd and the energy stored,
28. Two identical capacitors of 12 pF each are connected in series across a battery of 50 V.
How much electrostatic energy is stored in the combination ? If these were connected in
parallel across the same battery, how much energy will be stored in the combination now?
Also find the charge drawn from the battery in each case. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:
29.Two identical parallel plate capacitors A and B are connected to a battery of V volts with
the switch S closed. The switch is now opened and the free space between the plates of the
capacitors is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant K. Find the ratio of the total
electrostatic energy stored in both capacitors before and after the introduction of the
dielectric.
Answer:
29.
Find
(i) the force on the charge at the centre of shell and at the point A,
(ii) the electric flux through the shell. (Delhi 2015)
Answer:
(a) (i) Behaviour of conductor in an external electric field :
Explanation: In the presence of electric field, the free charge carriers in a conductor
move the charge distribution and the conductor readjusts itself so that the net
Electric field within the conductor becomes zero.
In a dielectric, the external electric field induces a net dipole moment, by stretching /
reorienting the molecules. The electric field, due to this induced dipole moment,
opposes, but does not exactly cancel the external electric field.
Polarisation: Induced Dipole moment, per unit volume, is called the polarisation. For
Linear isotropic dielectrics having a susceptibility xc, we have polarisation (p) as:
p = Xc E
(b) (i) Net Force on the charge y, placed at the centre of the shell, is zero.
Force on charge ‘2Q’ kept at point A,
30.