Skin - Integumentary System: Make Sentences Using The Following Words, in The Context of Skin

SKIN – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Make sentences using the following words, in the context of skin:

perspiration sebaceous glands exposure to sun
vitamin D barrier insulation
nails hair follicle pigment
Watch a short video about the integumentary system and answer the
following questions:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6iXx7xWJNI
What is the largest organ in the body? How much body weight does it comprise?
Which organs are located in the skin?
What is melanin?
Which two layers of skin are there?
How thick is epidermis?

1
Skin and its accessory organs comprising hair, nails and glands, are known as
the integumentary system of the body. The word“integument“ comes from
Latin and means covering.
Skin
Skin is the outer covering of the body. Skin is the largest organ of the body and
it performs a number of vital functions. The main functions of the skin are as
follows:
- it serves as a protective barrier against microorganisms due to the acidity of
its secretions;
- it helps protect the delicate, sensitive tissues underneath from mechanical
injuries;
- it is an insulator against heat and cold;
- it helps eliminate body wastes through perspiration;
- it guards against excessive exposure to the ultraviolet rays and it helps
produce the body's supply of vitamin D;
- it contains sense receptors which enable the body to feel pain, cold, heat,
touch and pressure.
Structure of the skin

The skin consists of two main layers and a subcutaneous fat layer:
Epidermis – is the outermost layer of the skin. The cells in this layer are
constantly growing and multiplying. The basal layer of the epidermis contains
special cells which form and contain a black pigment melanin. The amount of
melanin accounts for the colour differences among races. It is also responsible
for the protection against harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation which can
manifest itself as skin cancer.
Dermis – is the thicker part of the skin underneath the epidermis and is made
up of connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves. Lymph vesels,
hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands are also located in the dermis.
Collagen, a fibrous protein material, found also in bone, cartilage, tendons and
ligament, is another important structural component of the dermis. Iti s tough
and resistant, yet flexible.
2
Subcutaneous layer – is a layer of subcutaneous tissue, specialized for the
formation of fat. This tissue helps insulate the body against heat and cold and
cushions it against shock.
Hair
Hair is distributed over the entire body, except the soles and palms. The roots
of the hair lie in follicles. Hair is kept soft and flexible by sebaceous glandswhich
secrete varying amounts of oily sebum into the upper part of hair follicle
located near the surface of the skin. Hair turns gray when melanin is no longer
produced.
Nails
Nails are hard keratin plates that can grow indefinitely unless cut or broken.
The nails grow in much the same way as the hair. The pink colour of the nails is
due to their translucent quality which allows the underlying vascular tissue to
show through.
The major function of the nails is to protect the tips of the fingers and toes
from bruises and other kinds of injuries.
Glands – sebaceous and sweat glands

The sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion called the sebum. These glands
are filled with cells which are saturated with fatty droplets. The acidic nature of
sebum helps destroy harmful organisms on the surface of the skin and prevents
infection. Sebum also lubricates th eskin and minimizes water loss. Sebaceous
glands are influenced by sex hormones, which cause them to hypertrophy at
puberty and atrophy in old age.
Sweat glands collect fluid containing water, salt and waste products from the
blood and carry it away in canals that end in pores on the skin surface, where it
is deposited as sweat. Sweat, or perspiration, helps regulate body temperature
as well, because cooling of the skin occurs when sweat evaporates. The odour
produced when sweat accumulates on the skin is due to the action of bacteria
on sweat.
3
I. Complete the following sentences:
1. Integumentary system consists of: ____________, _____________,

______________ and ______________.
2. The sebaceous glands produce _______________.
3. Sweat or ________________ helps regualte body temperature.
4. Hair is distributed over _______________, except _____________ and
__________________.
II. Skin conditions

Look up and describe (using plain English) the following skin conditions:
 alopecia
 acne
 albinism
 decubitus ulcer
 melanoma
 rash
 vitiligo
III. Provide the noun form for the following adjectives:

allergic
ulcerative
present
distant
IV. Give the opposite of each term:
organic
hard
rational
4
thin
life
upward
visible
sensitive
V. Translate into Croatian:

Candida is a yeastlike fungus. The fungus is normally found on
mucous membranes, skin and vaginal mucosa. Under certain
circumstances (excessive warmth, antibiotics and corticosteroids, use
of birth control pills) it can change to a pathogen and cause localized
or generalized disease.

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SKIN – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Make sentences using the following words, in the context of skin:

Structure of the skin

Glands – sebaceous and sweat glands

1. Integumentary system consists of: , _,

II. Skin conditions

III. Provide the noun form for the following adjectives:

IV. Give the opposite of each term:

V. Translate into Croatian:

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