ã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã¨ããè¦åº§
ã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã¨ããæ¦å¿µï¼ãããã¯ç 究åéï¼ã®èªçã¯ã1948å¹´ãã²ã¨ãã®ä¸å½äººå»å¸«ã®ä¿¡å¿µã«ç«¯ãçºããã¨ãããããã®èæ¯ã«ãã£ãã®ã¯ããå½ã®ç·éãã¨ãå½ã®è³ªãã®ä¸åè¡¡ã§ãã£ãã
大å¯è±ªãã«ã»ã²ã¤ããã¾ãã«ããã®ä¸ã®ãã¹ã¦ãæã«å ¥ããç·ãã¯ããã¾ä½ãæ³ãã®ãï¼ 2009å¹´ã«è¡ãªã£ãè¬æ¼ã®ãªãã§ãå½¼ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ã¦ããããã¨ã¦ãéè¦ãªåé¡ãªã®ã«ãå¸å ´ã«ä»»ãã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ã解決ã«è³ããªããã¨ãããããã®ã¨ãã§ããå¯ä¸ã®ãã¨ã¯ãä¸çãæ±ããã°ã©ã³ãã»ãã£ã¬ã³ã¸ã示ããã¨ã ããããããã¨ã§ãããããæè½ããã£ã人ã ãå¼ã³è¾¼ããã¨ãã§ãããã
ã¯ã¦ãã°ã©ã³ãã»ãã£ã¬ã³ã¸ã¨ã¯ãã£ããä½ã§ãããã!? ãã®èµ·æºãæ¢ãã¨1900å¹´8æã¾ã§é¡ããã®ã¡ã«ç¾ä»£æ°å¦ã®ç¶ã¨å¼ã°ãããã¨ã«ãªãããã£ããã»ãã«ãã«ãã¯ãããªã§éå¬ãããå½éæ°å¦è ä¼è°ã«ããã¦ããæ°å¦ã«ããã23ã®æªè§£æ±ºåé¡ï¼ã°ã©ã³ãã»ãã£ã¬ã³ã¸ï¼ããæ示ããããã®ãã«ãã«ãã®åãããã§ãç¥ã®å¤§èªæµ·æ代ããå§ã¾ã£ããã¨è¨ã£ã¦ãéè¨ã§ã¯ãªããå®éãå¤ãã®ç 究è ãæªè§£æ±ºåé¡ã«åãçµã¿ãæ°å¦ã¯å¤§ããªçºå±ãéãããã¨ã«ãªããã¨ããä¸çã¯ãç´°ååã»è¤éåãã¦ããå¾åããããããæ¨ãè¦ã¦æ£®ãè¦ãã¨ãããã¨ãèµ·ãããã¡ã§ããããããããå ¨ä½åãæããé²ãã¹ãéãåããã¨ãããã«ãã«ãã®ç²¾ç¥ã¯ããã«ã»ã²ã¤ããã¯ããã¨ããå¾é²ãã¡ã«å¼ãç¶ãããã¨ããããã ã
ãã¦ãããã§åãããã22ä¸ç´ã«åãã¦ããã¾ä½ãã°ã©ã³ãã»ãã£ã¬ã³ã¸ããããã®ã ãããï¼ å ã«çµè«ããè¿°ã¹ãã¨ãæ¬ç¨¿ã§ã¯ãã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ãã¨ããã¢ã¤ãã¢ãææ¡ãããã以ä¸ããã®èæ¯ã«ã¤ãã¦è©³è¿°ããã
å½ã®è³ªã¯é«ã¾ã£ããï¼
ã¾ãã¯ã°ã©ããè¦ã¦ããã ããããéå»200å¹´ã«ãããã人é¡å ¨ä½ã®å¹³å寿å½ã®æ¨ç§»ï¼å³1ï¼ã示ãããã®ã ã
é©ãã¹ããã¨ã«ã1800å¹´ã®å¹³å寿å½ã¯ããã29æ³ã ã£ãããã¡ãããã®å¤§ããªçç±ã¯ãåã©ããã¡ã®é«ãæ»äº¡çã§ãããããã«é©æãã¹ãã¯ããã®å¾ã®å¹³å寿å½ã®ä¼¸ã³çã§ããã2016å¹´ã人é¡å ¨ä½ã®å¹³å寿å½ã¯ãªãã¨72æ³ã«ã¾ã§ãªã£ã¦ããããã®ããã«ãå½ã®ç«ãæ¶ããªããã¨ãã観ç¹ã«ç«ã¦ã°ã人é¡ã¯å¤§ããªé²æ©ãæãããã¨ãããããã®é²æ©ã¯ããã«å éããã¨ã¿ããã¦ããã2100å¹´ã«ã¯äººé¡å ¨ä½ã®å¹³å寿å½ã80æ³ãè¶ ããã¨ããè¨ããã¦ããã
ãã¡ãããå½ã®ç·éãã延伸ãããã¨ã¯ãé常ã«åã¶ã¹ããã¨ã ããã®ä¸æ¹ã§ããå½ã®è³ªãã¯ã©ã®ããã«æ¨ç§»ãã¦ããã®ã ãããï¼ ãã®çåã«çãã1æã®ã°ã©ããããï¼å³2ï¼ãæ¦å¾æ¥æ¬ã«ããããä¸äººå½ããGDPãã¨ãçæ´»æºè¶³åº¦ãã®æ¨ç§»ã示ãããã®ã ã
åç´ã«ãã®ã°ã©ããçºããã¨ããµãã¤ã®ç¹å¾´ãè¦ã¦ã¨ããã ãããããªãã¡ãä¸äººå½ããGDPã¯å³è©ä¸ããã®æé·ãéãã¦ãããã¨ãã¨ãããçæ´»æºè¶³åº¦ã¯ã»ã¨ãã©æ¹åãã¦ããªããã¨ã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã§ãã®ãããªç¾è±¡ãã¿ããããã¨ã¯ãä¸çã«å¤§ããªè¡æãä¸ããããã®èæ¯ã«ã¯ãGDPã¨ããæ¦å¿µãçºæããå¾ã«ãã¼ãã«è³ãæä¸ããããµã¤ã¢ã³ã»ã¯ãºãããã«ãã以ä¸ã®çºè¨ãããããä¸çã«ã¯4種é¡ã®å½ããããå é²å½ã¨éä¸å½ãããã¦æ¥æ¬ã¨ã¢ã«ã¼ã³ãã³ã ããã¯ãºãããããã®çºè¨ãããã®ã¯ã1960年代ãã¾ã 人ã ãä¸çãåç´ã«æãã¦ããæ代ã ã
ããã¦éè¦ãªã®ããæ¥æ¬ã¨ã¢ã«ã¼ã³ãã³ã®ä½ç½®ã¥ãã§ãããã¨ããã®ãå½æãå é²å½ããéä¸å½ã«è½ã¡ãå¯ä¸ã®å½ãã¢ã«ã¼ã³ãã³ãéã«éä¸å½ããå é²å½ã«ä¸ãã£ãå¯ä¸ã®å½ãæ¥æ¬ã ã£ãã®ã ãããæ ãæ¥æ¬ã¨ã¢ã«ã¼ã³ãã³ã§ç¤¾ä¼ã«ã©ã®ãããªå¤åãèµ·ããã®ããç 究è ãã¡ã¯ç±ãè¦ç·ã注ãã§ããã®ã ããã®æ¥æ¬ã§ãçµæ¸ã寿å½ã大ãã延伸ããã«ããããããããå½ã®è³ªãã¯ã¾ã£ããå¤åãã¦ããªãã£ããããã«é©ãã¹ãã¯ãåæ§ã®å¾åãã¢ã¡ãªã«ãã¯ããã¨ãã諸å¤å½ã§ãèµ·ãã¦ããã¨ããå ±åãç¸æ¬¡ãã ã®ã ã
人é¡ãé·ããè¦ããã¦ããã®ã¯ãæ¦äºãç æ°ãããã¦è²§å°ã§ããããã®3大è¦ã®å æã¯é·ãã«ããã人é¡ã®å¤¢ã ã£ããããã¦20ä¸ç´ã¯ãã¾ãã«ãã®å¤¢ã«è¿ã¥ããæ代ã ã£ãã¨ãããããããããµããéãã¦ã¿ãã¨ãè¦ãã¿ãåãé¤ãã°ãèªç¶ã¨äººã ã®çæ´»ãè¼ãããã§ã¯ãªãã¨ããäºå®ã«ç 究è ãã¡ã¯æ°ã¥ãå§ããã®ã ã£ãã
ã§ã¯ãè¦ãã¿ãåãé¤ããã人é¡ã¯ããã£ããä½ãããããã«ãªã£ãã®ãï¼ ããã«ãå½ã®è³ªããé«ãããã³ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããï¼ ãã®ãããªåãã«åãçµãã ã®ããã¢ã©ã³ã»ã¯ã«ã¼ã¬ã¼ææï¼ããªã³ã¹ãã³å¤§å¦ãçµæ¸å¦è ï¼ã§ããã
2007å¹´ãã¯ã«ã¼ã¬ã¼ææã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«äººã¯ä½ã«æéã使ãããã«ãªã£ã¦ããã®ãï¼ãã¨ããç 究ãçºè¡¨ãã1ï¼ã40å¹´éï¼1965-2005å¹´ï¼ã«ããããã¼ã¿ãåæããçµæã次ã®ãããªçºè¦ãããããç·æ§ï¼ãä»äºãããæéããæ¸ããæ¿ããã«ãã¼ã¼ã£ã¨ããæéããå¢ããï¼å¥³æ§ï¼ã家äºã®æéããæ¸ããæ¿ããã«ãä»äºãããæéãã¨ãã¼ã¼ã£ã¨ããæéããå¢ãããããã£ããä¸ã®ä¸ãè±ãã«ä¾¿å©ã«ãªã£ãã®ã«ãç·å¥³ã¨ãã«TVãªã©ã観ã¦ãã¼ã¼ã£ã¨ããæéããå¢ãã¦ããã®ã ã
ããã¯å¥ã«ã¼ã¼ã£ã¨ãããã®ã§ããã°åé¡ã¯ãªããããããæ¬äººãã¡ã¯å¦ã³ãåéã¨ä¼ããªã©ããã£ã¨ããã¸ãã£ã´ãªæ´»åãããããã¨è¨ã£ã¦ããã®ã ãã¨ãããå®éã¯ãTVãªã©ã®ããã¥ã¼ãã©ã«ãªæ´»åãã«è²»ããã¦ãããã¤ã¾ããã¢ã¡ãªã«äººã¯éå»40å¹´éã家äºãä»äºãªã©ã®ããã¬ãã£ã´ãªæ´»åããæ¸ããã¦ä½ã£ãæéããããã¸ãã£ã´ãªæ´»åãã§ã¯ãªããããã¥ã¼ãã©ã«ãªæ´»åãã«è²»ããã¦ããã®ã ãããããå½ã®è¼ããæãã¦ããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããããããªä»®èª¬ãç«ã¤ã
å®ã¯ãã®ãããªç¶æ³ã«ãªããã¨ã¯ãåä¸ç´ä»¥ä¸åã®æ¥æ¬ã§äºæ³ããã¦ããã1960å¹´ãå½æã§ããã°ããã®ç§å¦æè¡åºã¯ãå»çãå®å®ãæ°è±¡ãå°éã交éãä½ç°å¢ãåååãªã©ãã¾ãã¾ãªåéã®é è³ãéããæè¡ã®çºå±ã«ãã社ä¼ãã©ãå¤åãããã¨ãã¾ã¨ããè¡ãªã£ã2ï¼ãä¾ãã°æºå¸¯é»è©±ãé»åã¬ã³ã¸ãªã©ãå°ãªããã¬æ°ã®äºæ³ãå½ãã£ã¦ããããªãã§ã極ãã¦èå³æ·±ãã®ãããçæ´»ã便å©ã«ãªããå»å¦ã®çºéã§å¯¿å½ãé·ããªãã¨ãæããã¦ä½ãåé¡ã¨ãªããï¼ãã¨ããäºæ¸¬ã§ããããªãã¨ããã¯ãéå±ãã ã¨ããã®ã ã21ä¸ç´ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«äººãã決ãã¦æºè¶³ã®ãããªããã¥ã¼ãã©ã«ãªæ´»åã«æéãè²»ããæ§ãäºè¦ãã¦ãããã®ããã ã
ãã¦ãããã¾ã§ã®è©±ãæ´çããããé·ãã«ããã人é¡ã¯ãç æ°ã貧å°ãæ¦äºã«è¦ããããã¦ããããã¡ãããã¾ã å¤ãã®åé¡ãæ®ããã¦ãããã®ã®ã20ä¸ç´ã¯ããã3大è¦ã«å¯¾ãã¦ä¸å®ã®è§£æ±ºãè¡ãªã£ãé»éã®ä¸ç´ã§ãã£ãã¨ããããããã®çµæãããããã¡äººé¡ãç´é¢ãããã¨ã«ãªã£ãæ°ããªèª²é¡ã¯ããå½ã®è³ªããããã«ãã¦è±ããªãã®ã«ã§ããã®ãã¨ããã°ã©ã³ãã»ãã£ã¬ã³ã¸ã ãä¸è¦ããã¯ãå²å¦ãå®æãæ±ããã¼ãã®ããã«æãããè¿å¹´çå£ãªç§å¦ã®å¯¾è±¡ã«ãªã£ã¦ãããããããã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ãã¨å¼ã°ããå¦åé åã§ããã
ã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã®èªç
ã©ããªå¦ååéã§ããããã®åºæ¬çãªææ³ã¯ãèªçã®ã¨ãã«æãæ確ãªããã¡ãã¨ããã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã®æ£ç¢ºãªèµ·æºã¯ä¸æã§ããããå§åã¯ç¬¬2次ä¸ç大æ¦å¾ã«é¡ããäºåº¦ã«ãããä¸ç大æ¦ã¸ã®åçãããå½é社ä¼ã¯å¹³åã«åãã¦æ©ã¿å§ãããä¾ãã°å½éé£åã®è¨ç½®ã¯ãã®è±¡å¾´ã§ããããããä¸æè°ãªãã¨ã«ããå½ããæ±ãå½éæ©é¢ã®è¨ç½®ã¯è¨ç»ããã¦ããªãã£ããããã§ç«ã¡ä¸ãã£ãã®ããä¸å½äººã®ã¹ã¼ãã³ã»ã¹ã¼ï¼å»å¸«ï¼ã§ããããä¸çå¹³åã®ç¤ã¯ãå¥åº·ã§ããã¹ãã ãã¨ããå¼·ã信念ããã¡ãWorld Health Organizationï¼WHOï¼ä¸çä¿å¥æ©é¢ï¼ã®åµè¨ã訴ããèªãããããã¨ã«ãªãã
ããã§æ³¨ç®ãã¹ãã¯ãWorld âDiseaseâ Organizationã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã¨ããç¹ã ããã§ã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãããã¾ã§äººé¡ã¯ç æ°ï¼Diseaseï¼ã«è¦ããããã¦ããã®ã§ãæ®éã«èããã°Diseaseãä¸å¿ã¨ããçµç¹ã«ãªãã¯ãã§ãããããããã¹ã¼ãã³ã»ã¹ã¼ã¯æ¥µãã¦å è¦æ§ã®ããç·ã§ãã£ããã¾ã ã¾ã 対çãã¹ãç æ°ããããªããããã¦âHealthâã¨ããè¨èã使ããããã次ã®ãããªå®ç¾©ã¾ã§è¡ãªã£ãã®ã ããå¥åº·ã¨ã¯ãç æ°ã§ãªãã¨ããå¼±ã£ã¦ããªãã¨ãããã¨ã§ã¯ãªããèä½çã«ããç²¾ç¥çã«ããããã¦ç¤¾ä¼çã«ãããã¹ã¦ãã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ãªç¶æ ã«ãããã¨ããããã極端ãªãã¨ãè¨ãã°ããã¨ãç æ°ããã£ãã¨ãã¦ããã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã§ããã°å¥åº·ã¨ã¿ãªãããã
ãã®ãå¥åº·ï¼ã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ãã¨ããã¢ã¤ãã¢ã¯ã1948å¹´ã«å®ç¾©ããã¦ä»¥æ¥ãä¸åº¦ãå¤æ´ããããã¾ã«è³ããããã¦ãããå§åã¨ãã¦ãã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ç 究ã¯å§ã¾ã£ããå½ããåã§ãããã測å®ãããªããã®ã¯ãæ¹åãããããªããç´è¨³ããã¨ãããçãã¦ããç¶æ ãã¨ãªãã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã ããç 究è ã®éã§æããã使ããã測å®æ³ã¯ãã«ã³ããªã«ã®é梯ï¼ããã¦ãï¼ãã¨å¼ã°ããæ¹æ³ã ãããçãã¦ãããã©ããã¯ãä¸äººã²ã¨ããã®å¤æåºæºãç°ãªããä¾ãã°ãããéããéè¦ãã人ãããä¸æ¹ãã家æããä½ããã大äºã«ãã人ãããããã®ãããªåå¥ã®å¤æåºæºã«è¸ã¿è¾¼ãã¨ããªããªãã®ã§ããã«ã³ããªã«ã®é梯ãã§ã¯ããããã®åºæºã«å¾ãèªåã®äººçã10段éã§è©ä¾¡ãã¦ãããï¼å³3ï¼ããã®æ¹æ³ã¯50年以ä¸ã使ããã¦ããããã®æå¹æ§ã»å¦¥å½æ§ãç§å¦çã«ç¢ºããããã¦ããã
ããã¦2005å¹´ãä¸çæ大ã®ä¸è«èª¿æ»ä¼ç¤¾ã®ã£ã©ãã社ã«ãããã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã®ä¸ç調æ»ãå§ã¾ã£ããä¸ç人å£ã®98%ãã«ã´ã¡ã¼ãããã®ãã¼ã¿ã使ããå½éé£åã¯2012å¹´ãããWorld Happiness Reportï¼ä¸ç幸ç¦åº¦å ±åï¼ãã¨é¡ãããªãã¼ããçºè¡ããåå½ã®ã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã«ã¤ãã¦æ¯å¹´å ±åããããã«ãªã£ãããã¡ããã測å®ããã ãã§æ¹åãèµ·ããããã§ã¯ãªããéãããããã¼ã¿ã解æã»è§£éããã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã®è¦å ã¯ä½ãªã®ãããã®è¦å ãåããã«ã¯ã©ã®ãããªã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãæ±ããããã®ããããã¦å®éã«ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãè¡ãªãã°æ¬å½ã«ã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã¯æ¹åããã®ãããªã©ãã¾ãã¾ãªæ¤è¨ãæ±ããããã
ã®ã£ã©ãã社ã«ããã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã®ãã¼ã¿ã¯ãã¾ãã«ãã®ãããªæ¤è¨ãå¯è½ã«ãã¦ããããã®ã§ãããä¾ãã°éå»5å¹´éãã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ãä¸ããç¶ãã¦ããå½ããããã«ã³ãã¸ã¢ãã¨ã¹ããã¢ããã³ã¬ãªã¼ãã©ãã´ã£ã¢ããã¼ã©ã³ããã«ã¼ããã¢ãªã©ã§ããï¼å³4ï¼ããããã®å½ã«çç®ãã¦ãã£ããä½ãèµ·ãã¦ããã®ãã調ã¹ããã¨ã§ãã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã®è¦å ã«ã¤ãã¦æ°ããªçºè¦ããããããããªããããããã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ããããæ¢ç©¶ã¯ãããã端ç·ã«ã¤ããã°ããã§ããã
22ä¸ç´ã«åããã°ã©ã³ãã»ãã£ã¬ã³ã¸ã®å¯¾è±¡ããå½ã®è³ªãã§ãããªãã°ãã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã¯ã¾ãã«ãã®ã©çãä¸ã®é åã§ããããã²å¤ãã®æè½ãçµéãããã¨ãé¡ãï¼ç¬¬2åã»ãã¬ãã¸ç·¨ã«ç¶ãï¼ã
åèæç®ï¼
1: Krueger AK. Are we having more fun yetï¼ Categorizing and evaluating changes in time allocation. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity ï¼2007ï¼ 2ï¼193-217.
2: ã21ä¸ç´ã¸ã®é段â40å¹´å¾ã®æ¥æ¬ã®ç§å¦æè¡ãï¼å¼æå ï¼
ç³å·å樹 | YOSHIKI ISHIKAWA
1981å¹´åºå³¶ççã¾ããæ±äº¬å¤§å¦å»å¦é¨å¥åº·ç§å¦ç§åæ¥ããã¼ã´ã¡ã¼ã大å¦å
¬è¡è¡ç大å¦é¢ä¿®äºå¾ãèªæ²»å»ç§å¤§å¦ã§å士ï¼å»å¦ï¼åå¾ãã人ãããããçããã¨ã¯ä½ããããã¼ãã¨ãã¦ä¼æ¥ã大å¦ã¨å¦éçç 究ãè¡ãªããå°éåéã¯ãäºé²å»å¦ãè¡åç§å¦ãè¨ç®åµé å¦ãªã©ãè¿èã«ãä»äºã¯ããã¤ã«å§ãããªãï¼ãã¬ã¸ãã³ã社ï¼ãããã¼ãªãã¦ã³ãã»ãã¤ã¨ãããï¼æ³ç 社ï¼ãªã©ã
ããã人çã¨ã¯ä½ãï¼ãããããä¸æ®µè«æ³
1: ã¢ã¤ãã¢ç·¨ï¼ã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ã¨ããè¦åº§
2: ãã¬ãã¸ç·¨ï¼ãã人çã¨ã¯ä½ãï¼
3: ãã¦ãã¦ç·¨ï¼ã¦ã§ã«ãã¼ã¤ã³ã°ãããã«æ¸¬å®ãããï¼
TEXT BY YOSHIKI ISHIKAWA
ARTWORK BY WIRED DESIGN GENERATOR
PHOTOGRAPHS BY ELKE MEITZEL