烏
|
Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]烏 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口卜火 (HRYF), four-corner 27327, composition ⿱丿⿹⿺㇉⿱コ一灬)
Derived characters
[edit]- 𠌥(𠆿), 𭂛, 𠭬, 嗚(呜), 塢(坞), 𡠄, 嵨, 𢄓, 𢞬, 摀, 溩, 隖(𬮻), 㮧, 熓(𤆡), 瑦, 䃖, 𥻼, 螐, 𧪛, 䡧, 鎢(钨), 𨻑, 𪦭, 䖚, 𩈺, 𩌗, 𩝷, 鰞, 𪄝, 𠥹, 𪏝
- 𣯑, 𧽋, 𠞆(𠛆), 鄔(邬), 歍, 𣦑, 𫸼, 𬚭, 𫕜, 𤑎, 𫖤, 𦶀, 𩮮, 𤸼, 𨶇, 𡈎
Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 670, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18998
- Dae Jaweon: page 1079, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2202, character 3
- Unihan data for U+70CF
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 烏 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 乌 | |
alternative forms | 𠂶 𡖗 𡗃 𤚶 𥾪 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 烏 | |
---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
Pictogram (象形) – a bird. Compare 鳥 (“bird”), of similar development.
Etymology
[edit]- “crow; black; dark”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”) (STEDT). Doublet of 鴉 (OC *qraː, “crow; raven”), which retains the earlier vowel in Middle Chinese (*ʔˠa), and 鸒 (OC *la, *las, “jackdaw”).
- Schuessler (2007) considers it to be onomatopoeic, and compares it with Proto-Loloish *akᴸ (“crow”).
- “Black; dark” is a semantic extension of “crow” – “black as a crow”. Compare 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”), which is cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).
- “sun”
- The Three-legged crow was thought to reside in the Sun.
- interrogative pronoun
- Related to the following interrogative pronouns with similar phonological shapes in Old Chinese (Wang, 1982), with differing suffixes:
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): wu1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): vu1
- Eastern Min (BUC): ŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1u
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): u1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wu
- Wade–Giles: wu1
- Yale: wū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: u
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wù
- Wade–Giles: wu4
- Yale: wù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
- Palladius: у (u)
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wu1
- Yale: wū
- Cantonese Pinyin: wu1
- Guangdong Romanization: wu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /wuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vû
- Hakka Romanization System: vuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: vu1
- Sinological IPA: /vu²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: vuˋ
- Sinological IPA: /vu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: vu1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- ou1 - vernacular;
- u1 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: 'u
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]ˤa/, /*qˤa/, /*ʔˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qaː/
Definitions
[edit]烏
- crow; raven; rook
- (obsolete, metonymically) sun
- (literary or in compounds or Hakka, Min) black; dark
- 烏雲/乌云 ― wūyún ― dark cloud
- 烏油油/乌油油 ― wūyóuyóu ― glossy black
- 嘴唇發烏/嘴唇发乌 ― zuǐchún fā wū ― one's lips turn black
- 匈奴騎,其西方盡白馬,東方盡青駹馬,北方盡烏驪馬,南方盡騂馬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Xiōngnú qí, qí xīfāng jìn báimǎ, dōngfāng jìn qīng máng mǎ, běifāng jìn wū lí mǎ, nánfāng jìn xīng mǎ. [Pinyin]
- The mounted troops of the Xiongnu on the west all had white horses; on the east, all blue-green horses; on the north, all black horses; on the south, all red horses.
匈奴骑,其西方尽白马,东方尽青𮪡马,北方尽乌骊马,南方尽骍马。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to dye black
- (literary) An interrogative pronoun with a variety of meanings, including "how", "why", "where", etc.
- Short for 烏克蘭/乌克兰 (Wūkèlán, “Ukraine”).
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]See also
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 三足烏/三足乌 (sānzúwū)
- 九烏/九乌 (jiǔwū)
- 付之烏有/付之乌有
- 伊哩烏蘆/伊哩乌芦
- 何首烏/何首乌 (héshǒuwū)
- 兔缺烏沉/兔缺乌沉
- 兔走烏飛/兔走乌飞 (tùzǒuwūfēi)
- 化為烏有/化为乌有 (huàwéiwūyǒu)
- 子虛烏有/子虚乌有 (zǐxū-wūyǒu)
- 屋上瞻烏/屋上瞻乌
- 屋烏/屋乌
- 屋烏推愛/屋乌推爱
- 巴烏/巴乌 (bāwū)
- 愛屋及烏/爱屋及乌 (àiwūjíwū)
- 慈烏/慈乌 (cíwū)
- 慈烏反哺/慈乌反哺
- 慈烏返哺/慈乌返哺
- 擺烏龍/摆乌龙 (bǎiwūlóng)
- 日烏/日乌 (rìwū)
- 月落烏啼/月落乌啼
- 東兔西烏/东兔西乌
- 柏吉烏斯/柏吉乌斯
- 柏臺烏府/柏台乌府
- 格別烏/格别乌
- 海烏/海乌
- 渴烏/渴乌
- 烏七八糟/乌七八糟 (wūqībāzāo)
- 烏之雌雄/乌之雌雄
- 烏亮/乌亮 (wūliàng)
- 烏什/乌什 (Wūshí)
- 烏來/乌来 (Wūlái)
- 烏克蘭/乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
- 烏兔/乌兔
- 烏卒卒/乌卒卒
- 烏厘單刀/乌厘单刀
- 烏厘馬查/乌厘马查
- 烏合/乌合 (wūhé)
- 烏合之卒/乌合之卒
- 烏呼/乌呼 (wūhū)
- 烏哺/乌哺
- 烏啄啄/乌啄啄
- 烏圖美仁/乌图美仁 (Wūtúměirén)
- 烏坎/乌坎 (Wūkǎn)
- 烏坵/乌丘 (Wūqiū, “Wuqiu”)
- 烏塗/乌涂
- 烏塗水/乌涂水
- 烏壓壓/乌压压
- 烏夏巴什/乌夏巴什 (Wūxiàbāshí)
- 烏天黑地/乌天黑地
- 烏孜別里/乌孜别里 (Wūzībiélǐ)
- 烏孫/乌孙 (wūsūn)
- 烏尊/乌尊 (Wūzūn)
- 烏帽/乌帽
- 烏干達/乌干达 (Wūgāndá)
- 烏府/乌府
- 烏心石/乌心石
- 烏恰/乌恰 (Wūqià)
- 烏托邦/乌托邦 (wūtuōbāng)
- 烏拉/乌拉
- 烏拉圭/乌拉圭 (Wūlāguī)
- 烏拉山/乌拉山
- 烏拉草/乌拉草
- 烏日/乌日 (Wūrì)
- 烏有/乌有 (wūyǒu)
- 烏有先生/乌有先生
- 烏木/乌木 (wūmù)
- 烏林/乌林 (Wūlín)
- 烏桓/乌桓 (Wūhuán)
- 烏梅/乌梅 (wūméi)
- 烏梁海 (Wūliánghǎi)
- 烏梅酒/乌梅酒
- 烏毛蕨/乌毛蕨
- 烏氏倮/乌氏倮
- 烏江/乌江 (Wūjiāng)
- 烏油油/乌油油 (wūyóuyóu)
- 烏溜溜/乌溜溜
- 烏烏/乌乌
- 烏焉成馬/乌焉成马
- 烏煙瘴氣/乌烟瘴气 (wūyānzhàngqì)
- 烏爾其/乌尔其 (Wū'ěrqí)
- 烏獲/乌获
- 烏白馬角/乌白马角
- 烏盆計/乌盆计
- 烏眼雞/乌眼鸡
- 烏矸仔貯豆油/乌矸仔贮豆油 (o͘ kan-á té tāu-iû)
- 烏竹/乌竹
- 烏紗/乌纱 (wūshā)
- 烏紗帽/乌纱帽 (wūshāmào)
- 烏絲欄/乌丝栏
- 烏腳病/乌脚病
- 烏臼/乌臼
- 烏舅金奴/乌舅金奴
- 烏芋/乌芋 (wūyù)
- 烏薪/乌薪
- 烏藥/乌药 (wūyào)
- 烏蘇/乌苏 (Wūsū)
- 烏蘇里江/乌苏里江 (Wūsūlǐ Jiāng)
- 烏蘭木倫/乌兰木伦 (Wūlánmùlún)
- 烏號/乌号
- 烏衣/乌衣
- 烏衣子弟/乌衣子弟
- 烏衣巷/乌衣巷
- 烏衣郎/乌衣郎
- 烏豆/乌豆
- 烏賊/乌贼 (wūzéi)
- 烏賊車/乌贼车
- 烏金/乌金 (wūjīn)
- 烏雲/乌云 (wūyún)
- 烏雲密布/乌云密布 (wūyúnmìbù)
- 烏雲著頂/乌云著顶
- 烏雲蔽日/乌云蔽日
- 烏鞘嶺/乌鞘岭
- 烏頭/乌头 (wūtóu)
- 烏頰魚/乌颊鱼
- 烏飛兔走/乌飞兔走
- 烏骨雞/乌骨鸡 (wūgǔjī)
- 烏髮/乌发
- 烏鬢/乌鬓
- 烏鬼/乌鬼 (wūguǐ)
- 烏魚/乌鱼 (wūyú)
- 烏魚子/乌鱼子 (wūyúzǐ)
- 烏魚蛋/乌鱼蛋
- 烏魯克恰提/乌鲁克恰提 (Wūlǔkèqiàtí)
- 烏魯克薩依/乌鲁克萨依 (Wūlǔkèsàyī)
- 烏魯卻勒/乌鲁却勒 (Wūlǔquèlè)
- 烏魯木齊/乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí)
- 烏鳥之情/乌鸟之情
- 烏鳥私情/乌鸟私情
- 烏鴉/乌鸦 (wūyā)
- 烏鴉嘴/乌鸦嘴 (wūyāzuǐ)
- 烏鴉閃蛋/乌鸦闪蛋
- 烏鵑/乌鹃 (wùjuān)
- 烏鵲成橋/乌鹊成桥
- 烏鵲橋/乌鹊桥
- 烏鵲通巢/乌鹊通巢
- 烏麥/乌麦
- 烏黑/乌黑 (wūhēi)
- 烏黢黢/乌黢黢
- 烏龍/乌龙 (wūlóng)
- 烏龍茶/乌龙茶 (wūlóngchá)
- 烏龍院/乌龙院
- 烏龍麵/乌龙面 (wūlóngmiàn)
- 烏龜/乌龟 (wūguī)
- 烏龜亡八/乌龟亡八
- 爛板烏龜/烂板乌龟
- 白兔赤烏/白兔赤乌 (báitùchìwū)
- 瞻烏/瞻乌
- 童烏/童乌
- 縮頭烏龜/缩头乌龟 (suōtóu wūguī)
- 義烏/义乌 (Yìwū)
- 草烏/草乌
- 金烏/金乌 (jīnwū)
- 金烏玉兔/金乌玉兔 (jīnwūyùtù)
- 銅烏/铜乌
- 陽烏/阳乌 (yángwū)
- 馬角烏白/马角乌白
- 鴉烏/鸦乌
- 黑眉烏嘴/黑眉乌嘴
References
[edit]- “烏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02407
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: う (u)
- Kan-on: お (o)←を (wo, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: え (e)
- Kun: からす (karasu, 烏)、いずくんぞ (izukunzo, 烏んぞ)←いづくんぞ (idukunzo, 烏んぞ, historical)、なんぞ (nanzo, 烏ぞ)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
烏 |
からす Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
鴉 |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *karasu.
Compound of から (kara, “caw”, onomatopoeia, imitative of a crow's caw) + す (su, “bird”, ancient suffix appearing in certain bird names).[1] Compare the す (su) in 鶯 (uguisu), 杜鵑 (hototogisu), モズ (mozu).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 烏揚羽 (karasu ageha)
- 烏瓜 (karasu uri)
- 烏が鵜の真似 (karasu ga u no mane)
- 烏頭 (karasugashira)
- 烏座 (Karasuza): the Corvus constellation
- 烏山椒 (karasu sanshō)
- 烏樒 (karasu shikimi)
- 烏の行水 (karasu no gyōzui): a quick bath
- 烏柄杓 (karasu-bishaku)
- 烏蛇 (karasuhebi)
- 烏麦 (karasumugi)
- 海烏 (umigarasu)
- 川烏 (kawakarasu)
- 子烏 (kogarasu)
- 三羽烏 (sanbakarasu)
- 濡烏 (nuregarasu): jet-black
- 羽衣烏 (hagoromo-garasu)
- 八咫烏 (yatagarasu): three legged crow in Japanese mythology
- 夜烏 (yogarasu)
- 渡烏 (watarigarasu): common raven
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
烏 |
う Jinmeiyō |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 烏 (MC 'u).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]- crow; raven
- black; dark
- (figuratively) sun
- A Chinese interrogative for rhetorical questions.
- 烏有 ― uyū ― (literally “not-have”) nonexistence; nothing
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Kikai
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
烏 |
がらさー Jinmeiyō |
Kanji in this term |
---|
烏 |
がるさー Jinmeiyō |
Alternative spelling |
---|
鴉 |
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).
Noun
[edit]烏 or 烏 (garasā or garusā)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]烏 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
Northern Amami Ōshima
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
烏 |
がらすぃ Jinmeiyō |
Alternative spelling |
---|
鴉 |
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).
Noun
[edit]烏 (garasï)
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
烏 |
がらし Jinmeiyō |
Alternative spelling |
---|
鴉 |
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).
Noun
[edit]烏 (garashi)
Okinoerabu
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
烏 |
がらし Jinmeiyō |
Alternative spelling |
---|
鴉 |
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).
Noun
[edit]烏 (garashi)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Yonaguni
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
烏 |
がらち Jinmeiyō |
Alternative spelling |
---|
鴉 |
Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).
Noun
[edit]烏 (garachi)
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- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Corvids
- Kikai kanji
- Kikai jinmeiyō kanji
- Kikai terms spelled with 烏 read as がらさー
- Kikai terms spelled with 烏 read as がるさー
- Kikai lemmas
- Kikai nouns
- Kikai terms with multiple readings
- Kikai terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Kikai terms with 1 kanji
- Kikai terms spelled with 烏
- Kikai single-kanji terms
- kzg:Corvids
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Northern Amami Ōshima kanji
- Northern Amami Ōshima jinmeiyō kanji
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 烏 read as がらすぃ
- Northern Amami Ōshima lemmas
- Northern Amami Ōshima nouns
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms with multiple readings
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms with 1 kanji
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 烏
- Northern Amami Ōshima single-kanji terms
- ryn:Corvids
- Okinawan kanji
- Okinawan jinmeiyō kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with 烏 read as がらし
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Okinawan terms with 1 kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with 烏
- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- ryu:Corvids
- Okinoerabu kanji
- Okinoerabu jinmeiyō kanji
- Okinoerabu terms spelled with 烏 read as がらし
- Okinoerabu lemmas
- Okinoerabu nouns
- Okinoerabu terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Okinoerabu terms with 1 kanji
- Okinoerabu terms spelled with 烏
- Okinoerabu single-kanji terms
- okn:Corvids
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Yonaguni kanji
- Yonaguni jinmeiyō kanji
- Yonaguni terms spelled with 烏 read as がらち
- Yonaguni lemmas
- Yonaguni nouns
- Yonaguni terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Yonaguni terms with 1 kanji
- Yonaguni terms spelled with 烏
- Yonaguni single-kanji terms
- yoi:Corvids