發

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See also: 发, 発, and 彂
發 U+767C, 發
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767C
← 登
[U+767B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 白 →
[U+767D]

Translingual

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Stroke order
12 strokes
Traditional 發
Shinjitai 発
Simplified 发

Han character

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發 (Kangxi radical 105, 癶+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 弓人弓竹水 (NONHE), four-corner 12247, composition ⿱癶𭚧 or ⿹癹弓)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 784, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1194, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2761, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+767C

Chinese

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trad. 發
simp. 发*
alternative forms
発
㢭
𤼲
𤼵
彂
発
㢭
𤼲
𤼵
彂
活 (stirred with water)
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 發
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (癹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
發 *pad
癹 *pʰaːd, *baːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pad) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 癹 (OC *pʰaːd, *baːd).

Etymology 1

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STEDT compares 發 (OC *pad) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-p(r)ats (“to vomit”), whence Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-pat (“to vomit”) (> Burmese ပစ် (pac, “to shoot, to throw, to eject”)) and Jingpho ǹ-phàt (“to vomit”).

According to Schuessler (2007), this is an area word; compare Proto-Vietic *ɓah (“to vomit”), Mon ပန် (“to shoot”).

A derivation is probably 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • fat - literary;
  • pot - vernacular.
Note:
  • buók - vernacular;
  • huák - literary.
Note:
  • hoat - literary;
  • hoa̍t - only in 發落 and “stirred with water”.
Note:
  • huêg4 - Chaozhou;
  • huag4 - Shantou;
  • biuh4 - vernacular, in some words;
  • baoh4 - vernacular, in some words.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: huag4 / bhag4
      • Sinological IPA: /huak̚⁵/, /bak̚⁵/
Note:
  • huag4 - vernacular;
  • bhag4 - literary.
Rime
Character 發
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 月 (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方伐切
Baxter pjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puat̚/
Li
Rong 		/piuɐt̚/
Wang
Li 		/pĭwɐt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fa
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 發
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.pat/
English fly forth, send forth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 發
Reading # 1/1
No. 164
Phonetic
component 		癹
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		髮
Old
Chinese 		/*pad/

Definitions

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發

  1. to shoot; to launch
    發射／发射  ―  fāshè  ―  to shoot; (of space vehicle) to launch
  2. to issue
    發佈／发布  ―  fābù  ―  to release
    發號施令／发号施令  ―  fāhàoshīlìng  ―  to give orders
    1. to distribute
      發行／发行  ―  fāxíng  ―  to distribute; to circulate; to issue (securities)
      發傳單／发传单  ―  fā chuándān  ―  to distribute leaflets
      發工資／发工资  ―  fā gōngzī  ―  to pay out wages
    2. to ship; to send for delivery
      發貨／发货  ―  fāhuò  ―  to ship goods
    3. to post; to send message
      發電／发电  ―  fādiàn  ―  to send a telegram
      發微博／发微博  ―  fā Wēibó  ―  to post an update to Weibo
      發推特／发推特  ―  fā Tuītè  ―  to post an update to Twitter; to tweet
      發錯群／发错群  ―  fā cuò qún  ―  to post to the wrong group
      發電子郵件／发电子邮件  ―  fā diànzǐyóujiàn  ―  to send an e-mail
    4. to publish
      刊發／刊发  ―  kānfā  ―  to publish (in press media)
      發表論文／发表论文  ―  fābiǎo lùnwén  ―  to publish a research work
    5. to emit
      發光／发光  ―  fāguāng  ―  to emit light
      發音／发音  ―  fāyīn  ―  to pronounce; to vocalise
      煥發／焕发  ―  huànfā  ―  (figuratively) to radiate
    6. to escape
      發散／发散  ―  fāsàn  ―  to diverge
      蒸發／蒸发  ―  zhēngfā  ―  to evaporate
      揮發性／挥发性  ―  huīfāxìng  ―  volatility
    7. (chiefly of plants or plant parts) to grow out; (of flowers) to blossom
      發芽／发芽  ―  fāyá  ―  to germinate
    8. (Hokkien) to grow out (teeth, etc.)
      喙齒發出來矣。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      喙齿发出来矣。 [Hokkien, simp.]
      Chhùi-khí hoat chhut-lâi ah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      The teeth have grown out.
  3. to depart; to leave
    始發站／始发站  ―  shǐfāzhàn  ―  station of departure
    發往北京的列車／发往北京的列车  ―  fā wǎng Běijīng de lièchē  ―  train leaving for Beijing
  4. to dispatch
    發兵／发兵  ―  fābīng  ―  to dispatch troops
    徵發／征发  ―  zhēngfā  ―  to requisition
  5. to expand; to extend; to spread
    發揚／发扬  ―  fāyáng  ―  to promote
    發展／发展  ―  fāzhǎn  ―  to develop; to enhance
    發條／发条  ―  fātiáo  ―  coiled spring; clockwork (literally, “expanding strip)”)
    1. to rise; to emerge
      發跡／发迹  ―  fājì  ―  to rise to prominence
    2. (colloquial) to gain wealth; to become rich; to make a fortune
      暴發戶／暴发户  ―  bàofāhù  ―  parvenu/e
      他發了。／他发了。  ―  Tā fā le.  ―  He has made a fortune.
      伊這氣咧發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      伊这气咧发。 [Hokkien, simp.]
      I chit-khùi leh hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      He's making a fortune at this time.
    3. (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening
      發糕／发糕  ―  fāgāo  ―  fa gao (a porous rice dessert)
      麵還沒發好。／面还没发好。  ―  Miàn háiméi fā hǎo.  ―  The dough has not yet fully risen.
      1. (Mainland China Hokkien) to become fluffy and large or bloom like a flower due to leavening
        這床發粿有發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
        这床发粿有发。 [Hokkien, simp.]
        Chit sn̂g hoat-ké ū hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
        This basket of fa gao has bloomed like a flower.
  6. to initiate; to give start to
    發動／发动  ―  fādòng  ―  to start (an engine)
    自發／自发  ―  zìfā  ―  spontaneous; voluntary (literally, “self-initiated”)
    後發制人／后发制人  ―  hòufāzhìrén  ―  to overpower the opponent by reacting to their (ill-advised) initiative; to win by not striking the first
    激發／激发  ―  jīfā  ―  to stimulate
  7. to generate; to produce
    發電／发电  ―  fādiàn  ―  to generate electric power
  8. to become; to get into a certain state
    發燒／发烧  ―  fāshāo  ―  to have a fever
    發狂／发狂  ―  fākuáng  ―  to go mad
    發呆／发呆  ―  fādāi  ―  to be in a daze
    發情／发情  ―  fāqíng  ―  to be in oestrus
    發覺／发觉  ―  fājué  ―  to become aware
  9. ⁜ to open; to remove what seals, blocks, or shuts
    發掘／发掘  ―  fājué  ―  to excavate; to unearth; (figurative) to develop
    發軔／发轫  ―  fārèn  ―  to start (literally, “to unblock the wheels”)
    發現／发现  ―  fāxiàn  ―  to discover; discovery
  10. to make manifest; to express; to act out
    發誓／发誓  ―  fāshì  ―  to swear an oath
    發怒／发怒  ―  fānù  ―  to act out one's anger; to hit out
    揭發／揭发  ―  jiēfā  ―  to expose (wrongdoing, scandal, etc.)
    發表意見／发表意见  ―  fābiǎo yìjiàn  ―  to express one's opinions
    發愁／发愁  ―  fāchóu  ―  to be anxious
  11. (figurative, of the mind) to make clear; to enlighten; to open up; to stimulate
    發明／发明  ―  fāmíng  ―  to explain clearly; to invent
    啟發／启发  ―  qǐfā  ―  to inspire; to enlighten
  12. Classifier for ammunition.
    一發炮彈／一发炮弹  ―  yī fā pàodàn  ―  one shell
  13. (slang) Classifier for ejaculation.
  14. (Hokkien) to show effect; to break out
    藥性未發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    药性未发。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Io̍h sèng bē hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The effect of the medicine hasn't shown yet.
  15. (Mainland China Hokkien) to go bad; to deteriorate; to become rotten
    米囥甲發去。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    米囥甲发去。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Bí khǹg kah hoat khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The rice was stored until it went bad.
  16. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to have quicklime react by mixing with water
    灰發甲真透。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    灰发甲真透。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    Hoe hoat kah chin thàu. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    The lime reacted with water pretty thoroughly.
  17. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) stirred with water and squeezed repeatedly becoming dense and flexible (of flour, earth, etc.)
Synonyms
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  • (to distribute):
edit

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (發):
  • → Vietnamese: phát (發)

Others:

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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發

  1. † bent; crooked
  2. † Used in 發發／发发 (bōbō, “numerous; sound of strong wind or fish jumping”).

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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發

  1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𢪎 (“to whip; to whisk”)

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 發 – see 暴 (“to sprout”).
(This character is a variant form of 暴).

References

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  • “發”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “发”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

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Shinjitai

発

Kyūjitai

發

Kanji

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發

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 発)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 発

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
發
はつ
Hyōgai
kan'on
For pronunciation and definitions of 發 – see the following entry.
【発】3
[kanji] third grade kanji
[kanji] set off, depart
[kanji] start from
[kanji] emit
[kanji] discharge
[kanji] disclose
[kanji] occur
(This term, 發, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
發
ハツ
Hyōgai
irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 發 – see the following entry.
【𤼵】H
[kanji] hyōgai kanji
Kanji reading:
ほち, ほつ, はつ
(This term, 發, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 發 (MC pjot).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 버ᇙ〮 (Yale: pélq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 베플 (Yale: peyphul) 발 (Yale: pal)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

發 (eumhun 필 발 (pil bal))

  1. hanja form? of 발 (“to shoot; to emit; to discharge”) [affix]
  2. hanja form? of 발 (“departing from; originating from”) [suffix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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發: Hán Nôm readings: phát, phắt, phết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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