[B! ç«å±±][Wikipedia] mk16ã®ãƒ–ãƒƒã‚¯ãƒžãƒ¼ã‚¯

mk16 id:mk16

ç«å±±ã¨Wikipediaã«é–¢ã™ã‚‹mk16ã®ãƒ–ãƒƒã‚¯ãƒžãƒ¼ã‚¯ (10)

${{author_name}}$

{{{comment_expanded}}}

{{label}}

{{#is_bookmark}}ãƒªã‚¹ãƒˆ{{/is_bookmark}}{{^is_bookmark}}ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯{{/is_bookmark}}

${{author_name}}$
{{author_name}}{{created}}
{{ #comment }}{{ comment }}{{ /comment }}
- {{ label }}

${{author_name}}$

{{{comment_expanded}}}

{{label}}

{{#is_bookmark}}ãƒªã‚¹ãƒˆ{{/is_bookmark}}{{^is_bookmark}}ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯{{/is_bookmark}}

ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚«ã‚¿ã‚¦ - Wikipedia
ã“ã®ç¯€ã¯æ¤œè¨¼å¯èƒ½ãªå‚è€ƒæ–‡çŒ®ã‚„å‡ºå…¸ãŒå…¨ãç¤ºã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ãªã„ã‹ã€ä¸ååˆ†ã§ã™ã€‚ å‡ºå…¸ã‚’è¿½åŠ ã—ã¦è¨˜äº‹ã®ä¿¡é ¼æ€§å‘ä¸Šã«ã”å”åŠ›ãã ã•ã„ã€‚ï¼ˆã“ã®ãƒ†ãƒ³ãƒ—ãƒ¬ãƒ¼ãƒˆã®ä½¿ã„æ–¹ï¼‰ å‡ºå…¸æ¤œç´¢?:Â "ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚«ã‚¿ã‚¦"Â â€“Â ãƒ‹ãƒ¥ãƒ¼ã‚¹Â Â· æ›¸ç±Â Â· ã‚¹ã‚«ãƒ©ãƒ¼Â Â· CiNiiÂ Â· J-STAGEÂ Â· NDLÂ Â· dlib.jpÂ Â· ã‚¸ãƒ£ãƒ‘ãƒ³ã‚µãƒ¼ãƒÂ Â· TWL (2016å¹´7æœˆ) ã€Œã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚«ã‚¿ã‚¦ (Krakatau)ã€ã¨ã€Œã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚«ãƒˆã‚¢ (Krakatoa)ã€ã®2ç¨®é¡žã®å‘¼ã³åãŒã‚ã‚‹ãŒã€ã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒ‰ãƒã‚·ã‚¢ã§ã®åç§°ã¯ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚«ã‚¿ã‚¦ãŒä¸€èˆ¬çš„ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚«ãƒˆã‚¢ã®å‡ºæ‰€ã«ã¤ã„ã¦ã¯1883å¹´ã«å™´ç«ã—ãŸã¨ãã«ã€ã‚¤ã‚®ãƒªã‚¹ã®ãƒ¡ãƒ‡ã‚£ã‚¢ãŒèª¤ã£ã¦ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚«ãƒˆã‚¢ã¨ã—ãŸã¨ã„ã†èª¬ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ ã€Œã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚«ã‚¿ã‚¦ã€ã¨ã„ã†åãŒæ®‹ã£ã¦ã„ã‚‹æœ€å¤ã®è¨˜éŒ²ã¯ã€1658å¹´ã«ã‚¹ãƒ³ãƒ€æµ·å³¡ã‚’é€šéŽã—ãŸã‚ªãƒ©ãƒ³ãƒ€äººã«ã‚ˆã‚‹ç‰©ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã¨ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚èªžæºã¯è«¸èª¬ã‚ã‚Šå®šã¾ã£ã¦ã„ãªã„ã€‚ ãŠã‚ˆã6ä¸‡å¹´å‰ã¾ã§ã€ã“ã®æµ·åŸŸã«ã¯ã€Œå¤ã‚¯ãƒ©ã‚«ã‚¿ã‚¦ã€ã¨ã‚‚ã„
mk16 2018/12/23
ä¿ºãŒãƒãƒ ãƒ‹ãƒ¼ã«å…¥ã‚‹é ƒã€å¼Ÿã¯ãƒ—ãƒªãƒ‹ãƒ¼ã ã£ãŸã€‚çˆ¶ã•ã‚“ã¯ãƒžãƒãƒ‹ãƒ¼ã§ã€æ¯ã•ã‚“ã¯ãƒ†ã‚£ãƒ•ã‚¡ãƒ‹ãƒ¼ã ã£ãŸã€‚åˆ†ã‹ã‚‹ã‹ãªãï¼Ÿåˆ†ã‹ã‚“ãã‡ã ã‚ã†ãªãï¼ˆæ¾é¶´å®¶åƒã¨ã›é¢¨ï¼‰

wikipedia

æ´å²

volcano

ç«å±±

ç½å®³
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
ã‚¢ã‚°ãƒ³å±± - Wikipedia
ã‚¢ã‚°ãƒ³å±±ï¼ˆã‚¢ã‚°ãƒ³ã•ã‚“ã€ã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒ‰ãƒã‚·ã‚¢èªž: Gunung Agungï¼‰ã¨ã¯ã€ãƒãƒªå³¶ã®åŒ—æ±éƒ¨ã«ä½ç½®ã™ã‚‹æˆå±¤ç«å±±ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚æ¨™é«˜ã¯3,014mã§åŒå³¶ã§æœ€ã‚‚é«˜ãï¼ˆ3,314mè¡¨è¨˜ã‚‚ã¿ã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ï¼‰[2]ã€å›½å†…ã«14åº§ã‚ã‚‹3000ï½ç´šã®ç«å±±ã®ã†ã¡11ä½ã®é«˜å±±ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚åå‰ã‚‚ã€Œæœ€é«˜ã€ã‚’æ„å‘³ã—[3]ã€å¤ãã‚ˆã‚Šè–ãªã‚‹å±±ã¨ã—ã¦å´‡æ‹ã®å¯¾è±¡ã§ã€å‘¨å›²ã«ã¯ãƒãƒªãƒ»ãƒ’ãƒ³ãƒ‰ã‚¥ãƒ¼ã®å¯ºé™¢ãŒå¤šã„ã€‚ 1963å¹´ã‹ã‚‰1964å¹´ã«ã‹ã‘ã¦20ä¸–ç´€ã§ä¸–ç•Œæœ€å¤§è¦æ¨¡ã®å™´ç«ã®ä¸€ã¤ã‚’èµ·ã—[4]ã€åƒåã‚’è¶Šãˆã‚‹æ»è€…ã‚’å‡ºã—ãŸã€‚ ç‰¹å¾´[ç·¨é›†] ã‚¢ã‚°ãƒ³å±±ã¯æ´»ç«å±±ã§ã€å††éŒå½¢ã®å±±ä½“ã‚’æŒã¡ã€å¯Œå£«å±±ã«è¿‘ã„å§¿ã‚’ã—ã¦ã„ã‚‹ãŒã€ã“ã‚Œã¨æ¯”ã¹ã‚‹ã¨å±±ä½“ãŒè‹¥å¹²æ±è¥¿ã«é•·ã„ã€‚å±±é ‚ã«ã¯ç›´å¾„900mã»ã©ã®ç«å£ã‚‚ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ã¾ãŸã€å´ç«å±±ã®PawonãŒæ±å—éº“ã«ã‚ã‚‹[4]ã€‚ã‚¢ã‚°ãƒ³å±±ã®é•·æœŸå™´å‡ºçŽ‡ã¯ç¾åœ¨ã¾ã§10ä¸‡å¹´é–“ã®å¹³å‡ã§ã‚‚3km3/1000å¹´ã«é”ã—éžå¸¸ã«å¤§ãã„[5]ã€‚1800å¹´ä»¥é™ã€å¤§ããªå™´ç«ã¯ã€1808å¹´ã€1
mk16 2017/11/28
>20ä¸–ç´€ã§ä¸–ç•Œæœ€å¤§è¦æ¨¡ã®å™´ç«ã®ä¸€ã¤ã‚’èµ·ã—â†èª¿ã¹ãŸã‚‰VEI5â€»1ï¼ˆãƒ”ãƒŠãƒ„ãƒœç«å±±ã¯6â€»2ï¼‰â€»1â€¦http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=264020&vtab=Eruptionsã€€â€»2â€¦http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=273083&vtab=Eruptions

Wikipedia

ç«å±±
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
ãƒˆãƒãƒ»ã‚«ã‚¿ã‚¹ãƒˆãƒãƒ•ç†è«– - Wikipedia
ä¸Šç©ºã‹ã‚‰è¦‹ãŸãƒˆãƒç«å±±å™´ç«æ™‚ã®æƒ³åƒå›³ ãƒˆãƒãƒ»ã‚«ã‚¿ã‚¹ãƒˆãƒãƒ•ç†è«–ï¼ˆãƒˆãƒãƒ»ã‚«ã‚¿ã‚¹ãƒˆãƒãƒ•ã‚Šã‚ã‚“ã€Toba catastrophe theoryï¼‰ã¯ã€ç´„7ä¸‡å¹´ã‹ã‚‰7ä¸‡5åƒå¹´å‰ã«ã€ã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒ‰ãƒã‚·ã‚¢ã®ã‚¹ãƒžãƒˆãƒ©å³¶ã«ã‚ã‚‹ãƒˆãƒç«å±±ãŒå¤§å™´ç«ã‚’èµ·ã“ã—ã¦æ°—å€™ã®å¯’å†·åŒ–ã‚’å¼•ãèµ·ã“ã—ã€ãã®å¾Œã®äººé¡žã®é€²åŒ–ã«å¤§ããªå½±éŸ¿ã‚’ä¸ŽãˆãŸã¨ã„ã†å¦èª¬ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚åœ°è³ªå¦ãƒ»å¤äººé¡žå¦ã®åˆ†é‡Žã§ã¯ã€ç«å±±ã®å™´ç«ã¨ãã®å¾Œã®æ°—å€™å¤‰å‹•ã‚’æŒ‡ã—ã¦ãƒˆãƒäº‹å¤‰ (Toba event) ã¨å‘¼ã¶[1][2]ã€‚äººé¡žã®é€²åŒ–ã«ãŠã‘ã‚‹ãƒœãƒˆãƒ«ãƒãƒƒã‚¯åŠ¹æžœã®ä¾‹ã‚’ç¤ºã™å¦èª¬ã¨ã—ã¦è¨€åŠã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤šã„ã€‚ã“ã®å¦èª¬ã¯1998å¹´ã«ã‚¤ãƒªãƒŽã‚¤å¤§å¦æ•™æŽˆã®ã‚¹ã‚¿ãƒ³ãƒªãƒ¼=Hï¼Žã‚¢ãƒ³ãƒ–ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¹ï¼ˆStanley H. Ambroseï¼‰ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦å”±ãˆã‚‰ã‚ŒãŸã€‚ ãƒˆãƒç«å±±ã®ä½ç½®ã€‚ ãƒ©ãƒ³ãƒ‰ã‚µãƒƒãƒˆã®ç”»åƒã€‚æ¹–ä¸å¤®ã®å³¶ã¯ãƒˆãƒãƒ»ã‚«ãƒ«ãƒ‡ãƒ©ã®ä¸å¤®ç«å£ä¸˜ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ ä»Šã‹ã‚‰7ä¸‡-7ä¸‡5000å¹´å‰ã€ãƒˆãƒç«å±±ãŒç«å±±çˆ†ç™ºæŒ‡æ•°æœ€å¤§ã®ã‚«ãƒ†ã‚´ãƒªãƒ¼8ã®å¤§è¦æ¨¡ãªè¶…å·¨
mk16 2015/06/01
>äººé¡žã‚‚ã€ãƒˆãƒäº‹å¤‰ã®æ°—å€™å¤‰å‹•ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦ç·äººå£ãŒ1ä¸‡äººã«ã¾ã§æ¿€æ¸›ã—ãŸã¨ã„ã†ï¼>éºä¼åã®è§£æžã«ã‚ˆã‚Œã°ã€ç¾ä¸–äººé¡žã¯æ¥µã‚ã¦å°‘ãªã„äººå£(1000çµ„-1ä¸‡çµ„ã»ã©ã®å¤«å©¦)ã‹ã‚‰é€²åŒ–ã—ãŸã“ã¨ãŒæƒ³å®šã•ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ã€‚

wikipedia

ç§‘å¦

é€²åŒ–

ç«å±±

history

science

åœ°çƒ

çŸ¥è˜

æ´å²
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
ã‚¿ãƒ³ãƒœãƒ©å±± - Wikipedia
ã‚¿ãƒ³ãƒœãƒ©å±±ï¼ˆã‚¿ãƒ³ãƒœãƒ©ã•ã‚“ã€ã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒ‰ãƒã‚·ã‚¢èªž: Gunung Tamboraã€è‹±èªž: Mount Tamboraï¼‰ã¯ã€ã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒ‰ãƒã‚·ã‚¢ä¸å—éƒ¨ã€ã‚¹ãƒ³ãƒãƒ¯å³¶ã«ã‚ã‚‹æˆå±¤ç«å±±ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚å³¶ã®åŒ—å´ã«çªãå‡ºãŸã‚µãƒ³ã‚¬ãƒ«åŠå³¶ã®å¤§éƒ¨åˆ†ã‚’å ã‚ã¦ãŠã‚Šã€æ¨™é«˜2,851ãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ã€‚ ã‚¢ãƒ«ã‚«ãƒªå²©ã®ç™½æ¦´çŸ³ãƒ™ã‚¤ã‚µãƒŠã‚¤ãƒˆã€ç™½æ¦´çŸ³ãƒ†ãƒ•ãƒ©ã‚¤ãƒˆãªã©ã§æ§‹æˆã•ã‚Œã€å±±é ‚ã«ã¯ç›´å¾„ç´„6ã‚ãƒãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ã€æ·±ã•ç´„600ãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ã®ã‚«ãƒ«ãƒ‡ãƒ©ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã€‚1815å¹´ã«ã€è¨˜éŒ²ã®æ®‹ã‚‹ä¸ã§ã¯äººé¡žå²ä¸Šæœ€å¤§ã®å™´ç«ã‚’å¼•ãèµ·ã“ã—ãŸã“ã¨ã€ãŠã‚ˆã³ãã‚Œã«ã‚ˆã‚‹è‡ªç„¶ç½å®³ã§è‘—åãªç«å±±ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ ã‚¿ãƒ³ãƒœãƒ©å±±ã¯ã‚¹ãƒ³ãƒãƒ¯å³¶åŒ—éƒ¨ã®ãƒ•ãƒãƒ¼ãƒ¬ã‚¹æµ·ã«çªãå‡ºã™ã‚µãƒ³ã‚¬ãƒ«åŠå³¶ã«ã‚ã‚Šã€å—å´ã«ã‚µãƒ¼ãƒ¬æ¹¾ï¼ˆè‹±èªžç‰ˆï¼‰ãŒã‚ã‚Šã€ãã®æ¹¾å£ã€ã™ãªã‚ã¡ã‚¿ãƒ³ãƒœãƒ©å±±ã®è¥¿å´ã«ã¯ãƒ¢ãƒ¨å³¶ï¼ˆè‹±èªžç‰ˆï¼‰ã€åŒ—è¥¿å´ã«ã¯ã‚µãƒˆãƒ³ãƒ€å³¶ï¼ˆè‹±èªžç‰ˆï¼‰ã¨ã„ã†å°ã•ãªå³¶ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ ä¸€å¸¯ã®ç”Ÿæ…‹ç³»ã¯å³¶å¶¼ã€ãƒžãƒ³ã‚°ãƒãƒ¼ãƒ–ã€æµ·å²¸ã€ä½Žåœ°ã¨å±±å²³éƒ¨ã®æ£®æž—ã€ã‚µãƒãƒŠã®5ç¨®é¡žãŒã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ã‚µãƒ¼ãƒ¬æ¹¾ã«ã¯ãƒžãƒ³
mk16 2014/11/29
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E7%88%86%E7%99%BA%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0â†ã§åƒå¹´ã«ä¸€åº¦ã®å™´ç«ã®ä»£è¡¨ä¾‹ã¨ã—ã¦æŒ™ã’ã‚‰ã‚Œã¦ã‚‹ï¼æ—¥æœ¬ã‚‚åƒå¹´ã«ä¸€åº¦ã®åœ°éœ‡ã®å¾Œã ã‹ã‚‰å¿ƒé…ã€‚

ç«å±±

Wikipedia
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
ç«å±±çˆ†ç™ºæŒ‡æ•° - Wikipedia
VEIåŒºåˆ†ã”ã¨ã®ãƒ†ãƒ•ãƒ©é‡ã‚’ã€çƒã®å¤§ãã•ã§è¡¨ã—ãŸã‚‚ã®ã€‚ ç«å±±çˆ†ç™ºæŒ‡æ•°ï¼ˆã‹ã–ã‚“ã°ãã¯ã¤ã—ã™ã†ã€è‹±èªž: Volcanic Explosivity Index, VEIï¼‰ã¨ã¯ã€1982å¹´ã«ã‚¢ãƒ¡ãƒªã‚«åœ°è³ªèª¿æŸ»æ‰€ã®ã‚¯ãƒªã‚¹ãƒ»ãƒ‹ãƒ¥ãƒ¼ãƒ›ãƒ¼ãƒ«ï¼ˆè‹±èªžç‰ˆï¼‰ã¨ãƒãƒ¯ã‚¤å¤§å¦ãƒžãƒŽã‚¢æ ¡ã®ã‚¹ãƒ†ã‚£ãƒ¼ãƒ–ãƒ³ãƒ»ã‚»ãƒ«ãƒ•ï¼ˆè‹±èªžç‰ˆï¼‰ãŒææ¡ˆã—ãŸç«å±±ã®çˆ†ç™ºè¦æ¨¡ã®å¤§ãã•ã‚’ç¤ºã™åŒºåˆ†ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ç«å±±ãã®ã‚‚ã®ã®å¤§ãã•ã§ã¯ãªãã€ãã®æ™‚ã€…ã®çˆ†ç™ºã®å¤§ãã•ã®æŒ‡æ¨™ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ åŒºåˆ†ã¯ã€å™´å‡ºç‰©ã®é‡ã§ãªã•ã‚Œã‚‹[1]ã€‚0ã‹ã‚‰8ã«åŒºåˆ†ã•ã‚Œã€8ãŒæœ€å¤§è¦æ¨¡ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚VEI=0ã¯ãƒ†ãƒ•ãƒ©ä½“ç©ãŒ104ç«‹æ–¹ãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«æœªæº€ã®çŠ¶æ³ã‚’æŒ‡ã™ã€‚VEI=8ã¯ãƒ†ãƒ•ãƒ©ä½“ç©ãŒ1012ç«‹æ–¹ãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ï¼ˆ1000ç«‹æ–¹ã‚ãƒãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ï¼‰ä»¥ä¸Šã®çˆ†ç™ºã‚’æŒ‡ã™ã€‚ãã‚Œãžã‚Œã®åŒºåˆ†ã«ã¯å™´ç«ã®çŠ¶æ³ã‚’ç¤ºã™åç§°ï¼ˆã€Œå°è¦æ¨¡ï¼ˆgentleï¼‰ã€ãªã©ï¼‰ãŒä»˜ã‘ã‚‰ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ã€‚ æ³¨æ„ã™ã¹ãã“ã¨ã¯ã€VEIã®æ±ºå®šã«ã¯ãƒ†ãƒ•ãƒ©ã®ç¨®é¡žã¯å½±éŸ¿ã—ãªã„ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚å™´å‡ºç‰©
mk16 2014/11/29
Wikipedia

ç½å®³

è‡ªç„¶

ç«å±±

æ´å²
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
ã‚¿ãƒ å±±å¡Š - Wikipedia
ã‚¿ãƒ å±±å¡Š (ã‚¿ãƒ ã•ã‚“ã‹ã„ã€Tamu Massif) ã¯ã€åŒ—è¥¿å¤ªå¹³æ´‹ã«ä½ç½®ã™ã‚‹æµ·åº•ã®é«˜ã¾ã‚Šã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚æ—¥æœ¬ã®æ±ç´„1600ã‚ãƒãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ã«ã‚ã‚‹ã‚·ãƒ£ãƒ„ã‚ãƒ¼æµ·å°ã®ä¸ã«ã‚ã‚‹æœ€é«˜åœ°ç‚¹ã€‚å±±é ‚ã¯æµ·é¢ä¸‹ç´„2000ãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ã€éº“ã¯ç´„6400ãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ã®æ·±ã•ã§ã‚ã‚‹[1]ã€‚ ã‚·ãƒ£ãƒ„ã‚ãƒ¼æµ·å°ã¯ã€ç´„1å„„4500ä¸‡å¹´å‰ã€ã‚¸ãƒ¥ãƒ©ç´€ã‹ã‚‰ç™½äºœç´€ã«ã‹ã‘ã¦ã®æ™‚ä»£ã«å½¢æˆã•ã‚ŒãŸã€‚ãã®ä¸å¿ƒã¨ãªã‚‹ã‚¿ãƒ å±±å¡Šã¯450 - 650ã‚ãƒãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ã®å‘¨å›²ã«åºƒãŒã‚Šã€26ä¸‡å¹³æ–¹ã‚ãƒãƒ¡ãƒ¼ãƒˆãƒ«ä»¥ä¸Šã«åŠã¶ã€‚å±±ã®å‚¾æ–œã¯éžå¸¸ã«ç·©ã‚„ã‹ã§ã€é ‚ä¸Šä»˜è¿‘ã®è§’åº¦ã¯0.5åº¦ - 1åº¦ä»¥ä¸‹ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚å¤§ãã•ã¯ãƒ‹ãƒ¥ãƒ¼ãƒ¡ã‚ã‚·ã‚³å·ž[1]ã¾ãŸã¯ãƒ–ãƒªãƒ†ãƒ³è«¸å³¶[2]ã«ç›¸å½“ã™ã‚‹ã€‚ã‚¿ãƒ ã¯ãƒ†ã‚ã‚µã‚¹A&Må¤§å¦ã«å› ã‚€[4]ã€‚ 2013å¹´ã«ç™ºè¡¨ã•ã‚ŒãŸã‚¦ã‚£ãƒªã‚¢ãƒ ãƒ»ã‚»ãƒ¼ã‚¬ï¼ˆè‹±èªžç‰ˆï¼‰ã‚‰ã®è«–æ–‡ã®å½±éŸ¿ã§ã€åœ°çƒã§æœ€ã‚‚å¤§ãã„ç«å±±[1]ã¨å ±é“ã•ã‚Œã€ã“ã®èª¬ãŒåºƒãæµå¸ƒã—ã¦ã—ã¾ã£ãŸãŒã€ã‚»ãƒ¼ã‚¬ã‚‰ã®å†èª¿æŸ»ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦èª¤ã‚Šã ã£ãŸã“ã¨ãŒåˆ¤æ˜Žã—ãŸ[5
mk16 2014/04/20
>2013å¹´9æœˆ5æ—¥ã«ç™ºè¦‹ãŒç™ºè¡¨ã•ã‚ŒãŸã€‚ã‚¿ãƒ å±±å¡Šã¯åœ°çƒã§æœ€ã‚‚å¤§ãã„ç«å±±ã§ã‚ã‚Šã€å¤ªé™½ç³»ã«ãŠã„ã¦ã‚‚æœ€å¤§ã®ç«å±±ã®1ã¤ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚

wikipedia

ç«å±±

åœ°è³ªå¦
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
ã‚ªãƒ³ãƒˆãƒ³ã‚¸ãƒ£ãƒ¯æµ·å° - Wikipedia
ã‚ªãƒ³ãƒˆãƒ³ã‚¸ãƒ£ãƒ¯æµ·å°ï¼ˆãŠã‚“ã¨ã‚“ã˜ã‚ƒã‚ã‹ã„ã ã„, Ontong Java Plateauï¼‰ã¯ã€å¤ªå¹³æ´‹ã®ã‚½ãƒãƒ¢ãƒ³è«¸å³¶ã®åŒ—ã«ã‚ã‚‹å·¨å¤§ãªæµ·å°ã€‚ã»ã¨ã‚“ã©æ´ªæ°´çŽ„æ¦å²©ã‹ã‚‰æˆã‚‹ç«å±±èµ·æºã®æµ·å°ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚å¹³å‡æ°´æ·±ã¯2 - 3kmã€æœ€é«˜ç‚¹ã¯æ°´æ·±1,700mã«é”ã—ã¦ã„ã‚‹ã€‚ ãƒ«ã‚¤ãƒ“ãƒ«ãƒ›ãƒƒãƒˆã‚¹ãƒãƒƒãƒˆã¯ã€1å„„2,000ä¸‡å¹´å‰ï½ž1å„„2,500ä¸‡å¹´å‰ã«ãƒžãƒ³ãƒˆãƒ«ãƒ»ãƒ—ãƒ«ãƒ¼ãƒ ãŒå½¢æˆã—ãŸãƒ›ãƒƒãƒˆã‚¹ãƒãƒƒãƒˆã¨è€ƒãˆã‚‰ã‚Œã‚‹ã€‚ç¾åœ¨ã¯é›¢ã‚Œã¦ã„ã‚‹ãƒžãƒ‹ãƒ’ã‚æµ·å°ï¼ˆè‹±èªžç‰ˆï¼‰ã¨ãƒ’ã‚¯ãƒ©ãƒ³ã‚®æµ·å°ï¼ˆè‹±èªžç‰ˆï¼‰ã‚‚å«ã‚å…ƒã¯ä¸€ã¤ã®ç«æˆåŒºã§ã€ä¸–ç•Œæœ€å¤§ã®æµ·å°ãŒã‚ã£ãŸã€‚ã“ã‚Œã¯ã“ã®2å„„å¹´é–“ã§ã®åœ°çƒä¸Šæœ€å¤§ã®ç«å±±æ´»å‹•ã§ã€8,000ä¸‡ç«‹æ–¹kmã®ãƒžã‚°ãƒžãŒåœ°çƒã®ç´„1%ã‚’è¦†ã£ãŸã‚‚ã®ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ æµ·å°ã®å²©çŸ³å¹´ä»£ã¯å¤§éƒ¨åˆ†1å„„1,900ä¸‡å¹´å‰ï½ž1å„„2,500ä¸‡å¹´å‰ã‚’ç¤ºã—ã€ãã‚Œã‹ã‚‰2,000å¹´ï½ž4,000ä¸‡å¹´å¾Œã«äºŒæ¬¡çš„ãªç«å±±æ´»å‹•ãŒã‚ã‚Šã€é¢ç©ã¯ã»ã¼ã‚¢ãƒ©ã‚¹ã‚«å·žã®é¢ç©ã«åŒ¹æ•µã™ã‚‹150ä¸‡å¹³æ–¹kmã€å™´å‡ºé‡ã¯500
mk16 2014/04/20
æœ€è¿‘ã®ã‚½ãƒãƒ¢ãƒ³è«¸å³¶å·¨å¤§åœ°éœ‡ã®éœ‡æºåœ°ã¯ã“ã®è¿‘è¾ºã€‚å™´ç«ã—ãŸå ´åˆã®æœ€å¤§è¦æ¨¡ã¯å¯Œå£«å±±å™´ç«æœ€å¤§è¦æ¨¡ã®77,000,000å€ã€‚ï¼ˆã‚¤ã‚¨ãƒãƒ¼ã‚¹ãƒˆãƒ¼ãƒ³ã¯2500å€ã€‚ï¼‰äººé¡žã¯ä½™è£•ã§æ»…äº¡ã™ã‚‹ã€‚ã‚½ãƒ¼ã‚¹ï¼šhttp://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm22621310

wikipedia

ç«å±±

åœ°è³ªå¦
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
ç«å±±ã®å†¬ - Wikipedia
1815å¹´ã®ã‚¿ãƒ³ãƒœãƒ©å±±å™´ç«ã«ã‚ˆã‚Šã€ç¿Œ1816å¹´ã¯è¨˜éŒ²çš„ãªå†·å¤ã¨ãªã‚Šã€Œå¤ã®ãªã„å¹´ã€ã¨å‘¼ã°ã‚ŒãŸã€‚ ç«å±±ã®å†¬ï¼ˆã‹ã–ã‚“ã®ãµã‚†ã€è‹±: volcanic winterï¼‰ã¨ã¯ã€ç«å±±ã®çˆ†ç™ºçš„ãªå™´ç«ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦ã€ç«å±±ç°ã‚„éœ§çŠ¶ã®ç¡«é…¸ãŒå¤ªé™½å…‰ã‚’é®ã‚Šã€åœ°çƒã®ã‚¢ãƒ«ãƒ™ãƒ‰ã‚’ä¸Šæ˜‡ã•ã›ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦æ¸©åº¦ãŒä½Žä¸‹ã™ã‚‹ç¾è±¡ã®ã“ã¨ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚é•·æœŸé–“ã«åŠã¶å†·å´åŠ¹æžœã¯ä¸»ã«ã€å¤§æ°—ä¸Šå±¤éƒ¨ã«æ§‹æˆã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã‚¨ã‚¢ãƒã‚¾ãƒ«ä¸ã®ç¡«é»„åŒ–åˆç‰©ã®å¢—åŠ ãŒåŽŸå› ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ ç«å±±ã®å†¬ã¨å‘¼ã°ã‚Œã‚‹ã‚‚ã®ã®ä¸€ã¤ã«ã€ã‚¤ãƒ³ãƒ‰ãƒã‚·ã‚¢ã®ã‚¹ãƒžãƒˆãƒ©å³¶ã®ãƒˆãƒæ¹–ã®å¤§å™´ç«ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦å¼•ãèµ·ã“ã£ãŸ71,000ã€œ73,000å¹´å‰ã®ã‚‚ã®ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ãã®å¾Œ6å¹´é–“ã€ã“ã“110,000å¹´é–“ã§æœ€ã‚‚å¤§é‡ã®ç«å±±æ€§ã®ç¡«é»„ãŒå †ç©ã—ã€æ±å—ã‚¢ã‚¸ã‚¢ã§ã®é‡å¤§ãªæ£®æž—æ¸›å°‘ã‚„1Â°Cå˜ä½ã§ã®ä¸–ç•Œçš„ãªæ°—æ¸©ã®ä½Žä¸‹ãŒå¼•ãèµ·ã“ã•ã‚ŒãŸã¨è¨€ã‚ã‚Œã‚‹[1]ã€‚ã“ã®å™´ç«ã¯å¤§é™¸ä¸Šã§é€²è¡Œã—ã¦ã„ãŸæ°·æ²³ã‚’åŠ é€Ÿã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦ã€æ°·æ²³æ™‚ä»£ã¸ã®æ€¥é€Ÿãªå¼•æˆ»ã—ã‚’èµ·ã“ã—ã€åœ°çƒä¸Šã®å‹•ç‰©ã‚„äºº
mk16 2014/04/03
wikipedia

ç«å±±

è‡ªç„¶

ç½å®³

ç§‘å¦

æ´å²

ç¤¾ä¼š
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
ç«å±± - Wikipedia
ã‚»ãƒ³ãƒˆãƒ˜ãƒ¬ãƒ³ã‚ºã®å¤§å™´ç« 18ä¸–ç´€ã®å™´ç«ã®æº¶å²©æµè·¡ã€‚ ç«å±±ï¼ˆã‹ã–ã‚“ã€è‹±: volcanoï¼‰ã¯ã€åœ°æ®»ã®æ·±éƒ¨ã«ã‚ã£ãŸãƒžã‚°ãƒžãŒåœ°è¡¨ã¾ãŸã¯æ°´ä¸ã«å™´å‡ºã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦ã§ãã‚‹ã€ç‰¹å¾´çš„ãªåœ°å½¢ã‚’ã„ã†ã€‚æ–‡å—é€šã‚Šã®å±±ã ã‘ã§ãªãã€ã‚«ãƒ«ãƒ‡ãƒ©ã®ã‚ˆã†ãªå‡¹åœ°å½¢ã‚‚ç«å±±ã¨å‘¼ã¶ã€‚ç«å±±ã®åœ°ä¸‹ã«ã¯ãƒžã‚°ãƒžãŒã‚ã‚Šã€ãã“ã‹ã‚‰ãƒžã‚°ãƒžãŒä¸Šæ˜‡ã—ã¦åœ°è¡¨ã«å‡ºã‚‹ç¾è±¡ãŒå™´ç«ã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚å™´ç«ã«ã¯ã€æ§˜ã€…ãªæ§˜å¼ï¼ˆã‚¿ã‚¤ãƒ—ï¼‰ãŒã‚ã‚Šã€ç«å±±å™´å‡ºç‰©ã®æˆåˆ†ã‚„ç«å±±å™´å‡ºç‰©ã®é‡ã«ã‚ˆã£ã¦ã‚‚ãã®æ§˜å¼ã¯ç•°ãªã£ã¦ã„ã‚‹ã€‚ ç«å±±ã®å™´ç«ã¯ã—ã°ã—ã°äººé–“ç¤¾ä¼šã«å£Šæ»…çš„ãªæ‰“æ’ƒã‚’ä¸Žãˆã¦ããŸãŸã‚ã€è¨˜éŒ²ã‚„ä¼æ‰¿ã«æ®‹ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ãŒå¤šã„ã€‚ Volcano ã¯ã€ãƒãƒ¼ãƒžç¥žè©±ã§ç«ã¨å†¶é‡‘ã¨é›å†¶ã®ç¥žã‚¦ãƒ«ã‚«ãƒŒã‚¹ï¼ˆã‚®ãƒªã‚·ã‚¢ç¥žè©±ã§ã¯ãƒ˜ãƒ¼ãƒ‘ã‚¤ã‚¹ãƒˆã‚¹ï¼‰ã«ç”±æ¥ã—ã€16ä¸–ç´€ã®ã‚¤ã‚¿ãƒªã‚¢èªžã§ volcano ã¾ãŸã¯ vulcano ã¨ä½¿ã‚ã‚Œã¦ã„ãŸã‚‚ã®ãŒã€ãƒ¨ãƒ¼ãƒãƒƒãƒ‘è«¸å›½èªžã«å…¥ã£ãŸã€‚ã“ã®ã‚¦ãƒ«ã‚«ãƒŒã‚¹ï¼ˆè‹±èªžèªã¿ã§ã¯ãƒ´ã‚¡ãƒ«ã‚«ãƒ³ï¼‰ã¯ã€ã‚¤ã‚¿ãƒªã‚¢ã®ã‚¨ãƒˆãƒŠç«
mk16 2013/11/30
åœ°è³ªå¦

åœ°å¦

è³‡æ–™

ç«å±±

wikipedia
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
ç™½é å±± - Wikipedia
ç™½é å±±ï¼ˆã¯ãã¨ã†ã•ã‚“[1]ã€ãƒšã‚¯ãƒˆã‚¥ã‚µãƒ³ï¼‰ã¯ã€æœé®®æ°‘ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©äººæ°‘å…±å’Œå›½ï¼ˆåŒ—æœé®®ï¼‰ä¸¡æ±Ÿé“ã¨ä¸è¯äººæ°‘å…±å’Œå›½ï¼ˆä¸å›½ï¼‰å‰æž—çœã®å›½å¢ƒåœ°å¸¯ã«ã‚ã‚‹æ¨™é«˜2,744mã®ç«å±±ã€‚åˆ¥åã€é•·ç™½å±±ï¼ˆã¡ã‚‡ã†ã¯ãã•ã‚“[2]ï¼‰ã€‚å¤©æ± ã®ä¸¡å´ã«æœé®®åŠå³¶ã¨ä¸å›½æ±åŒ—éƒ¨ã®æœ€é«˜å³°ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ ä¸å›½å‰æž—çœã¨åŒ—æœé®®ä¸¡æ±Ÿé“ã®å›½å¢ƒåœ°å¸¯ã«ã‚ã‚‹ã“ã®å±±ã¯ã€å¤ãã¯ã€Œä¸å’¸å±±ã€ã€Œç™½å±±ã€ã€Œå¤ªç™½å±±ã€ã¨å‘¼ã°ã‚ŒãŸã€‚ã“ã®ã†ã¡ã€Œç™½å±±ã€ã€Œå¤ªç™½å±±ã€ã¯ä¸å›½ã§ã‚‚æœé®®ã§ã‚‚å¾Œä¸–ã¾ã§ã“ã®å±±ã®åˆ¥åã¨ã—ã¦ã‚‚ä½¿ã‚ã‚ŒãŸã€‚æŽæ°æœé®®ã®æ™‚ä»£ã«ã¯ã€Œå¤ªç™½å±±ã€ã¨å‘¼ã‚“ã§ã„ãŸ[3]ã€‚ç¾åœ¨åŒ—æœé®®ã¨å¤§éŸ“æ°‘å›½ï¼ˆéŸ“å›½ï¼‰ãŒç”¨ã„ã¦ã„ã‚‹ç™½é å±±ã¨ã„ã†åç§°ã®èµ·æºã¯ä¸æ˜Žã§ã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ æº€æ´²æ°‘æ—ã®æº€æ´²èªžã§ã¯ã‚´ãƒ«ãƒŸãƒ³ãƒ»ã‚·ãƒ£ãƒ³ã‚®ãƒ£ãƒ³ãƒ»ã‚¢ãƒªãƒ³ï¼ˆæº€æ´²æ–‡å—:á¡¤á £á ¯á ®á¡³á ¨ á¡§á á ©á¡¤á¡³á ¶á á ¨ á á ¯á¡³á ¨ã€è»¢å†™ï¼šgolmin Å¡anggiyan alinã€æ¼¢å—éŸ³å†™ï¼šæžœå‹’æ•çŠå»¶é˜¿æž—ã€æ„ã¯ã€Œã©ã“ã¾ã§ã‚‚ç™½ã„å±±ã€ï¼‰ã¨é‡‘ã®æ™‚ä»£ã‚ˆã‚Šä½¿ã‚ã‚Œå§‹ã‚ãŸã€‚ æ¸…æœã§ã¯é•·ç™½å±±ï¼ˆã¡
mk16 2011/04/25
>é‡œå±±å¤§å¦ã®å°¹æˆåï¼ˆãƒ¦ãƒ³ãƒ»ã‚½ãƒ³ãƒ’ãƒ§ï¼‰æ•™æŽˆãŒã€ä¸å›½ã®ç«å±±å¦è€…ã®è©±ã¨ã—ã¦ã€2014-2015å¹´ã«å™´ç«ã™ã‚‹äºˆæ¸¬ã‚’ç«‹ã¦ã¦ã„ã‚‹ï¼>å¤§è¦æ¨¡ãªå™´ç«ãŒèµ·ã“ã‚Œã°ã€ãã®è¦æ¨¡ã¯2010å¹´ã®ã‚¨ã‚¤ãƒ¤ãƒ•ã‚£ãƒ¤ãƒˆãƒ©ãƒ¨ãƒ¼ã‚¯ãƒˆãƒ«ã®å™´ç«ã®ç´„1000å€

ç«å±±

korea

wikipedia

China
ãƒªãƒ³ã‚¯
1