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Objectives: We designed a scale to gauge smartphone dependence and assessed its reliability and validity. Methods: A prototype self-rating smartphone-dependence scale was tested on 133 medical students who use smartphones more frequently than other devices to access web pages. Each response was scored on a Likert scale (0, 1, 2, 3), with higher scores indicating greater dependence. To select items
Problematic smartphone use - Wikipedia
People using their mobile phones individually Problematic smartphone use is psychological or behavioral dependence on cell phones. It is closely related to other forms of digital media overuse such as social media addiction or internet addiction disorder. Commonly known as "smartphone addiction", the term "problematic smartphone use" was proposed by researchers to describe similar behaviors presen
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Depression, anxiety, and smartphone addiction in university students- A cross sectional study
Development and Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI)
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