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Underdetermination of Scientific Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
First published Wed Aug 12, 2009; substantive revision Tue Apr 4, 2023 At the heart of the underdetermination of scientific theory by evidence is the simple idea that the evidence available to us at a given time may be insufficient to determine what beliefs we should hold in response to it. In a textbook example, if I know that you spent $10 on apples and oranges and that apples cost $1 while oran
Locke’s Philosophy of Science (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
First published Fri Jul 24, 2009; substantive revision Wed Nov 8, 2023 John Locke has been widely hailed for providing an epistemological foundation for the experimental science of his day, articulating the new, probabilistic form of knowledge appropriate to it. Yet, while he is in important respects a devotee of that new science, there are also significant tensions in his thought. He stands behin
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