Earth-616

Marvel Universe
Official Name	Earth-616
Aliases	Brane 616, Earth-One, Earth-Two, Earth B, Earth-Earth, Earth Six-One-Six, the Marvel U, the Marvel Universe's reality, the Positive Zone, Prime Earth, the Prime Marvel Universe, the Prime Reality, the Prime Universe, the 616, the Marvel Universe, the Universe Prime, the Sacred Timeline, Reality 616, Reality-616, Universe 616, the Primal Strand
Status	Existing
Creators and Appearances
Creators	Bill Everett, Lloyd Jacquet, Fred Schwab
First	Motion Picture Funnies Weekly #1 (April, 1939)
First	Motion Picture Funnies Weekly #1 (April, 1939)

 [T]he Prime Universe--last of the old, first of the new. The hub it all revolves around. Here, science can be magic. Here, we can rewrite every story. 

—The Maker

History

Foreword: Multiversal Cycle

All of reality has gone through eight different incarnations, each one triggered by a different instance of multiversal renewal, which constitutes in the destruction and re-creation of everything there is.

Originally, there was no Multiverse. The First Firmament was a single, eternal, unchanging universe. However, its first beings, the Celestials, shattered it into the first-ever Multiverse, the Second Cosmos. As the Celestials had desired change and evolution, the Multiverse died and was reborn several times, evolving each time. The Third Cosmos introduced narrative; the Fourth, archetypes; the Fifth, magic; and the Sixth, science. In Earth-616's previous incarnation in the Sixth Cosmos, the Paradise-like planet of Taa existed. When the sixth incarnation was destroyed by an entity called the Black Winter, it left an existential void in its wake until the universe was eventually reborn with the Big Bang.

The current universe was part of the Seventh Cosmos. It was where Earth existed, protected by super heroes like the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, and the X-Men. However, the Multiverse was destroyed by beings from outside the Multiverse called the Beyonders and the phenomenon known as the incursions. The intervention of Mister Fantastic in the Multiverse's rebirth caused the Eighth Cosmos to be a direct continuation of the Seventh, instead of being a completely new version. Because of the abnormal nature of the most recent death and rebirth of the Multiverse, some cosmic beings argue that it is still the Seventh Cosmos, but slight differences in reality confirm that it is truly the Eighth. Earth-616 was the first universe to be recreated in the Eighth Cosmos, so the Maker considers it the "Prime Universe."

Seventh and Eighth Incarnations

The start of the Seventh Cycle

Born into the Seventh Cosmos, the universe came into being with the Big Bang, where the Celestials appeared and began creating planets, stars, galaxies, and life itself. The dark god Knull was selected as the King in Black by the Celestials, but he declared war on them and all existence instead. It is at some point during this time that Ego the Living Planet was created and Galan of Taa, who had survived the end of the Sixth Cosmos, emerged from his ship Lifebringer One as the Devourer of Worlds, Galactus.

Among the earliest races of beings to evolve and build mighty civilizations in the expanding new universe were the various races of the Elders of the Universe. Another significant race to appear was that of the Watchers, who took upon themselves the task of observing the other races but were sworn never to interfere with them. The Symbiotes are also among the primordial species of the cosmos, having been created at the beginning of the universe in order to corrupt and destroy it.

In time there arose the Kree and the Skrulls, whose galactic empires were in conflict for millions of Earth years. But it was the enigmatic, nearly omnipotent Celestials who first took notice of the seemingly insignificant planet that we call Earth.

The first Celestial arrived on Earth 4 billion years in the past, fatally infected by the Horde, and its death contaminated the primordial planet with its cosmic energies and laid the groundwork for Earth to become a hotbed of superhuman potential. Roughly 1 million years ago, the First Host of Celestials arrived to experiment on humanity's ancestors, creating two new races: the godlike Eternals (Homo immortalis) and the grotesque Deviants (Homo descendus); while purportedly giving mankind's forbears the genetic potential to one day produce super-powered beings. Additionally mutants also emerged as well and, much like their human (Homo sapiens) counterparts, they were derived from the Celestials.

Twenty-five thousand years ago the Kree performed similar experiments on primitive humans who, as one of the Kree Sentries later discovered, became the highly evolved race of the Inhumans (Inhomo supremis).

Meanwhile, great human civilizations arose in Atlantis, Valusia, and elsewhere, only to be destroyed by the Great Cataclysm. Three thousand years later, sunken Atlantis would be settled by the water-breathing ancestors of today's Atlanteans (Homo mermanus).

After the Great Cataclysm, there was a new age of warriors and wizards on the surface in which a sword-wielding barbarian rose to become the greatest monarch of his time.

Still later, powerful humanoid beings descended to Earth to seek worship as gods from the people of Ancient Egypt and Greece and from the Norsemen. These were the times of legend, when beings such as Hercules and Thor first walked on Earth.

When the gods departed, mortal heroes rose in their place; for example, in medieval times in England the original Black Knight defended King Arthur from the many threats to his reign at Camelot.

More centuries passed, and new heroes arose in the 19th century American Old West. The adventures of Kid Colt, the Rawhide Kid, the original Night Rider, and the Two-Gun Kid became legends.

With World War I came the first costumed heroes. But there were only a very few, like the first Union Jack, and their careers ended along with the war.

In World War II Sgt. Nick Fury and his Howling Commandos, at the forefront of millions of other valiant Allied soldiers, proved that humans needed no super-powers to soundly defeat Nazi menaces.

But it was during World War II that the first super-powered costumed heroes appeared. There was Captain America, the Atlantean Prince Namor the Sub-Mariner, the original android Human Torch, and many others. Their victories over the Axis Powers thrilled the world but, as in World War I, their careers also ended along with the war.

The age of the super hero had not yet truly arrived. But the lives of certain individuals were moving in fateful directions, and that age drew ever nearer. The world had lost sight of Captain America, whom cold seas had placed into suspended animation to be found and worshipped by Inuit who, having no idea who he was, supposed him to be a deity of some sort. His ex-partner, the Sub-Mariner, had been deprived of his memory by an adversary, and was now no more than a pathetic derelict living on the streets of New York. Nick Fury had become a colonel assigned to the C.I.A., but he longed to both get out from behind a desk and plunge back into action. Soon the C.I.A. would send inventor Tony Stark on a secret mission to a conflict in Afghanistan. But for now Stark revelled in his life as a playboy, free of the burdens that he will bear when he becomes Iron Man. Another scientist, Dr. Robert Bruce Banner, finds himself laboring for the U.S. government on a secret test of a new weapon that he has invented, the Gamma Bomb, that will turn him into the monster known as the Hulk. And still another scientist, Dr. Hank Pym, is now ready to test whether certain subatomic particles that he has discovered can shrink a human being in size. Dr. Don Blake feels a sudden desire to take a vacation to Norway. Although he does not know it, it is there that he will reclaim his true form, that of Thor the God of Thunder. Professor Charles Xavier has rarely traveled far from his mansion since he was crippled years before. For some time now he has tutored Jean Grey in using her powers. Both of them are mutants. Soon he will have other students, a team of mutants named the X-Men. Dr. Stephen Strange has recently returned from his own travels and taken a house in New York's Greenwich Village. He is now ready to act on his own, having been trained in Asia to be the Master of the Mystic Arts. Meanwhile, Matt Murdock and his best friend Foggy Nelson are studying to begin their careers in law. It is not as a lawyer that Murdock will bring his father's killer to justice, however, but as the masked vigilante named Daredevil. And a much younger student, Peter Parker, soon to become the Amazing Spider-Man, escapes from the taunts of bullies into the world of science that he loves.

Testing faster-than-light space travel, scientist Reed Richards, sister and brother Sue and Johnny Storm, and pilot Ben Grimm sneak off into space in a rocket. In space, the four are bombarded by cosmic rays. The autopilot lands the ship back on Earth, where they find themselves physically transformed and possessing remarkable new abilities: Sue can become invisible and then become visible again at will, Ben has transformed into an orange, muscular "thing" with super-strength, Reed's body has become highly malleable, allowing him to both stretch and mold it into any shape or form, and Johnny's body can burst into flame and he can fly. Thus, these four friends become the first of a new generation of super heroes.

Characteristics

Reality

Earth-616 has all the features of our reality: the same countries, same personalities (politicians, movie stars, U.S. Presidents, etc.), same historical events (the Trojan War, the two World Wars, 9/11, etc.), and so on. However, it also features distinct ones, such as countries like Wakanda, Latveria, and Genosha, and organizations like the espionage agency S.H.I.E.L.D. and its main arch-enemy, Hydra. Earth-616 is the mainstream continuity of the Marvel Multiverse and where most of Marvel's comics take place.

Super Heroes and Super Villains

Earth-616's major heroes (the ones who get involved in most of the important events) are the Amazing Spider-Man, the Invincible Iron Man, Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme and Master of the Mystic Arts, Daredevil the Man Without Fear, the Mighty Thor, the Incredible Hulk, the Fantastic Four, S.H.I.E.L.D.'s director Nick Fury, and Captain America. The Fantastic Four, the Avengers, the X-Men, the Defenders and the Guardians of the Galaxy are the biggest team players, although the memberships of all of these groups have often changed. The Avengers have included most of Earth-616's major heroes as members at one time or another. The X-Men consists of various mutants, such as Wolverine, Storm, and Phoenix, brought together by Professor X. The Defenders were an ad hoc team that was formed by Doctor Strange to help him deal with major menaces to the world, often including the Hulk, the Sub-Mariner, the Silver Surfer and various other heroes, with its most recent incarnation consisting of street-level heroes Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist. The Guardians of the Galaxy are a group of rag-tag cosmic misfits consisting of Star-Lord, Gamora, Drax the Destroyer, Rocket Raccoon, and Groot, but the team has also included Iron Man, the Thing, and Kitty Pryde as members. The Fantastic Four are the "First Family" of super heroes consisting of Mister Fantastic, the Invisible Woman, the Human Torch, and the Thing. The Inhuman Royal Family are the rulers of the city of Attilan and have as members Black Bolt, Medusa, Crystal, Triton, Karnak the Shatterer, Gorgon, and Lockjaw. The Runaways are six teenagers and a dinosaur from Los Angeles, California consisting of Alex Wilder, Karolina Dean, Nico Minoru, Chase Stein, Gertrude Yorkes, Molly Hayes, and Old Lace, all of whom rebelled against their parents, members of a group known as the Pride. The Midnight Sons have featured Marvel's supernatural / horror heroes such as Doctor Strange and the Moon Knight. The New Warriors have been the home of various teenage super heroes like the Night Thrasher, Marvel Boy, Namorita, Justice, Speedball, Debrii, and Firestar. Power Pack are four children, now teenagers, who got their powers from a dying alien; they are Zero-G, the Energizer, Lightspeed, and the Mass Master. Alpha Flight are Canada's top super hero team, most of whom are mutants such as Guardian, Sasquatch, Northstar, Aurora, Snowbird, Shaman, and Puck.

As one would expect from a universe of super heroes, evil and crime are bound to erupt such as the case with Victor von Doom, perhaps better known as Doctor Doom, arch-enemy of the Fantastic Four. Doctor Doom has the record of the most heroes fought, having fought nearly every hero on Earth many times, including the Avengers and the X-Men. Other major villains include Magneto, the mutant master of magnetism, and the mutant overlord Apocalypse, both of them former arch-enemies of the X-Men; the corrupt and megalomaniacal businessman Norman Osborn, a.k.a. the Green Goblin, the insane scientist Doctor Otto Octavius, a.k.a. Doctor Octopus, and the insane former reporter Eddie Brock, a.k.a. Venom, all three of them arch-enemies of Spider-Man; Victor Creed, a.k.a. Sabretooth, the arch-enemy of Wolverine; the Kingpin of Crime, a.k.a. Wilson Fisk, and the mercenary Bullseye, both of them arch-enemies of Daredevil; Sam Sterns, a.k.a. the Leader and Emil Blonsky, a.k.a. the Abomination, both of them arch-enemies of the Hulk; the Dread Dormammu and Baron Mordo, both of them arch-enemies of Doctor Strange; the Nazi fascist the Red Skull, the arch-enemy of Captain America; the trickster god Loki, the half-brother and arch-enemy of Thor; the Mandarin, the arch-enemy of Iron Man; Thanos the Mad Titan, Kang the Conqueror, and Ultron, all three of them arch-enemies of the Avengers; the demon-lord Mephisto, the arch-enemy of both the Silver Surfer and the Ghost Rider; the terrorist organization known as Hydra and its leader Baron Strucker, arch-enemies of both S.H.I.E.L.D. and Nick Fury; and Maximus the Mad and the League of Evil Inhumans, arch-enemies of the Inhuman Royal Family. Another huge threat is the Devourer of Worlds, Galactus, who has been fought many times by the Fantastic Four and the Silver Surfer, as well as other heroes.

A degree of paranoid fear against mutants exists due to stories of mutants being either a separate species from, or a subspecies of, normal humans (i.e., either Homo superior or Homo sapiens superior, depending on the one doing the classifying) that is constantly evolving and is meant to replace normal humans. This has caused organizations to form in order to deal with the problem who can be divided into three camps: those who seek peaceful coexistence between mutants and normal humans (the X-Men and their affiliated groups), those who seek to control or eliminate normal humans to give mutants safety or dominance (Magneto and the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, as well as other mutants such as Apocalypse), and those who seek to regulate or eliminate mutants in favor of normal humans. The latter often use the robots known as the Sentinels as weapons.

The Origin of Superhuman Powers

Most of the superhumans owe their powers to the Celestials, cosmic beings who visited Earth 1 million years ago and experimented on our prehistoric ancestors (a process that they also carried out on several other planets as well). This resulted in the creation of two hidden races, the godlike Eternals and the genetically unstable Deviants, in addition to giving some humans an "x-gene" in their genetic structure which sometimes activates naturally, resulting in sometimes super-powered, sometimes disfigured individuals called mutants.

Others require catalysts (such as radiation) to cause their powers to manifest. With the exception of psionic abilities, these powers are usually random; rarely do two people have the exact same set of powers. It is not clear why the Celestials did this, although it is known that they continue to observe humanity's evolution. The majority of the general public is unaware of what may cause superhuman powers.

Other origins for superhuman powers include magic, genetic manipulation, or bionic implants. Some heroes and villains have no powers at all, but depend instead on hand-to-hand combat training or advanced technological equipment. Technology is slightly more advanced than in our real world, this is due to unique individuals of genius-level intelligence such as Reed Richards (a.k.a. Mister Fantastic) of the Fantastic Four, Tony Stark (a.k.a. Iron Man), Robert Bruce Banner (a.k.a. the Hulk), Doctor Doom (a.k.a. Victor von Doom) and Otto Octavius (a.k.a. Doctor Octopus); however, most of the really advanced devices (such as powered armor and death rays) are too expensive for the common citizen and are usually in the hands of government organizations like S.H.I.E.L.D. or powerful criminal organizations like the Maggia, Hydra, A.I.M., and the Secret Empire (the last two of these were formerly sub-divisions of Hydra before they both severed all of their ties with it and became independent organizations themselves). One major company producing these devices is Stark International, owned by Tony Stark (a.k.a. Iron Man), but there are others. Advanced technology has also been given to humans by hidden races, aliens, or time travelers like Kang the Conqueror, who is known to have influenced the robotics industry in the past.

• The battery effect: the cells in the body have the same function as batteries, being charged with energy that comes from an outside source. This is most often seen in gamma radiation-exposed individuals such as the Hulk, the Leader and the Abomination, who get their powers from this stored energy. The powers will remain as long as the energy is present, and can even be increased by filling the "batteries" even more. If the energy is emptied, the powers will fade away.
• The Power Primordial is a leftover force from the Big Bang and is controlled by the Elders of the Universe.
• Psionic energy, which is assumed to be invisible, is an unknown form of energy generated by all living brains which has the ability to manipulate other forms of matter and energy.
  • The universal psionic field is a force that is present everywhere in the universe, but only those with abilities to connect to it can make use of its energy.
• The Enigma Force is suspected to be connected to the Microverse and is also the source of its counterpart on Earth, the Uni-Power, which can transform individuals into Captain Universe.
• Extra-dimensional spaces can be tapped in order to pull out mass from them, to add to objects on Earth, or take away from those objects and be stored in those "pocket dimensions" to be retrieved later. This is how characters like the Hulk can grow and shrink in size with no visible absorption of mass. A type of subatomic particles called Pym Particles can be used for these effects (note that many giant-sized characters have the secret ability to manipulate gravity to handle their increased weight). The change in mass can be in the form of a density change instead, allowing a character to become harder or incorporeal. Some characters can seem to "transform" themselves (or others) into non-living substances, or even pure energy, by storing their bodies in extradimensional space and replacing them with bodies made from matter or energy from that dimension while their souls remain on Earth, controlling their new body. Travel into other dimensions can also be used as a way to "teleport" by exiting the Earth dimension at one point and re-entering it at a different point.
  • The Darkforce is a dark substance from the Darkforce Dimension which can be summoned and manipulated in many ways: to create impenetrable darkness, to solidify it in various forms, and (most notably) to absorb the "life energy" from living beings (not all users can use all of these effects, however). The Darkforce can also be used to travel to and from its home dimension, but this is dangerous to all except those with Darkforce powers. Some believe that the Darkforce is sentient and sometimes has an evil influence on those who use it. Various heroes and villains have versions of Darkforce powers, including Darkstar, the first Blackout, the Shroud, Cloak, and Quagmire (of the Squadron Supreme Universe). Cloak seems to be the prime "portal" to the Darkforce, however.
  • The Lightforce or the Living Light is the opposite of the Darkforce and a form of energy which resembles light and also comes from its own dimension, but has healing effects on living beings (except ones made of darkness or Darkforce). It is unknown if it might be sentient. Cloak's friend and partner, Dagger, seems to be the Lightforce's main avatar.
• The Power Cosmic is a force which can alter reality, allowing the user to do whatever he or she wants (including breaking the laws of physics), only being limited by how much cosmic energy that the user can harness at one time. It seems to be part of the universe itself and it can be linked directly to Galactus as its primary wielder or even its source. The Heralds of Galactus, including the Silver Surfer and Nova, are imbued with the Power Cosmic.
• Magic also appears to be like a form of energy, except that it can defy the laws of physics naturally; however, it does have rules of its own to follow which vary with the method of invocation, usually in the form of spoken spells. It appears to be present in everything, even living beings. All humans in the Marvel Universe have the ability to use magic, but only if properly trained to do so. Most people are unaware that magic actually works or even that it actually exists. In addition, powerful magical beings from other dimensions have created specific, extremely powerful magical spells that they allow to be used (often indiscriminately) by those sorcerers who invoke their names; one example is the trinity of beings called the Vishanti, who serve as patrons to heroic sorcerers. At any given time, there is a sorcerer on Earth whose task is to protect the universe against extradimensional mystical invaders; this sorcerer is known as the Sorcerer Supreme, an office formerly held by Doctor Strange and later held by Doctor Voodoo.
• Hellfire or Soulfire is a magical force which resembles fire, but it is cold and hurts the soul rather than the physical body; it is used mostly by demonic beings.

Non-Human Races

In addition to mutants, Eternals, and Deviants, several other intelligent races have existed secretly on Earth. These include the Inhumans, another genetically unstable race (like the Deviants, but in their case it is due to their use of a substance called the "Terrigen Mist") which was created by a Kree experiment long ago; the Subterraneans, a race of humanoids that are adapted to living below the surface that were created by the Deviants (some of the Subterraneans were transformed into the Lava Men by a demon); and Homo mermanus, a humanoid species of water-breathers that lives in Earth's oceans. Most of these races have advanced technology but existed hidden from humanity until recent times. More variants of humanity can be found in the Savage Land (see the Places section below).

Alien Races

There are thousands of intelligent alien races in known outer space (the local group of galaxies). Earth has interacted with many of them due to the fact that a major "hyperspace warp" happens to exist in our Solar System. The three major alien races are:

• the Kree, who rule the Kree Galaxy, also known as the Large Magellanic Cloud on Earth,
• the Skrulls, who rule the Skrull Galaxy, also known as the Andromeda Galaxy on Earth,
• the Shi'ar, who rule the Shi'ar Galaxy.

These three are often in direct or indirect conflict which occasionally involve humans; in particular, the Kree and the Skrulls are ancient enemies and their equally-ancient conflict, the Kree-Skrull War, has involved humans on several occasions. Other interstellar powers include the Brood, the Phalanx, the Badoon, the Annihilation Wave, the Troyjans, and the Charter Federation.

Another prominent alien race is the Watchers, immortal and wise beings who watch over the Marvel Universe and have taken a sacred vow not to intervene in events, though the Watcher who is assigned to Earth, Uatu, has violated this vow on several occasions.

The Elders of the Universe are ancient aliens, each the last of their own species who have often had great impact on many worlds, for billions of years, acting either alone or as a group.

The major interstellar powers have formed an “Intergalactic Council” to have their say on matters that affect them all, such as interference from humans in their affairs. Their membership includes hundreds of thousands of alien worlds.

Supernatural Creatures

Also abundant are legendary creatures such as gods, demons, vampires and werewolves, among others. The "gods" of most polytheistic pantheons are actually powerful, immortal human-like races from other dimensions who visited Earth in ancient times and became the basis of many legends (obviously not all such legends can be true, since they contradict scientific facts as well as each other). Besides mythological gods, many deities that were made up by Marvel writers exist as well, such as the Dark Gods, arch-enemies of the Asgardians (note that many persons and beings have falsely pretended to be both gods or demons during history; in particular, none of the ones claiming to be figures from Judeo-Christian beliefs (such as God, Satan, or the angels) have ever turned out to actually be the genuine article).

Similarly, demons are evil magical beings who take part in the matters of the universe, one of the most notorious being Mephisto. Others of prominence include Satannish, Thog the Nether-Spawn, Marduk Kurios (a.k.a. "Satan"), Asmodeus, Baphomet, Nightmare, D'Spayre, N'Astirah, Dormammu, and Shuma-Gorath.

Most of the current generation of gods have been revealed to be the descendants of the Elder Goddess Gaea. The two most prominent pantheons are the Asgardians (of whom Thor is a member) and the Olympians (of whom Hercules is a member). The lords of the various pantheons sometimes gather in groups known as the Council of Godheads or the Council of Skyfathers.

The gods were forced to stop meddling with humanity (at least openly) 1,000 years ago by the Celestials, and most people today believe them to be either fictional or mythical.

Cosmic Beings

Above all other beings in the universe are the cosmic beings, entities of unbelievably great levels of power (even the weakest of them can destroy entire planets) who exist to perform duties that maintain the existence of the universe. Most of them do not care at all about "lesser beings" such as humans and, as a consequence of this, their acts can occasionally be dangerous to mortals.

When dire perils threaten the universe, it is not uncommon for these beings to gather together to discuss the threat and even take action to stop it.

Dimensions

Several dimensions coexist simultaneously without affecting each other directly, ranging from the Earth-like to the totally alien. Some are magical in nature and others are scientific; some are inhabited and others are not. These include realities like the Microverse, the Darkforce Dimension, the Mojoverse, and many more.

Time

Another noteworthy feature of this universe is that time "branches out", creating new alternate realities when certain important events happen. Those realities can also spawn alternate realities of their own. There exist hundreds, probably thousands, millions or even billions of such alternate realities. It is unknown why this happens, though a warp known as the Nexus of All Realities exists in a swamp in the Florida Everglades near Citrusville in Cypress County, Florida and is constantly watched over by its guardian, the mindless, empathic swamp monster known as the Man-Thing. For the most part this does not matter, as most beings are unaware that this occurs or even that their universes were recently "born" from other ones. However, organizations exist which try to either monitor or manipulate the various alternate realities. These include the Captain Britain Corps, the Time Variance Authority (TVA), and Kang the Conqueror's forces (see Continuities below).

The Timeline

The following timeline describes the major events of Earth-616. Only major fictional historical events are listed here. Please note that few exact dates have been given for these events, so approximations are used instead. Please also note also that a sliding timescale applies to Earth-616, so that events involving its inhabitants can only be determined as having happened a certain number of years before whatever the current date is.

Places

Certain places, some of which exist in real-life and some of which are fictional, figure prominently in the Marvel Universe.

New York City

Most of the action of Marvel Comics takes place in New York City, New York. It is the traditional home of the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, the Defenders, the X-Men, Spider-Man, Doctor Strange, Daredevil, Luke Cage, Iron Fist, Jessica Jones, the Punisher, the Moon Knight, and many others.

New York City is the site of many places that are important to super heroes, notably Avengers Mansion, Stark Tower, the Baxter Building and Four Freedoms Plaza, Hell's Kitchen, the Raft, the Sanctum Sanctorum, Midtown High School, Harlem, Queens, etc.

Two universities are also especially prominent in the Marvel Universe:

• Columbia University - A university whose alumni include Matt Murdock (Daredevil), Elektra Natchios, and Reed Richards (Mister Fantastic).
• Empire State University - A university whose alumni include Peter Parker (Spider-Man), Emma Frost, and Johnny Storm (the Human Torch).

Regions and Countries

• Atlantis – The home of Namor the Sub-Mariner.
• Attilan (also called The Hidden Land) - One of the homes of the Inhumans, mobile but often in the North Atlantic Ocean.
• Bagalia – A sovereign nation run by criminals.
• Barbuda – An island run by A.I.M.
• Bastrona –
• Belgriun –
• Bosqueverde –
• Costa Salvador –
• Delvadia – The home of the Tarantula.
• Estrella –
• Egypt – The home of the mutant god Apocalypse and the Moon god Khonshu. It is also the place where Marc Spector was resurrected from the dead and became the Moon Knight.
• Halwan –
• Deviant Lemuria – The undersea home of the Deviants located at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
• Genosha – An island dwarf-nation off the coast of Africa north of Madagascar; former apartheid-like state where mutants were once enslaved. Later a mutant refuge nation before its utter destruction by Cassandra Nova and her Wild Sentinels.
  • Hammer Bay – The capital of Genosha.
• Imaya –
• Kamar-Taj – A small kingdom in the Himalayas.
• Krakoa – A living island in the South Pacific.
• K'un-Lun – A Tibetan pocket dimension city; home of the dragon Shou-Lao and the Iron Fist legacy.
• Latveria – A tiny East European country that is ruled with an iron fist by its monarch, Doctor Doom.
• Lemuria – An undersea nation similar to Atlantis.
• Madripoor – An Asian city modeled after Singapore to which Wolverine has connections.
• Mazikhandar –
• Medisuela –
• Morvania –
• Muir Island – An island off the northwestern coast of Scotland; home to Moira MacTaggert's most public mutant research laboratory.
• Narobia –
• New Atlantis – A new settlement for Atlanteans underneath Utopia.
• Nova Roma – The home of Magma in Brazil; an ancient Rome-like city.
• Olympia – The mountain city of the Eternals, located on Mount Olympus in Greece.
• Project Pegasus – A secret government-run energy research facility specializing in superhuman studies.
• Rumekistan – A former subset of the U.S.S.R., briefly ruled by Cable.
• San Diablo –
• The Savage Land – A hidden place with a tropical climate and both prehistoric animals and primitive humans located in the heart of Antarctica.
• Slorenia –
• Subterranea – A seemingly planet-wide network of caverns and tunnels lying miles beneath Earth's surface.
• Symkaria – A country adjoining (and annexed by) Latveria.
• Terra Verde –
• Transia – The birthplace of Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch, and where Mount Wundagore (the prison of the Elder God Chthon) is located.
• Utopia – Previously home to the X-Men and most remaining mutants located in San Francisco Bay; founded during the Dark Reign in order to escape the U.S. government's persecution of mutants.
• The Vault – A prison for superhumans in Colorado.
• Wakanda – An African nation ruled by T'Challa, the Black Panther.

Planets and Planetoids

• Asteroid M — A series of orbital bases created by Magneto.
• Astra — A planet where humanoid aliens possess magnetic and molecule-controlling powers that enable them to have complete control over metal.
• The Blue Area of the Moon — A Kree-terraformed section of Earth's Moon; home to Uatu the Watcher and the Summers-Grey family and former home of the Inhuman city of Attilan.
• Breakworld —
• Chandilar — The throneworld of the Shi'ar Empire.
• Counter-Earth — Secondary duplicates of Earth. The first was built by the High Evolutionary, moved away from the Solar System and destroyed by the power of the Infinity Gauntlet. The second was built by Franklin Richards.
• Ego the Living Planet — A sentient planet.
• Kosmos — A planet from which a sludge-like alien criminal escaped to hide on Earth, where he killed the Wasp's father and fought Ant-Man.
• Kree-Lar — The second homeworld of the blue-skinned Kree; homeworld of Captain Mar-Vell, Colonel Yon-Rogg, Captain Atlas, and Una.
• Titan — The largest moon of Saturn and the technologically advanced home to the banished Titanian Eternals; the birthplace of Thanos the Mad Titan.
• Wundagore — A planet orbiting Sirius; named for a mountain in Transia (Eastern Europe).
• Zenn-La — The homeworld of the Silver Surfer.

Extradimensional Landmarks

• Asgard — The home plane of superhuman beings analogous to the Norse gods.
• Heliopolis — The home plane of superhuman beings analogous to the gods of Egypt.
• Hell — A negative afterlife inhabited by evil (and damned) beings.
• Limbo —
• The Microverse —
  • The Micronauts' Homeworld – A chain of connected worldlets, resembling a ball-and-stick molecular model.
  • Sub-Atomica — The home of Psycho-Man.
• Mojo World — A world of spineless aliens obsessed with human media broadcast entertainment.
• The Negative Zone —
• Niflheim —
  • Hel — A division of Niflheim ruled by Hela; the realm of the dead to the Asgardians and those who revere them.
• The Nexus of All Realities — A cross-dimensional pathway intersecting with a swamp in the Florida Everglades near Citrusville, a town in Cypress County, Florida that is constantly guarded by the mindless, empathic swamp monster known as the Man-Thing.
• Olympus — The home plane of superhuman beings analogous to the Greek gods.

Artifacts, Materials, and Objects of Power

Some items have been created specifically for the Marvel Universe and carry immense powers, among them Vibranium, the Book of the Vishanti, the Cosmic Cube, the Darkhold, the Eye of Agamotto, the Infinity Gauntlet, the Mandarin's Ten Rings, Thor's hammer Mjolnir, the M'kraan Crystal, the Quantum Bands, the Serpent Crown, the Siege Perilous, and the Ultimate Nullifier.

Culture and Media

TV

• Secret Hospital - A soap opera starring Mary Jane Watson
• Lacuna with the Stars - Talk show hosted by "8th X-Statix" Lacuna, wherein she reveals celebrities' secrets
• Superman - An animated series
• Dog Cops

Films

• Fantastic Four
• Spider-Man
• Lobster Man: The Movie
• Deadpool
• Mandarin: The Story of My Life
• Howard the Duck
• Nighthawk V Hyperion: Yawn of Boredom
• Eat Pray Doom (based on the book of the same name)
• Black Panther
• The Two-Gun Kid Meets Dracula (staring Martin Preston)

Print Publications

• The Daily Bugle – A New York City-based tabloid-format newspaper, owned by Joseph Robertson.
• The Daily Globe – A New York City-based newspaper and a major rival of the Daily Bugle.
• The Marvel Comics Group – A line of sometimes-licensed comic books based on popular super heroes. These include X-Men, The Amazing Spider-Man, Fantastic Four, and Captain America.
• Now Magazine – A glossy magazine from the publishers of the Daily Bugle.
• The New York Bulletin – Another New York City-based tabloid newspaper.
• The Pulse – A super hero-oriented feature section of the Daily Bugle.

Trends

• "Magneto was right" – After Magneto was believed dead in the Genoshan holocaust, he became a popular T-shirt logo and graffiti image.
• "Cyclops was right" – A popular T-shirt logo and movement based on Cyclops' point of view on how humanity treated mutantkind.
• Mutant culture – In the time leading up to M-Day, mutant fashion, music, and art became very popular.
• "Tony was right" / "Cap was right" – T-shirt logos popularized after the Civil War.

Commercial Products

• Doop key chains and plush toys.

Notable Figures

Politicians

• Victor von Doom – Former monarch of the tiny Eastern European country of Latveria and would-be world conqueror, also known as Doctor Doom.
• Namor – King of Atlantis, an underwater nation.
• T'Challa – Ruler of the African kingdom of Wakanda, highly-skilled warrior and bearer of the royal mantle of the Black Panther.
• Max Eisenhardt – Former ruler of the island of Genosha and international terrorist, hero to many of Earth's mutants, better known as the mutant extremist Magneto.
• Scott Summers – Mutant activist / extremist known as Cyclops, and leader of the X-Men. Former leader of the nation of Utopia.
• Blackagar Boltagon – Former king of the Inhumans and the Kree Empire, former co-leader of the Universal Inhumans.
• Medusalith Amaquelin – Former queen of the Inhumans and the Kree Empire, former co-leader of the Universal Inhumans.
• Lilandra, Majestrix Shi'ar – Former queen of the intergalactic Shi'ar Empire; now deceased.
  • Xandra, Majestrix Shi'ar – Queen of the intergalactic Shi'ar Empire.
• Emperor Dorrek VIII – Emperor of the Kree-Skrull Alliance.
• Senator Robert Kelly – United States senator who rose to power on an anti-mutant platform; was killed by an anti-mutant militant after experiencing a change of heart and trying to improve human/mutant relations.
• Graydon Creed – Founder of the Friends of Humanity, a group vehemently opposed to mutant civil rights. Once a presidential contender, Creed was shot and killed at a rally. He has since been resurrected and killed twice via the Techno-Organic Virus and as a zombie, and he has yet to make an appearance since his third resurrection.

Businessmen

• Tony Stark – Former CEO of Stark Industries and a super-genius inventor, better known as the armored super hero Iron Man.
• Norman Osborn – Former CEO of Oscorp, as well as the insane super villain the Green Goblin.
• Warren Worthington III – CEO of Worthington Industries, co-CXO of the X-Corporation, mutant, and long-time member of the X-Men; also known as both the Angel and the Archangel.
• Emma Frost – CEO of Frost International and co-leader of the Hellfire Trading Company.
• Sebastian Shaw – CEO of Shaw Industries and co-leader of the Hellfire Trading Company.
• Katherine "Kitty" Pryde – Co-leader of the Hellfire Trading Company, former administrator of the Xavier Institute for Mutant Education and Outreach and de facto representative of the mutant race.
• Danny Rand – CEO of Rand Corporation and secretly the martial arts master and vigilante known as Iron Fist.
• Roberto Da Costa – CEO of DaCosta International and formerly A.I.M. as a subdivision of the peacekeeping agency S.H.I.E.L.D.
• Peter Parker – Former CEO of Parker Industries, inventor, and secretly the vigilante known as Spider-Man.

Scientists

• Reed Richards – Super-genius engineer, mathematician and physicist. Creator of Unstable Molecules and many other notable scientific achievements. Leader of the Fantastic Four, a group of adventurers and superheroic explorers.
• Hank Pym – World-renowned biochemist, discoverer of the Pym Particles and creator of the evil artificial intelligence (A.I.) known as Ultron.
• Robert Bruce Banner – Nuclear physicist and the world's leading expert on gamma radiation.
• Hank McCoy – Preeminent mutant biologist; also known as the Beast of the X-Men.
• Otto Octavius – Brilliant inventor and world-renowned expert in atomic energy.
• Walter Newell – World's leading oceanographer, engineer, inventor and the super hero known as Stingray.
• Michael Morbius – World-renowned biochemist; also known as Morbius the Living Vampire.
• Kavita Rao – World-renowned geneticist.
• Bolivar Trask – Noted anthropologist, creator of the Sentinels.
• Max Modell – World-renowned scientist, head of Horizon University.
• Alexi Cronos – World's greatest robotics expert.

Government Agents

• Nick Fury – Former director of S.H.I.E.L.D.
• Carol Danvers – Former commander of the Alpha Flight space initiative and ambassador extraordinaire of the human race.
• Steve Rogers – Former director of S.H.I.E.L.D., World War II legend and the super hero known as Captain America.
• Abigail Brand – Commander of S.W.O.R.D.
• Maria Hill – Former director of S.H.I.E.L.D.
• Henry Peter Gyrich – Acting commander of Alpha Flight; former co-director of S.W.O.R.D. and the U.S. Department of State liaison to both the Avengers and Wakanda.
• Val Cooper – Special assistant to the NSA; former adviser of the President of the United States, Chairman of the Commission on Superhuman Activities and liaison to X-Factor.

Others

• Professor Charles Xavier – Primary spokesman for the mutant nation of Krakoa and outspoken mutant-rights advocate, former administrator of Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters.
• Matt Murdock – Renowned lawyer, assistant district attorney, and former defense attorney; secretly the vigilante known as Daredevil.
• Stephen Strange – Sorcerer Supreme, Master of the Mystic Arts, and former world-renowned neurosurgeon, better known as Doctor Strange.
• John (J.) Jonah Jameson – Reporter, newspaper publisher, and an outspoken critic of Spider-Man; former mayor of New York City.
• Mary Jane Watson – Famous model and actress.

Organizations

Corporations

• Stark Industries – Owned by Tony Stark (Iron Man); headquartered in New York City.
• Worthington Industries – Owned by Warren Worthington III (the Angel); headquartered in New York City.
• Oscorp – Formerly owned by Norman Osborn (the Green Goblin); acquired by Alchemax.
• Frost International – Owned by Emma Frost.
• Shaw Industries – Owned by Sebastian Shaw.
• The Rand Corporation – Owned by Danny Rand (Iron Fist); headquartered in New York City.
• Da Costa International – Owned by Roberto Da Costa.
• The Roxxon Energy Corporation – One of the largest fuel conglomerates in the world.
• The Genetech Bio-Research Facility – Superhuman genetic research firm located in the Sayville neighborhood of Islip, New York; made headlines for creating armor that was made for use in the capture / killing of Max Eisenhardt (Magneto).
• Horizon Labs – Leading company in creating the most advanced technology; owned by Max Modell.
• Alchemax – Owned by Liz Allan; headquartered in New York City.
• Parker Industries – Formerly owned by Peter Parker (Spider-Man); now dissolved and defunct.
• Landau, Luckman & Lake – An enigmatic intergalactic and interdimensional holding company.

Charity, Volunteer and Outreach Organizations

• Captain America's Hotline – A nationwide phone service that lets civilians contact Captain America with information pertaining to national security or crises beyond the scope of the conventional authorities. Established using Captain America's back pay since World War II. Stars and Stripes, a network of volunteer data processors, scan the messages and forward them to Captain America, based on suitability, location, and urgency.
• Excelsior – Support group of former teenage super heroes that help their peers make the transition to a civilian lifestyle. Founded by Phil Urich and Michiko "Mickey" Musashi (Turbo). Bankrolled by Rick Jones.
• Mutantes Sans Frontières – Charity organization run by Warren Worthington III (the Angel).
• The X-Corporation – Outreach program that provides rescue, relief, and refuge to mutants, with embassies in Amsterdam, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Mumbai, Nairobi, New York, Paris, and Singapore. After M-Day, several of its embassies were bombed, so all of the X-Corporation was evacuated to the X-Mansion in Salem Center, New York.
• The Hellfire Club – Publicly an international social club for the social elite and wealthy, actually and secretly a secret society with an inner circle of wealthy oligarchs and politicians, and later wealthy and / or powerful mutants.
• The Maria Stark Foundation – Non-profit organization created by Tony Stark which uses donated funds to finance various charities and renovation projects, as well as the Avengers.

Landmarks

• Avengers Mansion — Long-time former home of the Avengers, the Uncanny Avengers, and the Stark family. Located at 890 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
• Avengers Mountain — Refurbished ice caves and Celestial Progenitor corpse in the Arctic Circle. Current base of the Avengers.
• Avengers Tower — Formerly Stark Tower, former headquarters of the Avengers.
• The Baxter Building and Four Freedoms Plaza — Buildings that have been home to the Fantastic Four, located at 42nd Street and Madison Avenue, New York City.
• Magda Square, Genosha — Former political, economic, and cultural center of the former mutant homeland, now in ruins following a devastating attack. Named for Magneto's deceased wife Magda Eisenhardt.
• The Raft — Prison for superpowered villains located on Ryker's Island, off the coast of New York City.
• The Ravencroft Institute — An asylum for the criminally insane and super-powered in southern New York.
• The Sanctum Sanctorum — The mystical sanctuary of Doctor Strange.
• The X-Mansion, Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters, the Jean Grey School For Higher Learning, now Graymalkin Habitat — Former base of operations for the X-Men and the X-Corporation, located at 1407 Graymalkin Lane, Salem Center in Westchester County, New York.
• Yancy Street — Known primarily for being the birthplace of the Thing. Current home of the Fantastic Four.

Government Agencies

• S.H.I.E.L.D. – Founded to combat technologically advanced threats to world security, S.H.I.E.L.D. has, throughout the years, remained on the front lines, both fighting terrorism and extraterrestrial menaces and working as an international intelligence agency. Currently defunct.
• H.A.M.M.E.R. – Created by Norman Osborn as S.H.I.E.L.D.'s replacement. Later a terrorist organization before its dissolution.
• S.W.O.R.D. – Counter-terrorism and intelligence agency which deals with extraterrestrial threats to world security. Now partnered with the mutant nation of Krakoa.
• A.R.M.O.R. – Extradimensional security agency to guard against contamination and conflict from alternate realities.
• S.T.R.I.K.E. – British intelligence agency dedicated to dealing with threats beyond the remit of the regular intelligence services.
• O*N*E* – Government agency created to protect / observe the X-Men and the remaining mutants after M-Day, which reduced the number of mutants on Earth to a very few hundred.
• S.I.C.K.L.E. – The Russian Federation's equivalent of S.H.I.E.L.D.
• S.P.E.A.R. – The People's Republic of China's equivalent of S.H.I.E.L.D.
• The X.S.E. – Former paramilitary police force charged with keeping the peace between humans and mutants. The X.S.E. was founded by Storm at the behest of the United Nations in order to police the growing mutant population.

Criminal Organizations

• A.I.M.
• H.A.M.M.E.R.
• The Agence Byzantine
• The Atlas Foundation
• The Hand
• The Celestial Order of the Si-Fan
• The Five Weapons Society
• Hydra
• The Pride
• The Goblin Nation
• The Triads (a.k.a. the Chinese Mafia)
• The Yakuza (a.k.a. the Japanese Mafia)
• The Maggia
• The Cartels (the Latin American drug cartels)
• The Molina (a.k.a. the Russian Mafia)
• La Cosa Nostra (a.k.a. the Italian Mafia)
• Leviathan
• The Secret Empire
• The Power Elite
• J.A.N.U.S.
• XENO
• Orchis

Education

• Empire State University – A university whose alumni include Peter Parker, Emma Frost, and Johnny Storm (the Human Torch).
• Metro College – A college whose former students include Jean Grey and Cal Rankin.
• Massachusetts Academy – A prep school. Emma Frost taught the original Hellions, Kitty Pryde, and Generation X there.
• Midtown High School – A New York City public high school attended by Peter Parker and Jessica Jones.
• The Jean Grey School for Higher Learning – A former private school for mutant (and, at one time, human) children. Previously known as Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters and the Xavier Institute for Higher Learning.
• The Future Foundation – A project created by Mister Fantastic to teach intellectually gifted youngsters.

Retail Outlets

The super heroes provide material for merchandising, which is sold at the store located on the ground floor of the Baxter Building, in comic book stores or at X-Force Café. At one point, Deadpool set up a merchandise store for his own licensed products at the Schaefer Theater to fund the Avengers Unity Division with the profits.

Pharmaceuticals / Narcotics

Many drugs (often related to mutants) such as "Kick" or the Mutant Growth Hormone exist within the Marvel Universe, as well as mutant-related diseases and medication. The Human Drugs I, L, and M are products of Krakoa and were instrumental in the nation's recognition by the United Nations.

Notes

• The Multiverse numbering system, as well as the designation Earth-616, were conceived by Dave Thorpe, then-writer of Captain Britain (Vol. 2) for Marvel UK. He originally intended for Earth-616 to be the designation for "the worst of the parallel Earths that was holding the others back from achieving the shift forward to the next evolutionary stage." Its designation comes from the Number of the Beast (666); however, Thorpe thought that the connection would have been too obvious, so he decided to subtract 50 ("a nice round number") from it. When Alan Moore succeeded Thorpe, he assigned this crooked reality the designation Earth-238 instead, and the number 616 was used for the universe of origin of Captain Britain; therefore, the mainstream Marvel reality. The term "Earth 616" was used for the first time in Daredevils #7.
• The central concept of the Marvel Universe is that it is just like the real world, except that super heroes (and super villains) exist. It is more than just that, however. The Marvel Universe includes examples of most major science fiction and fantasy concepts, and writers keep adding more continuously. Furthermore, these concepts are often (though not always) developed in ways that do not contradict each other, but instead form a unified background. This concept is fairly rare; another major example of a fictional universe that also seeks to use all types of fantastic elements is the DC Universe.
• As a consequence of Secret Wars and its multiversal reset, an editorial decision was made to leave the Marvel Universe without a numeric designation, with issues such as Spider-Gwen (Vol. 2) #17 referring to it as "the universe formerly known as 616." This decision seemingly fell through, eventually, with both creators (such as Jordan D. White, Jason Aaron, Leah Williams, Lonnie Nadler and Zac Thompson, Christopher Cantwell, Deniz Camp, Bryan Hill, Cody Ziglar, Christos Gage, Dan Slott, Brian Michael Bendis, Stephanie Williams, Emily Kim and Spencer Ackerman) and published material (including Spider-Gwen (Vol. 2) #16 and 30, Superior Octopus #1, Spider-Geddon #1, Spider-Force #1, Spider-Man: Enter the Spider-Verse #1, Spider-Girls #3, Spider-Gwen: Ghost-Spider #10, Ghost-Spider #1–2, Ghost-Spider Annual #1, Gwenpool Strikes Back #5, Ultimate Invasion #1, Ultimates (Vol. 4) #1, Deadpool/Wolverine: Weapon X-Traction #1 and Avengers (Vol. 9) #18) using the "616" designation unequivocally.
• Although Marvel has been publishing since 1939 with the release of Marvel Comics #1, the Marvel Universe's official beginning was in 1961 with the release of Fantastic Four #1.

Trivia

• Some characters from outside companies have been incorporated into the Marvel Universe such as Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja, Kull the Conqueror, Solomon Kane, the Micronauts, Godzilla, Rom the Spaceknight, the Shogun Warriors, the Transformers, Dr. Fu Manchu, and Tarzan of the Apes. In most cases, the licensing rights to the characters are restricted after the original company reacquires them and they are renamed or redesigned to avoid copyright issues outside of the occasional intercompany crossovers; however, the rights to Conan the Barbarian, Kull the Conqueror, and Solomon Kane have since reverted back to Marvel and they are now incorporated into the Marvel Universe again, while elements of Godzilla, Dr. Fu Manchu, Rom the Spaceknight, and the Micronauts pop up from time to time.
• Several alternate continuities, chiefly Earth-928 and Earth-14412, have been treated as possible alternate futures of Earth-616 in series such as Spider-Man 2099 (Vol. 3) and Thor: God of Thunder to the extent that changes occurring on Earth-616 as a result of time travel have sometimes drastically altered the history of those universes as well. Earth-928 has also been referred to as "Earth-616 circa 2099," and when a question regarding this was posed in the editorial section, the response was that Earth-928 was always intended to be Earth-616 in the future and that it should not have been given its own universe designation. This distinction was carried over to Earth-23291 which in Amazing Spider-Man (Vol. 5) #34 was stated to be part of the same timeline as the Prime Marvel Universe, rather than branching off of it like other alternate continuities.

See Also

• 4294 appearance(s) of Earth-616
• 3 appearance(s) in handbook(s) of Earth-616
• 229 minor appearance(s) of Earth-616
• 147 mention(s) of Earth-616
• 16 mention(s) in handbook(s) of Earth-616
• 163655 image(s) of Earth-616
• 32971 characters that originate from Earth-616
• 1940 teams that originate from Earth-616
• 1496 organizations that originate from Earth-616
• 6403 locations that originate from Earth-616
• 2392 items that originate from Earth-616
• 578 vehicles that originate from Earth-616
• 1029 races that originate from Earth-616

Links and References

For Alternate Earths, Dimensions, and Pocket Universes, see: Multiverse.

• Earth-616 at Wikipedia
• Marvel Universe at Wikipedia
• Multiverse (Marvel Comics) at Wikipedia
• List of events of the Marvel Universe at Wikipedia
• Features of the Marvel Universe at Wikipedia