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The LXV Legislature of the Congress of the Union (65th Congress) was a meeting of the legislative branch of Mexico, composed of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic. It convened on 1 September 2021, and ended on 31 August 2024, during the final three years of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador's presidency.
| 65th Congress LXV Legislatura | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
 | |||||
| Overview | |||||
| Legislative body | Congress of the Union | ||||
| Meeting place | Legislative Palace of San Lázaro (Deputies/General Congress) Edificio del Senado (Senate) | ||||
| Term | 1 September 2021 – 31 August 2024 | ||||
| Election | 6 June 2021 | ||||
| Senate of the Republic | |||||
 | |||||
| Members | 128 | ||||
| President | Ana Lilia Rivera | ||||
| Chamber of Deputies | |||||
 | |||||
| Members | 500 | ||||
| President | Marcela Guerra Castillo | ||||
The Chamber of Deputies was elected in the 2021 legislative election, in which Juntos Hacemos Historia, consisting of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena), the Labor Party (PT), and the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (PVEM), kept their majority but did not reach the two-thirds supermajority required to pass López Obrador's proposed constitutional reforms.[1] This legislature was notable for being the first where deputies were eligible for reelection,[2] with 129 out of the 500 seats being filled by returning deputies.[3]
Composition
editThese tables relate to the composition of the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies at the start of the LXV Legislature and present day and summarises the changes in party affilation that took place during the congress.
Senate
edit| Party | Senators | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start of Legislature |
End of Legislature |
Change | ||
 |
National Regeneration Movement | 61 | 57 |  4
|
 |
National Action Party | 25 | 19 | 6
|
 |
Institutional Revolutionary Party | 13 | 13 | 
|
 |
Citizens' Movement | 8 | 11 |  3
|
 |
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | 6 | 8 | 2
|
 |
Labor Party | 6 | 6 |
|
 |
Independents | 1 | 6 | 5
|
 |
Social Encounter Party | 4 | 4 |
|
 |
Party of the Democratic Revolution | 3 | 4 | 1
|
| Vacant | 1 | 0 | 1
| |
| Total | 127 | 128 | 1
| |
Chamber of Deputies
edit| Party | Deputies | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start of Legislature |
End of Legislature |
Change | ||
| |
National Regeneration Movement | 198 | 201 | 3
|
| |
National Action Party | 114 | 112 | 2
|
| |
Institutional Revolutionary Party | 71 | 68 | 3
|
| |
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | 43 | 39 | 4
|
| |
Labor Party | 37 | 34 | 3
|
| |
Citizens' Movement | 23 | 29 | 6
|
| |
Party of the Democratic Revolution | 14 | 12 | 2
|
| |
Independents | 0 | 5 | 5
|
| Total | 500 | 500 |
| |
Leadership
editSenate
editPresident of the Senate
edit| Year | Term | Portrait | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | September 1, 2021 – August 31, 2022 |
|
Olga Sánchez Cordero | National Regeneration Movement | |
| 2 | September 1, 2022 – August 31, 2023 |
|
Alejandro Armenta Mier | ||
| 3 | September 1, 2023 – August 31, 2024 |
|
Ana Lilia Rivera | ||
Parliamentary coordinators
edit| Party | Coordinator | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| |
National Action Party | Julen Rementería del Puerto[4] | since 2021 |
| |
Institutional Revolutionary Party | Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong[5] | 2021–2023 |
| Manuel Añorve Baños[6] | since 2023 | ||
| |
Party of the Democratic Revolution | Miguel Ángel Mancera[7] | since 2021 |
| |
Labor Party | Geovanna Bañuelos de la Torre | since 2021 |
| |
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | Raúl Bolaños Cacho Cué | since 2021 |
| |
Citizens' Movement | Dante Delgado Rannauro[8] | since 2021 |
| |
Social Encounter Party | Sasil de León Villard | since 2021 |
| |
National Regeneration Movement | Ricardo Monreal[9] | 2021–2023 |
| Eduardo Ramírez Aguilar[10] | 2023–2024 | ||
| Ricardo Monreal | since 2024 | ||
Chamber of Deputies
editPresident of the Chamber of Deputies
edit| Year | Term | Portrait | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | September 1, 2021 – August 31, 2022 |
|
Sergio Gutiérrez Luna | National Regeneration Movement | |
| 2 | September 1, 2022 – August 14, 2023 |
|
Santiago Creel | National Action Party | |
| 3 | September 1, 2023 – August 31, 2024 |
|
Marcela Guerra Castillo | Institutional Revolutionary Party | |
Parliamentary coordinators
edit| Party | Coordinator | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| |
National Action Party | Jorge Romero Herrera | since 2021 |
| |
Institutional Revolutionary Party | Rubén Moreira Valdez | since 2021 |
| |
Party of the Democratic Revolution | Luis Ángel Espinoza Cházaro | since 2021 |
| |
Labor Party | Alberto Anaya | since 2021 |
| |
Ecologist Green Party of Mexico | Carlos Alberto Puente Salas | since 2021 |
| |
Citizens' Movement | Jorge Máynez | since 2021 |
| |
National Regeneration Movement | Ignacio Mier Velazco | since 2021 |
Membership
editSenate
editElected by state
editIn the list, the first two senators represent those who won a majority in the state, with the first referring to the first formula and the second to the second formula. The third corresponds to the senator who secured a seat through first minority.
- ▌▌Martha Márquez Alvarado (PAN, then PT) (until March 5, 2022; June 8, 2022 – March 4, 2024; since June 4, 2024)
- ▌Adriana Guadalupe Jurado Valadez (PAN) (March 8, 2022 – June 8, 2022; March 6, 2024 – June 3, 2024)
- ▌Juan Antonio Martín del Campo (PAN)
- ▌Daniel Gutiérrez Castorena (MORENA)
- ▌▌Jaime Bonilla Valdez (MORENA, then PT) (March 28, 2022 – May 5, 2022; since August 10, 2022)[a]
- ▌ Gerardo Novelo Osuna (MORENA) (until March 25, 2022)
- Vacant (May 5, 2022 – August 10, 2022)
- ▌▌▌Alejandra León Gastélum (I, then MC, then MORENA)[b]
- ▌Gina Cruz Blackledge (PAN)
- ▌Ricardo Velázquez Meza (MORENA)
- ▌Lucía Trasviña Waldenrath (MORENA)
- ▌María Guadalupe Saldaña Cisneros (PAN) (until October 5, 2021; since November 8, 2021)
- ▌Audelia Esthela Villarreal Zavala (PAN) (October 5 – November 8, 2021)
- ▌Aníbal Ostoa Ortega (MORENA) (until September 15, 2021; since October 1, 2023)
- ▌ Arturo Moo Cahuich (MORENA) (September 15, 2021 – October 1, 2023)
- ▌▌Cecilia Margarita Sánchez García (MORENA, then PRI)[c]
- ▌Rocío Abreu Artiñano (MORENA)
- ▌Eduardo Ramírez Aguilar (MORENA) (until February 1, 2024)[d]
- ▌José Antonio Aguilar Castillejos (MORENA) (since February 1, 2024)[d]
- ▌Sasil de León Villard (PES)
- ▌Noé Castañón Ramírez (MC)
- ▌Bertha Caraveo Camarena (MORENA)
- ▌Cruz Pérez Cuéllar (MORENA) (until September 9, 2021)
- ▌ Rafael Espino de la Peña (MORENA) (since September 10, 2021)
- ▌▌Gustavo Madero Muñoz (PAN, then I)[e]
- ▌Armando Guadiana Tijerina (MORENA) (until December 31, 2022; June 12 – October 23, 2023)[f]
- ▌ Reyes Flores Hurtado (MORENA) (February 8 – June 12, 2023; since October 23, 2023)[f]
- ▌Eva Galaz Caletti (MORENA)
- ▌Verónica Martínez García (PRI)
- ▌Joel Padilla Peña (PT)
- ▌Gricelda Valencia de la Mora (MORENA)
- ▌Gabriela Benavides Cobos (PVEM)
- ▌César Cravioto Romero (MORENA)
- ▌Citlalli Hernández Mora (MORENA) (since April 18, 2022)
- ▌María Celeste Sánchez Sugía (MORENA) (until April 18, 2022)
- ▌▌Emilio Álvarez Icaza (I, then PRD)[g]
- ▌Alejandro González Yáñez (PT) (until March 2, 2022; since August 1, 2022)
- ▌ Miguel Ángel Lucero Olivas (PT) (March 2 – August 1, 2022)
- ▌Margarita Valdéz Martínez (MORENA)
- ▌José Ramón Enríquez Herrera (MORENA)
- ▌Alejandra Reynoso Sánchez (PAN)
- ▌Erandi Bermúdez Méndez (PAN)
- ▌Martha Lucía Mícher Camarena (MORENA)
- ▌Félix Salgado Macedonio (MORENA)
- ▌Nestora Salgado (MORENA)
- ▌Manuel Añorve Baños (PRI)
- ▌ María Merced González González (MORENA)
- ▌Julio Menchaca Salazar (MORENA) (until February 15, 2022)
- ▌ Navor Rojas Mancera (MORENA) (since February 15, 2022)
- ▌▌Nuvia Mayorga Delgado (PRI, then PVEM)[h]
- ▌Clemente Castañeda Hoeflich (MC)
- ▌Verónica Delgadillo García (MC) (until November 18, 2023)
- ▌ Ruth Alejandra López Hernández (MC) (since November 22, 2023)
- ▌▌María Antonia Cárdenas Mariscal (MORENA, then MC)[i]
- ▌Delfina Gómez Álvarez (MORENA) (September 7, 2022 – January 1, 2023)
- ▌ Martha Guerrero Sánchez (MORENA) (until September 6, 2022; January 1, 2023 – April 9, 2024; since June 3, 2024)
- Vacant (April 9, 2024 – June 3, 2024)
- ▌Higinio Martínez Miranda (MORENA) (until March 2, 2023; August 1 – September 16, 2023; since November 24, 2023)
- ▌ Ricardo Morena Bastida (MORENA) (March 3 – August 1, 2023; October 3 – November 24, 2023)
- ▌Juan Zepeda Hernández (MC) (until April 24, 2024; since June 3, 2024)
- ▌ Omar Obed Maceda Luna (PRD) (April 24 – June 3, 2024)
- ▌Blanca Estela Piña Gudiño (MORENA)
- ▌Cristóbal Arias Solís (MORENA)
- ▌Antonio García Conejo (PRD)
- ▌Lucía Meza Guzmán (PRI)
- ▌Sergio Pérez Flores (MORENA)
- ▌Ángel García Yáñez (PRI)
- ▌Cora Cecilia Pinedo Alonso (PT)
- ▌Rosa Elena Jiménez Arteaga (MORENA)
- ▌▌Gloria Elizabeth Núñez Sánchez (PAN, then MC)[j]
- ▌Luis David Ortiz Salinas (MC)
- ▌▌▌Indira Kempis Martínez (MC, then I, then PRI)[k]
- ▌Víctor Oswaldo Fuentes Solís (PAN)
- ▌Susana Harp (MORENA)
- ▌Salomón Jara Cruz (MORENA) (until December 16, 2021)
- ▌Adolfo Gómez Hernández (MORENA) (since December 16, 2021)
- ▌Raúl Bolaños Cacho Cué (PVEM)
- ▌Alejandro Armenta Mier (MORENA) (until March 1, 2024)
- ▌Jesús Encinas Meneses (I) (since March 1, 2024)[l]
- ▌▌▌▌Nancy de la Sierra Arámburo (PT, then I, then PRI, then I)[m]
- ▌▌Nadia Navarro Acevedo (PAN, then PRI)[n]
- ▌José Alfredo Botello Montes (PAN)
- ▌Guadalupe Murguía Gutiérrez (PAN) (until September 10, 2021)
- ▌Estrella Rojas Loreto (PAN) (since September 13, 2021)
- ▌Gilberto Herrera Ruiz (MORENA)
- ▌Marybel Villegas Canché (MORENA)
- ▌▌José Luis Pech Várguez (MORENA, then MC) (until March 5, 2022; since June 8, 2022)[o]
- ▌Rogelio Márquez Valdivia (MORENA) (March 8 – June 8, 2022)
- ▌Mayuli Martínez Simón (PAN)
- ▌Graciela Gaitán Díaz (PVEM)
- ▌▌Marco Antonio Gama Basarte (PAN, then MC)[p]
- ▌Primo Dothé Mata (MORENA)
- ▌Raúl de Jesús Elenes Angulo (MORENA)
- ▌Imelda Castro Castro (MORENA)
- ▌Mario Zamora Gastelum (PRI)
- ▌Lilly Téllez (PAN)
- ▌Arturo Bours Griffith (MORENA)
- ▌Sylvana Beltrones Sánchez (PRI)
- ▌Mónica Fernández Balboa (MORENA)
- ▌Ovidio Peralta Suárez (MORENA)
- ▌Juan Manuel Fócil Pérez (PRD)
- ▌Américo Villarreal Anaya (MORENA) (until January 2, 2022)
- ▌Faustino López Vargas (MORENA) (January 2, 2022 – October 8, 2022)
- ▌José Ramón Gómez Leal (MORENA) (March 7, 2023 – February 20, 2024)
- ▌Indira Paola López Carreto (MORENA) (since February 20, 2024)
- ▌María Guadalupe Covarrubias Cervantes (MORENA)
- ▌Ismael García Cabeza de Vaca (PAN)
- ▌Ana Lilia Rivera Rivera (MORENA)
- ▌José Antonio Álvarez Lima (MORENA)
- ▌Minerva Hernández Ramos (PAN)
- ▌Gloria Sánchez Hernández (MORENA)
- ▌Ernesto Pérez Astorga (MORENA)
- ▌Julen Rementería del Puerto (PAN)
- ▌▌Jorge Carlos Ramírez Marín (PRI, then PVEM)[q]
- ▌Verónica Camino Farjat (MORENA)
- ▌▌Raúl Paz Alonzo (PAN, then MORENA)[r]
- ▌Soledad Luévano Cantú (MORENA)
- ▌José Narro Céspedes (MORENA)
- ▌Claudia Anaya Mota (PRI)
Elected by proportional representation
edit- ▌Josefina Vázquez Mota (PAN)
- ▌Xóchitl Gálvez Ruiz (PAN) (until November 20, 2023; since June 4, 2024)
- ▌Laura Ballesteros Mancilla (MC) (November 22, 2023 – June 3, 2024)
- ▌Indira Rosales San Román (PAN)
- ▌Damián Zepeda Vidales (PAN)
- ▌Kenia López Rabadán (PAN) (until December 1, 2023; since February 5, 2024)
- ▌Yadhira Yvette Tamayo Herrera (PAN) (December 5, 2023 – February 5, 2024)
- ▌Roberto Moya Clemente (PAN)
- ▌▌Claudia Ruiz Massieu Salinas (PRI, then I)[s]
- ▌Carlos Humberto Aceves (PRI)
- ▌Nancy Guadalupe Sánchez Arredondo (MORENA)
- ▌▌Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong (PRI, then I)[t]
- ▌Beatriz Paredes Rangel (PRI)
- ▌▌Eruviel Ávila Villegas (PRI, then PVEM)[u]
- ▌Miguel Ángel Mancera (PRD)
- ▌▌Israel Zamora Guzmán (PVEM, then MORENA)[v]
- ▌Geovanna Bañuelos de la Torre (PT)
- ▌Alejandra Lagunes (PVEM)
- ▌Manuel Velasco Coello (PVEM)
- ▌Patricia Mercado (MC)
- ▌Dante Delgado Rannauro (MC)
- ▌Elvia Marcela Mora Arellano (PES)
- ▌Katya Elizabeth Ávila Vázquez (PES)
- ▌Eunice Renata Romo Molina (PES)
- ▌Antares Vázquez Alatorre (MORENA)
- ▌Héctor Vasconcelos (MORENA) (until December 14, 2023)
- Vacant (since December 14, 2023)
- ▌Olga Sánchez Cordero (MORENA)
- ▌Ricardo Monreal Ávila (MORENA)
- ▌Ifigenia Martínez (MORENA)
- ▌Napoleón Gómez Urrutia (MORENA)
- ▌▌Germán Martínez Cázares (MORENA, then I)[w]
- ▌Casimiro Méndez Ortiz (MORENA)
- ▌Gabriel García Hernández (MORENA)
- ▌▌Claudia Balderas Espinoza (MORENA, then PRI)[x]
Chamber of Deputies
editSingle-member districts
editProportional representation
edit
References
edit- ^ "Mexico elections: President's majority to shrink after crime-hit poll". 2021-06-07. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
- ^ Rosa, Yared de la (2021-04-04). "Por primera vez diputados podrán ser reelegidos; 141 diputados lo intentarán". Forbes México (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-19.
- ^ García, Carina (2021-06-10). "La Cámara de Diputados tendrá un 30% de diputados que alcanzaron la reelección". ADNPolítico (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-19.
- ^ "Julen Rementería es nombrado coordinador del PAN en el Senado". www.proceso.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- ^ "Eligen a Osorio Chong como coordinador del PRI en el Senado". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- ^ "Tras salida de Osorio Chong, Manuel Añorve es electo nuevo coordinador del PRI en el Senado". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- ^ "Tras salida de Osorio Chong, Manuel Añorve es electo nuevo coordinador del PRI en el Senado". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- ^ "Dante Delgado será el líder de MC en el Senado". Milenio. 2018-07-24. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- ^ "Perfilan a Ricardo Monreal como coordinador de senadores de Morena". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- ^ García, Carina (2023-06-14). "Senadores de Morena eligen a Eduardo Ramírez como líder en lugar de Monreal". ADNPolítico (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-20.
- ^ López Cruz, Antonio (21 February 2022). "Encuentran muerta a Celeste Sánchez, diputada federal del PT, en Durango". El Universal. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
- ^ Chamber of Deputies. "Gaceta parlamentaria Número 5883-VI. ACUERDO DE LA CAMARA DE DIPUTADOS DEL H.CONGRESO DE LA UNION POR EL QUE SE DECLARA VACANTE LA FÓRMULA DE DIPUTADOS ELECTOS A LA LXV LEGISLATURA DEL CONGRESO DE LA UNIÓN POR EL PRINCIPIO DE REPRESENTACIÓN PROPORCIONAL CORRESPONDIENTE A LA OCTAVA POSICIÓN DE LA LISTA DE LA SEGUNDA CIRCUNSCRIPCIÓN PLURINOMINAL, ASIGNADA AL PARTIDO POLÍTICO MORENA" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 October 2021.
Notes
edit- ^ In Baja California: Jaime Bonilla Valdez switched to the Labor Party on March 23, 2023.
- ^ In Baja California: Alejandra León Gastélum joined Citizens' Movement on September 23, 2022. She returned to Morena on April 26, 2024 after having left the party in 2021.
- ^ In Campeche: Cecilia Margarita Sánchez García switched to the Institutional Revolutionary Party on October 15, 2023
- ^ a b In Chiapas: Eduardo Ramírez Aguilar took a leave of absence to run in the 2024 Chiapas gubernatorial election. His alternate, José Antonio Aguilar Castillejos, took his place in the Senate.
- ^ In Chihuahua: Gustavo Madero Muñoz left the National Action Party's parliamentary group on September 28, 2021 in order to form Grupo Plural, a new parliamentary group.
- ^ a b In Coahuila: Armando Guadiana Tijerina took a leave of absence due to his declining health. His alternate, Reyes Flores Hurtado, took his place in the Senate. After Guadiana's death on December 26, 2023, Flores completed the remainder of the term.
- ^ In Mexico City: Emilio Álvarez Icaza joined the Party of the Democratic Revolution on April 16, 2024.
- ^ In Hidalgo: Nuvia Mayorga Delgado left the Institutional Revolutionary Party on July 1, 2023 and joined the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico on August 31, 2023.
- ^ In Jalisco: María Antonia Cárdenas Mariscal switched to Citizens' Movement on February 28, 2024.
- ^ In Nayarit: Gloria Elizabeth Núñez Sánchez left the National Action Party on April 27, 2022. She joined Citizens' Movement on July 5, 2022.
- ^ In Nuevo León: Indira Kempis Martínez left the Citizens' Movement parliamentary group on December 21, 2023. She remained as an independent until January 19, 2024, when she joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
- ^ In Puebla: Jesús Encinas Meneses, who had served as an alternate senator for Morena in 2019, became an independent the same day he returned to the Senate.
- ^ In Puebla: Nancy de la Sierra Arámburo became an independent on September 28, 2021 to form the Grupo Plural parliamentary group. She joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party on October 3, 2023, before switching back to independent on July 18, 2024 due to her disagreements with Alejandro Moreno's possible reelection as party president.
- ^ In Puebla: Nadia Navarro Acevedo switched to the Institutional Revolutionary Party on December 13, 2023.
- ^ In Quintana Roo: On returning from his leave, José Luis Pech Várguez switched to Citizens' Movement on June 8, 2022.
- ^ In San Luis Potosí: Marco Antonio Gama Basarte switched to Citizens' Movement on March 21, 2022.
- ^ In Yucatán: Jorge Carlos Ramírez Marín switched to the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico on September 27, 2023.
- ^ In Yucatán: Raúl Paz Alonzo switched to Morena on September 20, 2022.
- ^ Claudia Ruiz Massieu Salinas left the Institutional Revolutionary Party parliamentary group on July 1, 2023.
- ^ Miguel Ángel Osorio Chong left the Institutional Revolutionary Party parliamentary group on July 1, 2023.
- ^ Eruviel Ávila Villegas switched to the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico on January 24, 2024.
- ^ Israel Zamora Guzmán left the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico on February 22, 2024 and joined MORENA on March 6, 2024.
- ^ Germán Martínez Cázares left MORENA on November 3, 2021 to become an independent. That same day, he joined the Grupo Plural parliamentary group.
- ^ Claudia Balderas Espinoza switched to the Institutional Revolutionary Party on December 12, 2023.