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The first thing to note is that it may be easy to accept that there is a difference as well as a close relation between play and game. Play is mostly taken to be a free-form activity, whereas game is a rule-based activity. The problem is that this distinction is very dependent on the language used, and much confused by the fact that in French, Spanish, or German, neither jeux, juego, or Spiel has such a distinction.
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Q. What's the difference between 'leger' and 'spiller?'
A. Leger is generally an unorganized, unstructured, spontaneous game (such as kids might play in the yard) while spiller is the opposite: structured, planned, with rules (such as a board game, a video game, etc).
The same goes for the equivalent nouns en leg and et spil which both translate to a game. Notice that these are used in strict pairs to describe doing the activity:
Vi leger en leg, but
Vi spiller et spil, both of which mean we play a game.
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In English, this is also a bit muddled since âplayâ is both a noun and a verb (you play a game), whereas âgameâ is mostly a noun. In English, it is common to see games as subset of play. Scandinavian languages have a stronger distinction with leg = play and spil = game with verbs for both â you can play play(âlege en legâ) and game game (âspille et spilâ), so to speak. When writing about games in Danish, it is therefore not self-evident that games are a subset of play, whereas while writing about Spiel in German, it is not obvious that one should distinguish between games and play from the outset. This manifests itself with the English translations of writers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Roger Caillois who write in languages with no clear play/game distinctions.
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At the same time, even within the English language, our focus is not on the letter sequence g-a-m-e, since we probably consider big game hunting to be a slightly different thing. To clarify, the focus here is on the set of games that we can describe as rule-based games.
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