WACHEMO UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH
SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF SURGICAL NURSING
SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
APPENDICITIS
09/09/2023 BY 4th YEAR SURGICAL NURSING 1
GROUP MEMBER
Name Id No
1.FIROMSA MOSISA 1201382
2.FEVEN MELLO 6878767
3.DAWIT ABIYE 6558558
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APPENDICITIS
OUTLINE
Introduction
Definition
Epidemiology
Causes
Clinical features
Diagnosis
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CONT…
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Complications
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INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY OF GIT
The GIT tract is pathway (23-to-26 feet or 7-8 meter in
length) that extends from the mouth through the
esophagus, stomach and intestines to the anus.
It also includes organs that lie out side the digestive
tract i.e. pancreas, liver and gall bladder.
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CONT…
The large intestine: consists of
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
The terminal portion of the large intestine consists of
two parts
Sigmoid colon
Rectum - is continuous with the anus
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CONT…
Cecum: is found in junction between the small and
large intestine.
is located in the right lower portion of the abdomen.
The ileocecal valve is located at this junction.
The vermiform appendix is located near this junction.
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DEFINTION
Appendix is a small, finger like appendage about
10 cm long that is attached to the cecum just
below the ileocecal valve
has no definite function
the appendix fills with food and empties
regularly in to the cecum
Because it empties inefficiently and its lumen is
small, the appendix is prone to obstruction and
is particularly vulnerable to infection.
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CONT…
Appendicitis: It is an inflammation of the appendix.
Is the most common cause of acute inflammation in
the RLQ of abdominal cavity
Is the most common reason for emergency surgery.
People consume a diet low in fiber and high in
refined carbohydrates are more liable
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CONT…
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 5
and 40.
Appendicitis is one of the most frequent diagnoses for
emergency department visits resulting in
hospitalization among children ages 5– 17 years in the
United States
Adults presenting to the emergency department with
a known family history of appendicitis are more likely
to have this disease than those without.[
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
As a result of either becoming kinked or
occluded by a fecalith (hardened mass of
stool), tumor, or foreign body = the appendix
becomes inflamed and edematous.
The inflammation process increases
intraluminal pressure initiating a
progressively sever abdominal pain that
becomes localized in the RLQ of the
abdomen within a few hours.
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CONT…
Eventually, the inflamed appendix fills with pus and
then is likely to perforate.
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CAUSES
most commonly, calcified fecal deposits
foreign bodies
Trauma
lymphadenitis
Diet lower in fiber
Highly refined carbohydrate
Tumor
Gallstones
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
right lower quadrant pain and is usually accompanied
by a low-grade fever and nausea and vomiting
sometimes
Loss of appetite
Local tenderness noted in Mcburaey’s point. (Located
½ way b/n the umbilicus and the anterior spine of the
ileum)
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CONT…
If the appendix is has ruptured, the pain becomes
more diffuse.
Abdominal distention develops as a result of paralytic
ileus
Constipation can also occur
In general, laxative or cathartic should never be given
while the person has fever nausea or pain
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DIAGNOSIS
Patient hx
Lab studies particularly WBC count /elevated WBC
X-ray findings
Physical examination
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CONT…
Tests of appendicitis
Rovsing’s sign:Pain in right lower quadrant on pressing
in the left lower quadrant
Rebound tenderness
Psoas sign:Pain on extension of the right flexed hip
Obturator sign:Pain on passive internal or external
rotation of the flexed right hip.
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Intussusceptions
Mesenteric adenitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease (right salpingitis)
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Twisted ovarian cyst( torsion)
Ruptured ovarian follicle
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CONT…
Acute chlolecystitis
Perforated peptic ulcer disease
Renal or ureteric calculi
Urinary tract infection
Early small bowel obstruction (volvulus)
Gastroenteritis
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MANAGEMENT
• 1) Supportive treatment
Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalance and DHN.
Antibiotics
If surgery is undecided avoid analgesic
2) Surgery is indicated if appendicitis is diagnosed
/appendectomy/
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COMPLICATIONS
The major complication of appendicitis is perforation
of the appendix, which can lead to peritonitis or
abscess.
Incidence of perforation is 10-32%
It generally occurs 24hrs after the onset of pain.
Symptoms include a fever of 37.7oC or higher, and
continued abdominal pain or tenderness.
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PROGNOSIS
If you diagnosed and treated soon you can often heal
well
But if left untreated it may cause health issues can
even leads to death
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THE END
THANK YOU!
