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    Science and Technology in The Philippines

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    The document discusses the development of science and technology in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the present. It describes the contributions of early Filipinos, as well as the Spanish and Americans who introduced formal education, scientific institutions, and other advancements. The document also outlines government policies and programs related to science and technology in the Philippines.

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    Science and Technology in The Philippines

    Uploaded by

    Joy
    457 views42 pages
    The document discusses the development of science and technology in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the present. It describes the contributions of early Filipinos, as well as the Spanish and Americans who introduced formal education, scientific institutions, and other advancements. The document also outlines government policies and programs related to science and technology in the Philippines.

    Original Title

    01.1-History-of-ST-in-the-Philippines-_MRCP

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    The document discusses the development of science and technology in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the present. It describes the contributions of early Filipinos, as well as the Spanish and Americans who introduced formal education, scientific institutions, and other advancements. The document also outlines government policies and programs related to science and technology in the Philippines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    457 views42 pages

    Science and Technology in The Philippines

    Uploaded by

    Joy
    The document discusses the development of science and technology in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the present. It describes the contributions of early Filipinos, as well as the Spanish and Americans who introduced formal education, scientific institutions, and other advancements. The document also outlines government policies and programs related to science and technology in the Philippines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 42

    SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY

    in the PHILIPPINES
    Activity #2 (40 points)
    • Reading: A HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
    PHILIPPINES by Olivia C. Caoili
    Questions:
    1. Trace the development of science and technology from Pre-Colonial times up to
    the present and discuss how do these contributions help the Philippines in nation-
    building?
    a. Enumerate and describe development of science and technology of the Filipinos
    in Pre-colonial Period. (10 points)b. What are the major contributions of Spanish
    and Americans Colonization in the development of science, technology and science
    education in the Philippines? (10 points)
    2. Name at least 10 Filipino scientists and 10 Filipino inventors, and discuss their
    contribution help in Philippine nation-building. (20 points)
    Assignment #2 (50 points)
    Video: Prometheus Bound (The State of Science and Technology in the Philippines)
    Questions:
    1. Identify the problems faced by our country in the field of science and
    technology? (15 points)
    2. Enumerate government policy/programs of each administration in development
    of science, technology and science education. Discuss how do these contributions
    help the Philippines in nation-building? (35 points)
    a. Ferdinand Marcos e. Gloria Arroyo
    b. Corazon Aquino f. Benigno Aquino
    c. Fidel Ramos g. Rodrigo Duterte
    d. Joseph Estrada
    Topics
    • History of Science and Technology and Science Education in the
    Philippines
    • Major Development Programs in S&T in the Philippines
    • The Philippine Government S&T Agenda
    • Famous Filipino Scientist/Inventors and Selected Indigenous
    Science/Technologies
    Objective
    • Discuss the role of Science and Technology in Philippine nation
    building
    • Evaluate government policies pertaining to science and
    technology in terms of their contributions to nation building
    • Identify actual science and technology policies of the
    government and appraise their impact on the development of
    the Filipino nation
    The First Settlers in the Philippines
    • Archeological findings show that modern man from
    Asian mainland first came over land on across narrow
    channels to live in Batangas and Palawan about 48,000
    B.C.
    • Subsequently they formed settlement in Sulu, Davao,
    Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas, Laguna, Rizal,
    Bulacan and Cagayan.
    Pre-colonial Period: STONE AGE

    •They made simple tools and


    weapons of stone flakes and later
    developed method of sawing and
    polishing stones around 40,000 B.C.

    •By around 3,000 B.C. they


    were producing adzes
    ornaments of seashells and
    pottery.
    Pre-colonial Period: STONE AGE

    •Pottery flourished for the next


    2,000 years until they imported
    Chinese porcelain. What has
    survived of this ancient
    technology is the present
    manufacture of the ordinary
    cooking pot among several
    local communities.
    Pre-colonial Period: IRON AGE
    (3rd century B.C. to 11th century A.D.)

    •Filipinos learned to produce


    copper, bronze, iron, and gold
    metal  tools and ornaments.
    Pre-colonial Period: IRON AGE
    (3rd century B.C. to 11th century A.D.)

    • Filipinos werealso
    engaged in the
    extraction melting and
    refining of iron from
    ores until the
    importation of cast
    iron from Sarawak
    and later from China.
    Pre-colonial Period: IRON AGE
    (3rd century B.C. to 11th century A.D.)

    •They learned to weave cotton,


    make glass ornaments, and
    cultivate lowland rice and diked
    fields of terraced fields utilizing
    spring water in mountain regions.

    •The Banaue Rice Terraces are


    among the sophisticated products
    of engineering by pre-Spanish era
    Filipinos.
    Pre-colonial Period: IRON AGE
    (3rd century B.C. to 11th century A.D.)

    •They also learned to build boats for


    trading purposes.

    The Spaniards later utilized Filipino


    expertise in boat-building and
    seamanship to fight the raiding
    Dutch, Portuguese, Muslimsand the
    Chinese pirate Limahong as well as
    to build and man the galleons that
    sailed to Mexico.
    Pre-colonial Period: IRON AGE
    (3rd century B.C. to 11th century A.D.)

    Based on Spanish chronicles,


    refined plank built warships
    called caracoa suited for inter-
    island trade raids.
    Pre-colonial Period: IRON AGE
    (3rd century B.C. to 11th century A.D.)

    •Filipinos from the Butuan were trading


    with Champa (Vietnam) and those from
    Ma-I (Mindoro) with China as noted in
    Chinese records containing several
    references to the Philippines.

    Archaeological findings indicated that


    regular trade relations between the
    Philippines, China and Vietnam had been
    well established from the 10th century to the
    15th century A.D.
    Pre-colonial Period: IRON AGE
    (3rd century B.C. to 11th century A.D.)

    •The people of Ma-I and San-


    Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax,
    cotton, pearls, coconut heart
    mats, tortoise shell and medicinal
    betelnuts, yu-ta cloth (probably
    jute or ramie?) for Chinese
    porcelain, leads fishnets sinker,
    colored glass beads,iron pots, iron
    needles and tin.
    Pre-colonial Period

    •Filipinos were already


    engage in activities and
    practices related to
    science forming
    primitive or first wave
    technology. They were
    curative values of some
    plant on how to extract
    medicine from herbs.
    Pre-colonial Period

    •They had an alphabet, a


    system of writing, a method of
    counting and weights and
    measure.
    • They had no calendar but
    counted the years by the
    period of the moon and from
    one harvest to another.
    Pre-colonial Period

    •The Banaue Rice Terraces


    are among the sophisticated
    products of engineering by
    pre-Spanish era Filipinos.
    Spanish Colonial Period

    •Sanitation and more


    advanced methods of
    agriculture were
    taught to the natives.
    Spanish Colonial Period

     The Spanish introduced formal education and founded


    scientific institutions.
    •Early years of Spanish rule, Parish
    schools were established where religion,
    reading, writing, arithmetic and music
    were taught.

    •Colleges and universities in the


    archipelago including the University of
    Sto. Tomas were established.
    Spanish Colonial Period

     The Spanish introduced formal education and founded


    scientific institutions.
    •The Spanish also
    contributed to the
    field of
    engineering by
    constructing
    government
    buildings,
    churches, roads,
    bridges and forts.
    Spanish Colonial Period

     The Spanish introduced formal education and founded


    scientific institutions.

    •Study of medicine
    was given priority
    in the Spanish era, 
    especially in the
    later years.
    Spanish Colonial Period

     The Spanish introduced formal education and founded


    scientific institutions.
    •Biology is given focus.

    •Contributors to science in the archipelago during the 19th


    century were botanists, Fr. Ignacio Mercado., Dr. Trinidad Pardo
    de Tavera and Dr. Leon Ma Guerrero, chemist Anaclento del
    Rosario, and medicine scholars Dr. Manuel Guerrero, Dr, Jose
    Montes and Dr. Elrodario Mercado.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 16th Century

    Development of schools
    • Colegio de San Ildefonso-Cebu-1595
    • Colegio de San Ignacio-Manila-1595
    • Colegio De Nuestra Senora del Rosario- Manila-1597
    • Colegio De San Jose-Manila-1601

    Development of Hospitals
    • San Juan Lazaro Hospital - the oldest in the Far East was
    founded in 1578.
    Spanish Colonial Period

    •The Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine


    colonial economy.
    Spanish Colonial Period

    •The Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine colonial


    economy.

    •Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard colonial authorities due to
    the prospects of big profits. Hence, agriculture and industrial development on
    the other hand were relatively neglected.

    •The opening of the Suez Canal saw the influx of European visitors to
    the Spanish colony and some Filipinos were able to study in Europe
    influenced by the rapid development of scientific ideals brought about
    by the Age of Enlightenment.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 17th & 18th Century

    • Successive shipwrecks of and attacks of pirates on the galleons


    led to declining profits from the trade that led to economic
    depression in Manila during the later part of the 17th century.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 17th & 18th Century

    • The Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos Del  Pais de


    Filipinas founded by Governador Jose Basco  y Vargas in 1780
    encouraged research in agriculture  and industry. The society
    promoted cultivation of  indigo, cotton, cinnamon, and silk
    industry.

    • In 1789, Manila was opened to Asian shipping,  inaugurating


    an era of increase in export of rice,  hemp, tobacco, sugar, and
    indigo, and imports of  manufacturing goods.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 19th Century

    •In 1863 the colonial authorities


    issued a royal degree to reform
    the existing educational system.
    •In 1871 the school of medicine
    and pharmacy were opened in
    UST. After 15 years it granted the
    degree of Licenciado en Medicina
    to 62 graduates.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 19th Century

    •The licentiate degree equivalent to a


    Master degree was granted Bachelor’s
    degree in pharmacy to its 1st six graduates
    who included Leon Ma. Guerrero
    considered was the father of Philippine
    Pharmacy due to his works on Medicinal
    Plants of the Philippines.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 19th Century

    •There were no school for engineering but they offered nautical


    four year course for pilot of merchant marine that includes the
    subjects: Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Physics,
    Hydrography, Meteorology, Navigation and Pilotage.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 19th Century

    •Higher education was generally viewed with suspicion as


    encouraging rebellion among native Filipinos and thus only few
    daring students were able to undertake higher studies.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 19th Century

    •The expanded world trade and commerce in the later part of


    the 19th century led to the rapid development of Manila as
    cosmopolitan center.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 19th Century

    •  Modern amenities such as steam tramways, waterworks, 


    newspaper, electric lights, banking system were introduce  in 19th
    century.
    Spanish Colonial Period: 19th Century

    •Jesuits promoted
    meteorological
    studies founding
    Manila observatory
    at the Ateneo
    Municipal de Manila
    in 1865.
    American Period and Post-Commonwealth Era
    • On July 1, 1901 The
    Philippine Commission
    established the Bureau of
    Government Laboratories
    which was placed under the
    Department of Interior. The
    Bureau replaced the
    Laboratorio Municipal,
    which was established
    under the Spanish colonial
    era. The Bureau dealt with
    the study of tropical
    diseases and laboratory
    projects.
    American Period and Post-Commonwealth Era
    •On October 26, 1905, the Bureau of
    Government Laboratories was
    replaced by the Bureau of Science.

    •On December 8, 1933, the National


    Research Council of the Philippines
    was established. The Bureau of
    [2]

    Science became the primary


    research center of the Philippines
    until World War II.
    American Period and Post-Commonwealth Era
    •Science during this period was inclined towards agriculture,
    food processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy.

    •Not much focus was given on the development of industrial


    technology due to free trade policy with the United States
    which nurtured and economy geared towards agriculture and
    trade.
    American Period and Post-Commonwealth Era
    •In a report by the US Economic Survey to the Philippines in
    1950, there is a lack of basic information which were necessities
    to the country's industries, lack of support of experimental work
    and minimal budget for scientific research and low salaries of
    scientists employed by the government.

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