UNIT I: The Family

The stages of the family life cycle are:

Independence.
Coupling or marriage
Parenting: babies through adolescents.
Launching adult children.
Retirement or senior years.

Why is it important to understand the family life cycle?

Mastering the skills and milestones of each stage allows you to successfully move from one stage of development to the next. If
you don't master the skills, you may still move on to the next phase of the cycle, but you are more likely to have difficulty
with relationships  and future transitions. Family life cycle theory suggests that successful transitioning may also help to prevent
disease and emotional or stress-related disorders.
Whether you are a parent or child, brother or sister, bonded by blood or love, your experiences through the family life cycle will
affect who you are and who you become. The more you understand about the challenges of each stage of the cycle, the more
likely you are to successfully move on.
The Person’s Outlook in Life
As you gradually grow up into an adult, you start having mixed feelings about yourself, the people around
you and the events that make a typical teenager’s world. You need a sound outlook in life to face the daily
challenges.
Your outlook in life shows your attitude towards schoolwork, your choice of friends and activities which you
and your group enjoy, how you handle your allowance, your choice of clothes, and the way you relate to
people.
Your outlook in life starts taking shape in the family. As you grow older, you begin to adopt the thinking,
reasoning and reactions of your family which you apply in relating to others. Soon your outlook broadens
to include a remarkable teacher who influences you in making life better for yourself and for others. A
neighbour or a friend who has helped bring you closer to God should be thanked for the lifelong benefit.
The foregoing inputs will help make your life more meaningful in the years to come. Consider mistakes as
challenges for you to do better, rather than roadblocks that keep you from moving ahead. It is good to learn
from one’s own mistakes. It is a sign that you are learning to be an adult, and by looking back where you
have done wrong and taking note of how far you have progressed helps you keep improving all the time.
Factors that Influence One’s Outlook in Life
You may not know it, but you may have developed your outlook in life because of the
following circumstances:
1. In the Mother’s Womb
Recent studies have shown that a baby inside a mother’s womb does not only develop
physiologically but psychologically and emotionally as well. The mother’s feeling of love or
insecurity can be passed on to the unborn child. This explains why babies born from
unwanted pregnancies have a low birth weight which later leads to malnutrition and poor
performance in school. On the other hand, babies whose mothers talk or read to them have
normal birth weights, are healthy and do well in school when they grow up.
2. At Home
Our home is our first school where we learn the basic lessons in life such as love, respect,
obedience, cooperation and acceptance. We learn to see and appreciate the beauty of life.
A child who is often ridiculed tends to be shy and thinks he is not appreciated for what he
is and can do.
3. In School and Among Friends
Every child spends time learning in school. The school environment can influence his viewpoint of
life. Schools require standards of behaviour and learning to guide the child as he grows up and
develops into a grown-up individual.
His teachers and the circle of friends of a teenager wield much influence on his behaviour. He
starts comparing himself with his friends and wonders why his concept of life is different from
theirs. His parents teach him the value of studying hard to get good grades, but his friends tell him
that they also get good grades, not by studying but through cheating. The result may be the same
but the way of getting this is not. It is thus important for teachers to provide the needed guidance
which students must have.
4. Media and Communication
Television, movies, newspapers, magazines, radio and, more recently, video gaming, texting and
the internet provide information that educate and arouse public interest. If you want to know what
teenagers do with their time and allowance, visit the mall and you’ll find them inside video arcades,
internet shops or video bars. Teenagers would rather spend long hours with the internet, watching
videos or texting rather than studying or playing wholesome games. Parents, on the other hand,
should look into the interest of their children, because media can be powerful enough to affect their
life.
Goals and Goal Setting
Knowing what you want is not always easy, but setting specific goals can help you. If you want to excel in computers,
perform in the drama club and start your own fashion jewelry business at the same time, you have to make choices.
What you can do now is to set goals which you can easily achieve as you aspire to achieve more difficult goals.
Short-range Goals
A short-range goal is one that can be reached in a brief period of time such as talking to friend on the internet,
finishing your portfolio and trying a new recipe which you can do in a short period of time. Completion of a task is in
sight even when you have just started. There are many ways of working toward a short-range goal. Study the
example below.
Angela, Jericho and Noel are running for the position of Supreme Student Council president. They are campaigning
in the way that suits them. The issues they support reveal their main interests.
• Angela belongs to the honor class and enjoys dialogues or debates. As editor of the school paper, she looks for
background issues that can help students and hopes to discuss these with the whole assembly. In the meantime,
she shares her ideas through the articles she writes.
• Jericho is a Christian and thinks that Christian teachings should be part of the cocurricular activities of the
school. He calls on all Christian students to support him in this endeavor.
These youngsters have the short-range goal of winning the election, but each one sees the position from
different viewpoints, and uses various approaches to achieve his or her own goal.

Long-range Goals
Long-range goals relate to one’s desired work in the future. To keep up the effort of reaching a long-range
goal, one must see the importance of goals. Goals are easier to achieve if they are approached gradually.
Read the sample situation on the next page.
Joy’s long-range goal is to be a dental assistant. She knows that she needs to be good in math and science. To
achieve her long-range goal, she has the short-range goal of studying hard particularly in the two subjects.
Setting the Goal of Satisfying Family Relationships
You can also set goals for your own family which you can work on together. This helps build strong family
relationships because every member is involved. It also helps provide a good training ground for the younger
members of the family. It is best to be open to possibilities of change without losing sight of the original plan.
A long-range goal gives direction to your choice of a short-range goal, but it should not keep you from being
flexible. Remember that everything can be worked out if every member helps. Whatever your future will be,
the setting of short-range goals in order to reach long-range goals will help you and your family.
Desirable Filipino Family Values

Values are beliefs, ideals or practices considered important by

an individual which guides his decisions and his very life. The
Filipino home is the first school of life. It provides the
environment where family members learn universal truths,
cultural values and traditions essential to the development of a
responsible citizenry. Parents are the best examples of sound
values for the children to emulate such as getting along with
others, respectfulness, and love and concern for family
members.
There are values which are distinctly Filipino values, as follows:
1. Honor and Respect for God
From the time we were baptized, our lives have always been dedicated to God.
Important events in our lives such as birthdays, passing exams, anniversaries, job
promotions, and even recovering from an illness are always celebrated by going to church
for thanksgiving. At home, giving grace before meals is practiced as well as the recitation
of the rosary and prayers before going to bed and upon waking up. Not a minute passes by
when we do not acknowledge the blessings of God.
2. Honor and Respect for Parents and Elders
The practice of kissing the hands of elders or “pagmamano” dates back to the early
Spanish times when children kissed the hands of their parents and elders as a sign of
greeting, respect and obedience, to which parents reply by saying “May God bless you!”
We use “po” and “opo” when addressing or speaking to elders. We offer our seat
whenever older passengers board the bus or jeepney. We seek the advice of elders on
family matters. We look up to them as models after which our lives may be patterned.
3. The Value of Education
Remember the stories you heard about parents selling the carabao or their house in
order that they could send their children to college? All parents believe that education
is the only inheritance they can offer their children, something which Filipinos hold high
as their family goal. Wealth is not measured in terms of money but on the number of
professionals the family is able to educate. This accounts for the high literacy rate of
our country and the status of Filipinos as qualified contenders for jobs in this country
and abroad.
4. Strong Family Ties
Filipinos are bonded by strong family ties. See how Filipino family gathers when
someone leaves for abroad, when someone is sick or when a baby is born.
Grandparents, aunts, and uncles live with most families. They are our sources of
affection, comfort, loyalty and commitment. Hospitality is a distinct Filipino value. In
the spirit of sacrifice and generosity, Filipinos are willing to share whatever little they
have to accommodate a guest or a relative.
5. Debt of Gratitude (Utang na Loob)
We value any favor that has been extended to us no matter how small or
insignificant. In return, we express gratitude in various ways.
6. Word of Honor (Palabra de Honor)
Family honor is at stake when we “give our word,” and are willing to
sacrifice even to the disadvantage of our own family just to fulfill our
commitment.
Observance of family values fosters family solidarity and preserves the
legacy of the family. These values are passed on from generation to
generation and are the lifeblood of all families.
Recreational Activities for the Family
Recreation plays an important role in creating harmonious family relationships. A wise family sets aside the
time for wholesome and productive activities that can break daily routine. This can respond to the social
and physical needs of the family. Recreation gives time for the father and the mother to be their children’s
friend. It also allows teamwork and develops skills and strategies among members.
Identifying the Recreational Needs of the Family
Below are guidelines that can help the family identify the types of recreational activities most appropriate
for members to meet their physical and social needs:
Is the activity enjoyable to everyone?
Is it educational? Will family members learn something worthwhile?
Will it enhance harmonious relationships in the family?
Will it develop the physical well-being of the family members?
Organizing Recreational Activities for the Family
Parents can initiate the planning of the recreational activities of the family. Children can suggest and help
organize the activities which delegate responsibility and distribute the tasks among the members. This
alone can be a source of fun.
Indoor Activities
Friendly family competitions can be experienced in such games as chess, scrabble, word factory and game
of the generals among others, which can be learned by anyone. You can try watching videos or singing
your favorite songs alone. The simplest of all would be just to sit around and tell stories and exchange
jokes.
Outdoor Activities
Backyard basketball, table tennis or gardening, when done with the whole family can be wholesome
recreation. Seeing movies is a favorite Filipino pastime which families can share. Parents can supervise the
movies children want to see.
Out-of-town Activities
On long weekends or during vacations, the family can go adventure tripping in the provinces. They can visit
resorts for swimming or go on camping trips. These activities can be both free as well as educational.
Meeting Expected and Unexpected Events in the Home
No matter how well managed and organized a family is, chances are, there will be problems big
or small which needs the concern and attention of the family. Following are examples:

Change of Residence. When a family decides to move to a new address, instability arises. You
and your family have to make adjustments living in a new neighborhood and trying to get along
with the neighbors and the community.

The oneness of the family is upset whenever a loved one leaves to work abroad. The separation
of parents from their children, the responsibilities that will be borne on the shoulders on those
left behind, not to mention the management of family finances, become a different problem for
every family member.
Loss of Economic Support. When the breadwinner of the family gets sick, becomes disabled, loses his job or dies, the
rest of the family is affected. Meeting the family’s basic needs for food, shelter and clothing is a serious problem. The
education of the children is momentarily suspended. A plan for savings in the future is very much needed.

Natural Calamity. Typhoons, floods, earthquakes and fires are some of the catastrophes that can cause the loss of
lives and properties.
 
Overstaying of Visitors. Offering the comfort and safety of our homes to our relatives and friends is a Filipino
tradition. Everyone at home is willing to make little sacrifices such as giving up your beds in favor of the guests.
Giving up your time to take them around or just be with them as a sign of hospitality is good at first. But what if your
guest has already been staying for quite some time, the family needs to talk about this because it may soon become a
problem to the entire family.

Illness in the Family. Caring for someone sick at home is not an easy task. Every member of the family has to help in
the recovery of the patient. A patient needs a separate bed or room
to protect others from getting sick. The need of the patient for medicine, personal cleanliness, meals,
and changing of clothes has to be done for him or her.

Death in the Family. The death of either a father or mother in the family calls for much personal
adjustment for those who will fill in their shoes. The death of either parent will leave one with the task
of fulfilling unfinished tasks and responsibilities such as setting finances and support and care for the
children.

Death is inevitable, and often comes when least expected. Every member must learn to face reality
with perseverance, strength and deep faith in God. As the saying goes, “It ‘s God’s will, just remember
that God will never put you in a situation that you can’t handle.” By keeping a strong faith and calling
on Him through prayer, the problem you face will have an answer!