Chapter 16-

Museum and
Historical Shrines
Museums

Institution that takes care and

conserves collection of artifacts and
other objects of artistic, cultural,
historical or scientific importance
Latin word originally denotes place
or temple dedicated to the Muses
and set for study and art
World’s oldest museum- built by
Babylonian princess 2,500 years
ago and discovered in 1925 by
archeologist Leonard Wooley
The National Museum of the
Philippines
Pambansang Museo ng Pilipinas
Government institution and serve
as educational, scientific and
cultural institution that preserve
national collection featuring
ethnographic, anthropological,
archeological and visual artistry
Of the Philippines
Operates National Museum of
Fine Arts, National Museum of
Anthropology, National Museum
of Natural History and National
Planetarium, all located in
vicinity of Rizal Park
Museum vs Art
Gallery
Museum

Ownership- Public non-profit

Purpose- collect, preserve,
research, protect artifacts and
other objects and provide social
services and education
Collection- permanent collection
of artifacts and objects
Focus- most universal unless
specified the name itself
Accreditation- governed by
trustees and board of directors,
director and staff, rules of
accreditation by AAM in US
Funding- partially funded by
local, state and federal grants.
Solicited gifts and donations,
companies, admission to pay
Location- special place is
constructed for the purpose
Art Gallery

Ownership- private-owned
business
Purpose- to sell art
Collection- no permanent
collection
Focus- has specific artist focus
like contemporary arts, brand
Representing certain aesthetic
point of view
Accreditation- not governed by
rules set by AAM in US
Funding- funded by the sale of
art objects
Location- commercial places and
establishment where there is
better potential for sales of art
object
Other Museums in the
Philippines

Manila

1. Bahay Tsinoy- typical Chinese

house in the Philippines
2. Casa Manila- typical Spanish
colonial house in the Philippines
3. San Agustin Museum- church
museum with wide collection of
Catholic religious items
4. National Museum of the
Philippines- showcase Philippine
arts
5. Malacañang Museum- inside
Presidential Palace complex
6. Metropolitan Museum of Manila-
contemporary arts
7. Museum of Contemporary Arts
and Design- Contemporary Filipino
Arts
The Museum- Contemporary
Filipino Arts
UST Museum- oldest museum in
the Philippines, permanent
display of natural history
specimens, coins, medals,
memorabilia, ethnographic
materials, oriental art objects
Museo Pambata- museum for
children
Pasay

CCP Museo ng Kalinangang Pilipino

and Asian Traditional Musical
Instruments- museum for
performing arts
GSIS Museo ng Sining- museum of
Filipino arts
Makati

Ayala Museum- museum of Filipino

arts
Yuchengco Museum- museum of
Filipino and Filipino-Chinese Arts
Pasig

Lopez Memorial Museum- museum

of Filipino Contemporary Arts
Quezon City

Ateneo Art Gallery- museum of

Filipino Contemporary Arts
Jorge B. Vargas Museum and
Filipiniana Research Center- only
museum in the Philippines with
wide range of Philippine Arts
from 1880-1960
Taguig

Mind Museum- science museum

Cebu

Paulina Constancia Museum of

Naïve Art (MoNA)- Museum of
Naïve Art, Poetry, Sustainability
Aurora

Baler Museum- Museum of Naïve

Art and culture
Nueva Ecija

Provincial Capitol Museum- Nueva

Ecijano’s arts and culture
Fred’s Art Gallery- Nueva
Ecijano’s artist
Benguet

BenCab Museum- BenCab arts

Historical Landmarks and
UNESCO Sites
UNESCO- United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization- designated 6 World
Heritage Sites in the Philippines
UNESCO World Heritage Sites-
places of cultural and natural
importance
Cultural (3)
1. Baroque Churches of the
Philippines (1993)
2. Historic City of Vigan (1999)
3. Rice Terraces of the Philippine
Cordilleras (1995)
Natural (3)
4. Mount Hamiguitan Range
Wilflife Sanctuary (2014)
2. Puerto-Princesa Subterranean
River National Park (1999)
3. Tubbataha Reefs National Park
(1993, 2009)
Cultural Sites

1. Baroque Churches of the

Philippines (1993)- located in
Manila, Sta. Maria, Paoay, Miag-ao;
unique architectural style is
reinterpretation of European
Baroque by Chinese and Philippine
craftsmen
2. Historic City of Vigan (1999)-
best preserve example of Spanish
colonial town in Asia.
3. Rice Terraces of the Philippine
Cordilleras (1995)- for 2,000 years,
high rice fields of Ifugao followed
contours of mountain. Fruit of
knowledge, sacred tradition, social
balance create a landscape of
beauty that express harmony
between human and environment
Natural Sites

1. Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River

National Park (1999)- spectacular
limestone karst landscape with
underground river directly to the sea
and lower portion subjected to tidal
influence, habitat for biodiversity
conservation
2. Tubbataha Reefs National Park
(1993, 2009)- 130,028 ha including
North and South reefs. Example of
atoll reef with high density of
marine species; North Islet serve
as nesting site for birds and
marine turtles; example of pristine
coral reefs with 100 perpendicular
wall, extensive lagoons and two
coral islands
3. Mount Hamiguitan Range
Wildlife Sanctuary (2014)-
mountain ridge running north-
south along Pujada Peninsula in
South Eastern Mindanao
Biodiversity Corridor, elevation of
75-1,637 above sea level and a
habitat for plants and animal
species
Tentative List of Cultural
Sites

1. Tabon Cave Complex and all of

Lipuun (2006)
2. Paleolithic Archeological Sites in
Cagayan Valley (2006)
3. Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves
(2006)
4. Butuan Archeological Sites (2006)
5. Baroque Churches of the
Philippines (Extension) (2006)
6. Petroglyphs and Petrographs of
the Philippines (2006)
7. Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in
Lal-lo and Gattaran municipalities
(2006)
Natural Sites

8. Batanes Protected landscape

and seascapes (1993)
9. Chocolate Hills Natural
Monument (2006)
10. Mount Malindang Range
Natural Park (2006)
11. Mt. Pulag National park (2006)
12. Apo Reef Natural Park (2006)
13. El Nido- Taytay Managed
Resource Protected Area (2006)
14. Coron Island Natural Biotic
Area (2006)
15. Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park
( 2006)
16. Northern Sierra Madre Natural
Park and outlying areas inclusive of
the butter zone (2006)
17. Mt. Mantalingahan Protected
Landscape (2015)
18. Mayon Volcano Natural Park
(MMVNP) (2015)
19. Turtle Island Wildlife Sanctuary
(2015)
Cultural Sites
1. Tabon Cave Complex and all of
Lipuun (2006)- west coast of
Palawan; limestone promontory
visible from any direction;
honeycombed with at least 200
caves and rockshelters; marked as
Abion Head
2. Paleolithic Archeological Sites in
Cagayan Valley (2006)- located in
Cagayan Valley Basin bordered by
Sierra Mountain on east, Caraballo
on south, Cordillera Central on
west, Babuyan Channel on north;
found on two municipalities of
Solana and Penablanca; earliest
stone tools and remains of extinct
animals
3. Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves
(2006)-
Kabayan is one of municipalities in
Benguet recognized as center of
Ibaloi culture
Ibaloi- dominant ethno-linguistic
group of Kabayan have long
traditional practice of
mummifying their dead
More than 200 man-made burial
Caves had been identified and 15
contained preserved human
mummies
4. Butuan Archeological Sites
(2006)- discovered in 1975; dated
back to Age of Contact with Great
Traditions of Asia, co-equal with
Yueh type of Ming Dynasty in China
from 10th-16th century AD; remains
of large open-water-going boats,
the balanghai of historical records;
boats from 10th-13th century
5. Baroque Churches of the
Philippines (Extension) (2006)
A. Church complex of Patrocinio
de Maria, Boljo-on (Cebu)-
 Built by Augustinian friars in 18th
century
Church and convents has clay
roof tiles
Complex- fortress church with
block houses at front left side
Serve as watch tower, school at
left rear side built on 1940, wall
ruins, 18th century cemetery;
church walls is made of coral
stone, pipe organ is installed in
19th century
B. Church of La Inmaculada
Concepcion, Guiuan, Samar- built
by Jesuit missionaries in 18th
century; later taken by Farnciscan
Friars
Fortress- church complex
Seashells- décor of church
interior
Walls- made of coral stone
Has original front door, retablos,
statues
C. Church complex of San Pedro
Apostol (Loboc, Bohol)
Composed of church structure,
three-storey convent, bell tower,
mortuary chapel
Every window has cherub design
Interior has 18th-19th century
retablos
19th century pipe organ

D. Church complex of San Isidro

Labrador ( Lazi, Siquijor)
Has two pulpits, original retablos,
wood floors with
Herringbone pattern
Façade- coral stone

E. Church of San Mattias

(Tumauini, Isabela)
Church walls- made of brick
Façade and church interior-
ornamented brick
6. Petroglyphs and Petrographs of
the Philippines (2006
 Petroglyphs- animate figures
interpreted as representing
juveniles or infants on rock face
in rock shelter
Shelter- located southeast of
Manila, 3 km. from Angono and
235 meters above sea level
Cave formed close of Pleistocene,
Early part of Holocene at period
where quaternary alluvium was
not extensive
7. Neolithic Shell Midden Sites in
Lal-lo and Gattaran municipalities
(2006)
Banks of Cagayan River in
Municipalities of Lal-lo and
Gattaran, 500 km north of Manila
Shell middens- mostly made of
one type of freshwater clams,
Batissa children
Magapit and Bangag in Lal-lo-
biggest deposit of shell
Natural Sites

8. Batanes Protected landscape and

seascapes (1993)
Batanes group of island- terrestrial,
wetland, marine ecosystem, 10
small island bounded by Eashi
Channel on north, Pacific Ocean on
east, South China Sea on west,
Balintang Channel on south
Last remaining Philippine area
with unique natural
physiographic features (wave-cut
cliffs, cave-like outcrops,
secluded white sand beach)
9. Chocolate Hills Natural
Monument (2006)
100-500 m above sea level
3rd National Geological
Monument on June 18, 1988
Located in Carmen, Batuan,
Sagbayan
10. Mount Malindang Range Natural
Park (2006)
600-2,404 m above sea level
33,000 hectares- still cover with
forest vegetation
20,000 hectares- cultivated and
inhabited by Subanen Tribe
Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga
jefferyi), tarsier ( Tarsius
philippinensis)
11. Mt. Pulag National park (2006)
North and south of Grand
Cordillera Central from
Pasaleng, Ilocos Norte to
Cordillera Provinces
Rugged, steep to very steep
slopes at mountainside
Highest peak in Luzon
Second highest mountain in the
Philippines
12. Apo Reef Natural Park (2006)
Apo reef- second largest
contiguous coral reef in the
world and largest in the
Philippines, largest among 3
island
Has three islands
Has shallow lagoon with
mangrove forest serve as source
of food
13. El Nido- Taytay Managed
Resource Protected Area (2006)
Northwest of mainland Palawan
36,000 hectares of land and
54,000 hectares of marine
waters
Home to 5 species of mammals
like Malayan Pangolin and 16
bird species endemic like
Palawan Peacock Pheasant,
Palawan Hornbill, Palawan Scops
Owl
Bacuit Bay- home to dugong,
dolphins, marine turtle
14.Coron Island Natural Biotic Area
(2006)
Rugged topography, mountainous,
step rock, ravines
70%- made of rocky cliffs
25%- rolling hills
5%- relatively flat
18%- occupied by Tagbanua
Karst formation- swiftlets dwell
And build their nest
Vertical limestone up to 600 m
above sea level
8 brackish lake and 3 smaller
ones that have underground sea
connections
15. Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park
( 2006)
Habitat of endemic Tamaraw
(Bubalus mindorensis)
Game refuge and bird
sanctuary)
Home of Phil. Deer, Wild Pig,
Mindoro Cloud Rat, Mindoro
Imperial Pigeon, Mindoro Scops
Owl, black-hooped Coucal
16. Northern Sierra Madre Natural
Park and outlying areas inclusive
of the butter zone (2006)
Home of Philippine Eagle,
Golden Crowned Flying Fox,
Philippine Eagle Owl, Isabela
Oriole, Green Sea Turtle,
Loggerhead Turtle, Hawksbill
Turtle, Philippine Crocodile,
dugong
17. Mt. Mantalingahan Protected
Landscape (2015)
Man and Biosphere Reserve in
southern Palawan
Protected are by Presidential
Proclamation 1815 signed on
June 23, 2009
Considered scared by indigenous
Palawan people
18. Mayon Volcano Natural Park
(MMVNP) (2015)
2,462 meters above sea level
Perfectly conical shape
Most active volcano in the
Philippines, one of the most active
in the world
Erupted 51 times in the past four
centuries
Most destructive eruption is in 1814
when 5 towns were destroy
19. Turtle Island Wildlife
Sanctuary (2015)
Part of Sulu Archipelago, 1000
km southwest of Manila
400 islands
298.27 hectares- land portion of
the Sanctuary