7

Science
QUARTER 4 – MODULE 5:
SEASONS
I. TITLE: SEASONS

After your encounter with this module, you are expected to:
• Content Standard: The relationship of the seasons and the position of the sun in the sky.
• Performance Standard: Analyze the advantage of the location of the Philippines in relation to
the climate, weather, and seasons.
• Most Essential Learning Competency: Using models, relate:
1. The tilt of the Earth to the length of daytime.
2. The length of daytime to the amount of energy received.
3. The position of the Earth in its orbit to the height of the sun in the sky.
4. The height of the sun in the sky to the amount of energy received.
5. The latitude of an area to the amount of energy the area receives.
6. Tilt of the Earth and the seasons.

II. CONCEPT NOTES:

Seasons refers to the effect of the Earth’s revolution around the sun.
There are two seasons in the Philippines: Rainy seasons from June to November, and the Dry
seasons from December to May. The dry season is further subdivided into cool dry and hot dry
season.
Earth's tilted axis causes the seasons. Throughout the year, different parts of Earth receive the
Sun's most direct rays. So, when the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's summer in the Northern
Hemisphere. And when the South Pole tilts toward the Sun, it's winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

In Figure 1, the North pole (Northern Hemisphere) is tilted toward the sun in the month of June.
In Figure 1, the North pole (Northern Hemisphere) is tilted away from the sun in the month of
December.
Figure 2 shows in the month of June, the Northern Hemisphere receives direct rays from the
sun (This is the reason why it is warm during this time in the Northern Hemisphere. Actually, from
April to August, different countries just north of the equator will receive direct rays and experience
summer.)

Figure 3 shows in the month of December, the Southern Hemisphere receives direct rays from
the Sun. (Therefore, it will be summer in the Southern Hemisphere in December. That is strange to
hear for people like us who live in the Northern Hemisphere. Since the Northern Hemisphere will not
receive direct rays, it will become cold and winter will fall.)
The warm season is brought on by the direct rays of the sun but since the earth is tilted at 23.5
degrees, only one hemisphere receives direct rays at any one time and that hemisphere will
experience summer at that time. Since the Earth goes around the sun, there will come a time when
the other hemisphere will receive the sun’s direct rays and that hemisphere will experience summer
at that time. When one hemisphere of the Earth is experiencing summer, the other hemisphere
experiences winter. We do not experience winter in the Philippines because we are too near the
equator.
Sometimes it is the North Pole tilting toward the sun (around June) and sometimes it
is the South Pole tilting toward the sun (around December).
It is summer in June in the Northern Hemisphere because the sun's rays hit that part
of Earth more directly than at any other time of the year. It is winter in December in the
Northern Hemisphere, because that is when it is the South Pole's turn to be tilted toward
the sun.

Which part of the Earth receives the direct rays of the sun in December? As you can see in
Figure 3, It is the south pole that is tilted towards the sun. This time the sun’s direct rays will fall on
the southern hemisphere. It will then be summer in the southern hemisphere. Thus, when it is cold in
the northern hemisphere, it is warm in the southern hemisphere. After another six months, in June of
the following year, the Earth will have made one full trip around the sun. The sun’s direct rays will fall
on the northern hemisphere once more. It will be warm in the northern hemisphere and cold in
southern hemisphere all over again. Thus, the seasons change because the direct rays of the sun
shift from one hemisphere to the other as the earth goes around the sun.
Now you know one of the reasons why the seasons change. Sometimes the sun’s direct rays
fall on the northern hemisphere and sometimes they fall on the southern hemisphere. And that is
because the earth is tilted and it goes around the sun. There is another reason why the seasons
change and that is the length of daytime and nighttime. Study the table below.

The table shows the time of sunrise and sunset on one day of each month. From January to
December, the time of sunrise changes from being late (6:25 AM), then becoming earlier (5:27 AM),
then becoming late again (6:16 AM).
From January to December, the time of sunset changes from being early (5:50 PM), then
becoming late (6:28 PM), then becoming early again (5:32 PM).
The sun rose earlier on June 22, 2011and sets later on December 22, 2011. This means that
daytime was longest on June 22, 2011 and shortest on December 22, 2011.
You know that there are 24 hours in a day. You probably think that daytime and nighttime are
always equal. But you can infer from the Table 1 above that the length of daytime changes from
month to month. When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, daytime will be longer than nighttime
in the Northern Hemisphere.
What happens when daytime is longer than nighttime? The time of heating up during the day
will be longer than the time of cooling down at night. The Northern Hemisphere steadily warms up
and the result is summer. At the same time, in the Southern Hemisphere, the opposite is happening.
Nights are longer than daytime. It is winter there.
But when the Earth has moved farther along its orbit, the North Pole will then be tilted away
from the Sun. Nighttime will then be longer than daytime in the Northern Hemisphere. There would be
a shorter time for heating up and longer time to cool down. The result is winter in the Northern
Hemisphere. In tropical Philippines, it is the cold season. Meanwhile, it will be summer in the
Southern Hemisphere.
At this point, you should now be able to explain why the seasons change. Your explanation
should include the following things; The tilt of the earth, Its revolution around the sun, the direct rays
of the sun, and the length of daytime. There are other factors that affects the seasons but these are
the most important.

III. LEARNING TASK

A. Learning Task 1-Multiple choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Earth’s seasons are caused by which of the following?

A. The varying amount of sunspot activity
B. The rotation of the earth during a 24-hour day
C. The earth’s orbit about the Sun as an ellipse rather than a circle
D. The tilt of the Earth’s axis of rotation relative to the ecliptic as Earth revolves around the Sun
2. What effect does the tilting of the earth have?
A. When the Earth is tilted away from the sun we have day.
B. When the Earth is tilted away from the sun we have night.
C. It changes the angle that the Sun trikes the Earth in different land areas.
D. It causes the Earth to be farther away from the Sun at different times of the year.
3. When it is summer in southern hemisphere, which of the following best describes the tilting of the
Earth in the northern hemisphere?
A. Towards the Sun
B. Away from the Sun
C. Towards or away from the Sun
D. Neither toward or away from the moon
4. Which part of the earth experiences summer in December and colder in June?
A. Northern hemisphere since Sun is tilted towards it on June and December.
B. Northern hemisphere because it receives direct rays from the Sun in December and lesser
in June.
C. Southern hemisphere because it receives direct rays from the Sun in December and lesser
solar energy in June.
5. What do direct “rays mean”?
A. The rays of the sun hit the ground at 30 degrees.
B. The rays of the Sun hit the ground at 60 degrees.
C. The rays of the sun hit the ground at 90 degrees.
D. The rays of the sun hit the ground at 1200 degrees.
B. Learning Task 2
Identification. Choose your answer from the words inside the box. Write your asnwers on the
space provided.
Seasons 24 hours Rainy June
December Direct rays Winter Summer
______________1. It refers to the effect of the Earth’s revolution around the sun.
______________2. The month which the North pole is tilted toward the sun.
______________3. The month which the North pole is tilted away from the sun.
______________4. The month which the South pole is tilted toward the sun.
______________5. The month which the South pole is tilted away from the sun.
______________6. Means that the rays of the sun hit the ground at 90 degrees.
______________7. Number of hours in a day
______________ 8. Season in the Philippines from December to May.
______________ 9. Season in the Northern hemisphere in the month of December.
______________10. Season in the Northern hemisphere in the month of June.

C. Learning Task 3

Completion type: Write the word or words on the line that complete the statement.

1. The season in the Philippines from June to November is ____________.

2. The earth is tilted by _______________ degrees.
3. In June the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun and the season is _________.
4. In June the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and the season is _________.
5. In December the Northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and the season is
______.
6. In December the Southern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun and the season is ______.
7- 10. The reasons why the seasons change is the following; _________, __________,
___________, ___________.
11-14. There are four season in the Northern and Southern temperate regions and these are
the ______________, _________________, ________________, ______________.
15. The season in the Philippines from December to May is ____________.

IV. REFLECTION
Instruction: Complete the statement:

I have learned that _________________________________________________________

V. REFERENCES
Science 7 Learner’s Material. (DepEd. BLR) DepEd Complex, Pasig City, Phils.
Teresita F. Religioso (et. al), 2017. You and the Natural World (The New Grade 7 Second Edition)
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/seasons/en/

VI. ANSWER KEY

Compiled by: MARIA TERESA J. MAQUILAN & JESSICA G. TRASMIL

Science 7-Teacher Science 7-Teacher
Pusok National High School

Editor: PROCELIE B. BUANGHUG

Master Teacher I-Science