Department of Education

National Capital Region

7 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE

MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 4 -Module 5
Earth’s Seasons

Maria Alma D. Feliña

Jemwel Dela Paz

City of Good Character 0

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Need to Know
This module was developed and written to deepen your knowledge of the
occurrence of the four seasons. It was designed to help you understand the relationship
between the position of the Earth and the amount of energy that it receives from the Sun.
In this module, you are also required to construct an improvised Sun-Earth-Moon model
to demonstrate the positions of the Earth at different seasons as it revolves around the
Sun.
The module consists of two lessons entitled:
Lesson 1: The Earth’s Tilt and Position
Lesson 2: The Four Seasons

After going through this module, you are expected to use models to relate:
the tilt of the Earth to the length of daytime;
the length of daytime to the amount of energy received;
the position of the Earth in its orbit to the height of the Sun in the sky;
the height of the Sun in the sky to the amount of energy received;
the latitude of an area to the amount of energy received; and
tilt of the Earth and the seasons. (S7ES-IVh-9)

Specifically, you are expected to:

 describe the movement of the Earth with respect to the Sun using a Sun-
Earth-Moon model;
 demonstrate the position of the Earth relative to the Sun using a Sun-Moon-
Earth model;
 illustrate the position of Sun and Earth at different seasons of the year; and
 explain the causes of seasons.

What I Know

Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following affects the length of daytime and nighttime in a place?
A. The tilt of the Earth’s axis C. The revolution of the Earth
B. The rotation of the Earth D. The revolution of the moon

2. Which month has longer nighttime than daytime in the Southern hemisphere?
A. February B. December C. June D. September

City of Good Character 1

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Refer to the figure below to answer the questions in numbers 3-5.

3. Based on the figure, which part of the Earth receives a great amount of heat energy
from the Sun?
A. North pole C. Northern hemisphere
B. South pole D. Southern hemisphere

4. What can you infer about the position of the Earth as shown in the figure?
A. The length of daytime and nighttime are equal in both hemispheres.
B. The northern hemisphere will experience summer and longer daytime.
C. The northern and southern hemispheres will both experience summer.
D. The southern hemisphere will experience summer and shorter nighttime.

5. Which month has shorter daytime than nighttime in the Northern hemisphere?
A. April B. December C. June D. March

6. Why do seasons change?

A. The distance of the Earth with respect to the Moon and Sun.
B. Seasons are caused by the Earth’s and Moon’s Magnetic field.
C. The speed of rotation and revolution of the Earth on its axis and around the Sun.
D. It is caused by the inclination of the Earth on its axis and its revolution around the Sun.

7. This is the year’s hottest months where average temperature is around 320C to 400C.
A. Fall B. Spring C. Summer D. Winter

8. Earth’s seasons are caused by which of the following?

A. The varying amount of sun’s spot activity.
B. The rotation of the Earth during a 24-hour day.
C. The Earth’s orbit about the Sun as an ellipse rather than a circle.
D. The tilt of the Earth’s axis of rotation is relative to the path as Earth revolves around
the Sun.

9. This is the year’s coldest months where temperature average is around 100C to 150C.
Trees are bare and some animals enter a deep sleep called hibernation.
A. Fall B. Spring C. Summer D. Winter

10. If the northern hemisphere experiences summer season, what is the season in the
southern hemisphere?
A. Fall B. Spring C. Summer D. Winter

City of Good Character 2

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Lesson
1 The Earth’s Tilt and Position

What’s In
Identify the type of breeze shown in each diagram and determine the direction of
the wind. Write your answers in the table provided below.

Picture Type of Breeze Movement

(Choices: (Choices:
Land breeze; From the sea to the land;
Sea breeze) From the land to the sea)
A
B

What’s New
The Earth spins around its axis as it moves around the Sun. This spinning motion
causes the occurrence of day and night. Without it, the day and night cycle in the
different parts of the world would not exist. The length of day and night in a particular
area depends on several factors such as location relative to the latitude and the position
of the earth as it moves around the sun. Its period of revolution is 365 ¼ days

City of Good Character 3

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Word Puzzle: Find out the terms associated with the motions of the Earth by answering
the word puzzle below. Analyze each picture and write the missing letters inside each box
to complete the term that best describes the picture.

R _ T _ T _O _ I_C_I_A_I_N R _ V_ L _T _ O _

What Is It

The Earth rotates around an imaginary line known as the axis for approximately
24 hours. Although it rotates for 24 hours, the length of daylight and night varies. It is
not exactly 12 hours daylight and 12 hours of night. The inclination or tilt of the Earth’s
axis and the latitude location affect the duration of daytime. Unlike other planets which
have perpendicular axes, the Earth’s axis is inclined or tilted 23.5 0 relative to its orbit. Its
axial position does not only affect the length of the day in a particular place but also the
occurrence of seasons and the amount of direct heat energy that it receives from the Sun,
known as insolation. The part of the hemisphere that is facing directly toward the Sun
experiences longer daylight and receives a greater amount of heat energy than the part
that is facing away from the Sun. This variation of daylight and seasons reverses in the
two hemispheres at a particular month as the Earth revolves around the Sun. The axial
tilt of the Earth does not change as it revolves around the Sun. It is directed to the North
star called Polaris. Only the part that is facing either toward or away from the Sun
changes at certain positions as the Earth travels in its orbit.

City of Good Character 4

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Northern
hemisphere

Southern
hemisphere

Figure 1. The Tilt of The Earth

Figure 1 presents the position of the Earth in which the North pole is tilted away
from the Sun, thus exposing the Southern hemisphere to direct sunlight. At this point,
the length of daytime in the Southern hemisphere is longer than in the Northern
Hemisphere. Furthermore, the Southern hemisphere receives a high density of incident
rays from the Sun and experiences the summer season. On the other hand, the Northern
hemisphere receives less density of incident rays from the Sun and experiences the winter
season. The change in the length of days is slight near the equator and great in the
temperate zone and the polar zone where the four seasons happen.

Figure 2. Solar Insolation

The angle of incident rays from the Sun and the surface area on the ground that
receives them are presented in Figure 2. At 90 0, the incident rays hit a 1-meter surface
area as shown in the figure. At 450, more surface area is covered by 40 %. The amount of
insolation or heat energy from the Sun, however, is different in the two situations
presented. It is greater when the sun’s rays heat the ground directly at 90 0 than indirectly
at 450. The amount of heat energy is higher when the incident rays hit directly over a
small surface area than over a large surface area that receives indirect heat.

City of Good Character 5

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What’s More

Analyze the data of sunrise, sunset, and day length presented in Table 1. Observe
the length of the day every month and answer the guide questions presented below the
data table.
Table 1. The Length of Days in Manila on Selected Days of 2020

Day Sunrise Sunset Day length

Jan. 20,2020 6:25 AM 17:48 PM 11h 23 min
Feb. 20,2020 6:18 AM 18:01 PM 11h 43 min
Mar. 20,2020 6:06 AM 18:06 PM 12 h 06 min
Apr. 20,2020 5 39 AM 18: 10 PM 12 h 31 min
May 20, 2020 5:27 AM 18 :18 PM 12 h 50 min
June 20, 2020 5:27 AM 18 :27 PM 12 h 59 min
July 20, 2020 5: 36 AM 18: 28 PM 12 h 52 min
Aug 20, 2020 5: 42 AM 18: 15 PM 12 h 32 min
Sep. 20,2020 5:54 AM 17: 53 PM 12 h 08 min
Oct. 20, 2020 5:48 AM 17: 33 PM 11 h 44 min
No.20, 2020 5:59 AM 17: 23 PM 11 h 24 min
Dec. 20,2020 6:15 AM 17: 31 PM 11 h 15 min
Source: www.timeanddate.com

Guide questions:
1. Which month has the longest length of day? ______________________
2. Which month has the shortest length of day? _____________________
3. Compare the time of sunrise and sunset between June and December. What did
you notice? __________________________________________________________________
4. Why do you think the length of day changes from January to December?
_____________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Fill in the KWL chart below by writing your previous knowledge about the earth’s
tilt and position, the concepts that you still want to know, and what you learned based in
this module.
K W L Chart
What I Know ( K) What I Want to Know ( W) What I Learned ( L )

City of Good Character 6

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Can Do

The Sun-Moon-Earth Model

Construct an improvised Sun-Earth-Moon model as shown in Figure 3. Use 2
pieces of ball of different sizes to represent the Earth and the moon and a flashlight to
represent the Sun. Label the Earth and the moon. For your performance task, you can
send a video or a picture of your demonstration to your teacher. Using the Sun-Earth-
Moon model that you constructed, demonstrate, and explain the following:

1. The Earth revolves around the Sun while the moon revolves around the Earth.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The northern hemisphere of the Earth is more exposed to the Sun than the southern
hemisphere. Explain which hemisphere will receive a greater amount of heat energy
from the Sun.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The southern hemisphere of the Earth is more exposed to the Sun than the northern
hemisphere. Explain which hemisphere will receive a lesser amount of the Sun’s
energy.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

City of Good Character 7

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Figure 3. Sun-Moon-Earth Model

Rubrics for rating the activity.

Criteria Very Good (5) Good (3) Fair (2)

Content All the concepts are Some of the Most of the concepts
correct. concepts are have errors.
correct
Clarity All ideas are clear Some of the ideas Most ideas are vague
and well-explained. presented are and not well-
clear but not well- explained.
explained.
Presentation of The Sun-Earth- The Sun-Earth- The Sun-Moon-
the model Moon model is Moon model is Earth model is non-
functional and its non-functional but functional and its
parts are complete. its parts are parts are incomplete.
complete.

City of Good Character 8

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Additional Activities
Write down the time of sunrise and sunset and describe the temperature
during the entire day. Compare the length of the day this month and on
December. You may also narrate your activities to explain how you adjust to the
changes that you observe.

My Sunrise/ Sunset Diary

Date:
__________________________ Date:
Dear Diary,

City of Good Character 9

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Assessment

Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following causes the occurrence of day and night?

A. Inclination of the Earth’s axis C. Rotation of the Earth
B. Revolution of the Earth D. Both B and C

2. Which statement BEST describes the position of the Earth relative to its orbital plane?
A. Its axis is tilted 23.5 0. C. Its axis is tilted 60 0.
B. Its axis is tilted 45 0. D. Its axis is tilted 90 0.

3. If the Earth were not tilted, which of the following would happen?
A. The change in seasons will not occur.
B. The day and night cycle will not occur.
C. The length of day and night will be longer.
D. The period of rotation and revolution will change .

4. Which month has the longest length of daytime in the Northern hemisphere?
A. April B. February C. June D. March

5. The Philippines is located above the equator. How will you compare the length of days
and nights during December in our country?
A. The length of daytime and nighttime are equal.
B. The length of nighttime is shorter than daytime.
C. The length of daytime is shorter than nighttime.
D. The length of daytime and nighttime cannot be determined.

City of Good Character 10

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Lesson
2 The Four Seasons

What’s In
Your family decided to have a vacation in different places around the
world. Your first stop is a summer vacation in Boracay, Philippines. Fill in the vacation
form below.

Summer Vacation
Boracay, Philippines

Name: ______________________ Grade and Section: ____________

Answer the following questions:
1. What do you expect in the place during summer in terms of the
following?
A. temperature: ___________________________________________
B. Weather condition: _____________________________________
C. length of day and night: _________________________________

What’s New
While staying in Boracay, you noticed a painting gallery displayed near your hotel.
Describe each part of the painting
A. B.
A. B. - It is raining.

C. D.
C. D.

City of Good Character 11

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What Is It
Earth has different seasons because its axis is tilted as it revolves around the Sun.
Revolution is the movement of the Earth around the sun. These seasons can be
experienced in different places on earth at a certain period in a year distinguished by
special climate conditions. The four seasons that follow one another regularly are winter,
spring, summer, and fall.

Winter (December 1 to February 28 (29th Spring (March 1 to May 31)

if leap year))
- Daytime is longer during this
- This is the year’s coldest months period and the weather gets
where temperature average is warmer as it approaches summer
around 100C to 150C. season because the Earth tilts
facing the sun.
- Trees are bare and some animals
enter a deep sleep called - Trees and other plants grow new
hibernation. leaves.

Fall/Autumn (September 1 to November Summer (June 1 to August 31)

30)
- This is the year’s hottest months
- The weather condition during this where average temperature is
time is fair and usually cloudless. around 320C to 400C.
- Leaves start falling from many - It has long and usually sunny
types of tress. days. Trees keep growing and
bearing fruits during this season.

City of Good Character 12

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
The Earth’s seasons are not significantly caused by the distance of the earth
relative to the Sun but because of the tilted axis of the Earth as it revolves around the
sun. The illustration below shows the relative position of the Earth with tilted axis to the
sun.

Since the Earth is tilted, Northern hemisphere experiences different seasons

compared to the Southern hemisphere.
The table below shows the different seasons in Northern and Southern hemisphere.

Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

Note: During Summer season in the
Summer Winter
Northern hemisphere, Southern
Autumn/Fall Spring hemisphere experiences winter
season.
Winter Summer

Spring Autumn/Fall

What’s More

Activity 1: Letters from different seasons

Your friends abroad sent you a letter telling you about their experiences on the place they
visited. Identify the season they experienced.

“Hello there! I am grateful to visit this place. It is cold out 1. Write the season
here. We enjoyed making snowballs. I wish you were here.” here:
-Jenny

City of Good Character 13

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
“It is harvest time! We have a lot of fruits here and we will
2.
be making fruit shakes out of it! It is also the best time to visit
beaches. We will be waiting for you here.”
-Mark

“The view in our backyard is so wonderful. I can see the 3.

trees dancing while the leaves are falling. It will just take me an
hour or two to clean this up.”
-Rose

“New life has arrived. Trees are showing its young and
4.
fresh leaves reminding people that there is always a new
beginning.”
-Joshua

Activity 2: A picture from different seasons

Rose sent you a picture of a tree found in her backyard. Identify the season in each
part of the picture.

1. 2.

3. 4.

City of Good Character 14

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Activity 3: Earth from different positions

Illustrate the position of Sun and Earth at different seasons of the year and provide
the necessary data to describe each season. A is done for you.

A. Season: Spring (North hemisphere)

Fall (Southern Hemisphere)
Month: March 1

D
B

The Earth at four positions in its orbit around the Sun

Guide questions:
1. How does the position of the Earth causes seasons? ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do vertical rays of the sun move in different directions in one year? _______________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. How does the angle of Sun’s rays cause the different seasons on Earth? ______________
______________________________________________________________________________________

City of Good Character 15

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions below.

1. How does the tilt of the earth affect the climate condition in a particular place?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

2. How do you describe the position of the earth as it revolves around the sun?________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

3. How important it is for a place to have different seasons in a year?

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Make a simple scenery encouraging foreigners to visit Boracay, Philippines

during summer. It must include descriptions of the weather condition of the place.
You may draw or paste a picture of it.

City of Good Character 16

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Additional Activities
Aside from Boracay, your next plan is to visit Puerto Princesa Palawan,
Philippines. Write your ideas below why you have chosen this place as your next
destination. You must discuss the season in that chosen place.

I want to visit

Posttest
Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is an effect of the tilt of the Earth’s axis?

A. Climate change C. Seasons
B. Day and night cycle D. Weather

2. Which month has longer nighttime than daytime in the Northern hemisphere?
A. February B. December C. March D. September

City of Good Character 17

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Refer to the figure below to answer the questions in numbers 3 to 4.

3. Based on the figure, which part of the Earth receives a great amount of heat energy
from the Sun?
A. North pole C. Northern hemisphere
B. South pole D. Southern hemisphere

4. What can you infer about the position of the Earth as shown in the figure?
A. The northern hemisphere will experience shorter daytime.
B. The southern hemisphere will experience longer nighttime.
C. The length of daytime and nighttime are equal in both hemispheres.
D. The northern and southern hemispheres will both experience summer.

5. Which month has shorter daytime than nighttime in the Northern hemisphere?
A. April B. December C. June D. March

6. This is the year’s hottest months where average temperature is around 320C to 400C.
A. Fall B. Spring C. Summer D. Winter

7. This is the year’s coldest months where temperature average is around 100C to 150C.
Trees are bare and some animals enter a deep sleep called hibernation.
A. Fall B. Spring C. Summer D. Winter

8. Why do seasons change?

A. Seasons are caused by the Earth’s and Moon’s Magnetic field.
B. The distance of the Earth with respect to the Moon and the Sun.
C. The speed of rotation and revolution of the Earth on its axis and around the Sun.
D. It is caused by the inclination of the Earth on its axis and its revolution around the Sun.

9. If the northern hemisphere experiences summer season, what is the season in the
southern hemisphere?
A. Fall B. Spring C. Summer D. Winter

10. Earth’s seasons are caused by which of the following?

A. The varying amount of sun’s spot activity.
B. The rotation of the Earth during a 24-hour day.
C. The Earth’s orbit about the Sun as an ellipse rather than a circle.
D. The tilt of the Earth’s axis of rotation is relative to the path as the Earth revolves
around the Sun.

City of Good Character 18

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
19 City of Good Character
What I Can Do
Demonstration of the Sun-Earth-Moon model
What’s More
1.Move the Earth (represented by a medium-sized ball)
1. June
around a flashlight and move the moon (represented by
2. December
a small ball) around the Earth (a medium-sized ball) 3. The time of sunrise was earlier in June than in
December. On the other hand, the time of sunset
2.Position the Sun (represented by a flashlight) toward
was earlier in December than in June.
the Northern hemisphere of the Earth (a medium-sized
4. The length of day changes from January to
ball). At this position, the Northern hemisphere December due to the inclination of the Earth’s
receives a greater amount of heat energy from the Sun axis and the position of the Earth relative to the
than the Southern hemisphere. Sun at a certain month of the year.
What I Have Learned
KWL Chart
What I What I Want What I
know to Know Learned
I know I want to I learned
that know what that the
3. Position the Sun (represented by a flashlight) the causes the length of
toward the Southern hemisphere of the Earth (a Earth Earth’s tilt. daytime
medium-sized ball). At this position, the Northern rotates and
hemisphere receives a lesser amount of heat energy on its nighttime
from the Sun than the Northern hemisphere. axis. is affected
by the
Earth’s
tilt.
What’s New What’s In
Picture Type Movement
of
Breeze
A Sea From the Lesson 1
breeze sea to the
land
B Land From the
Rotation Inclination Revolution breeze land to
the sea Answer Key .
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/seasons/en/.
“What Causes the Seasons?” NASA. NASA, May 29, 2020.
timeanddate.com. Accessed March 24, 2021. https://www.timeanddate.com/.
2021. https://sciencing.com/causes-day-night-cycle-earth-15684.html.
Murmson, Serm. What Causes the Day/Night Cycle on Earth? last modified March 13,
index.html.
https://frontlearners.com/blended/pluginfile.php/4632/mod_resource/content/10/
FRONTLEARNERS. Accessed March 24, 2021.
2021. https://www.britannica.com/science/season.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Season." Encyclopedia Britannica, January 18,
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
20 City of Good Character
What’s New
What’s More A. B.
Activity 3 - It is raining. - Sunny
A. Season: Spring (North hemisphere) - Trees are ready - Higher
Fall (Southern Hemisphere) to grow. temperature
Month: March 1 - Trees have fruits
And leaves
B. Season: Summer Month: June 20/21 -Fair weather
Winter C. D.
- Leaves fell from - Snow appears
C. Season: Autumn/fall Month: Sept. 22/23 the trees. - temperature is
Spring - Trees have no low
fruits.
D. Season: Winter Month: Dec.21/22 - The temperature
Summer is lower than
before.
What’s More What’s In Summer Vacation
Activity 1 Boracay, Philippines
1. Winter
2. Summer Name: Jemwel Dela Paz Grade and Section: 8- Honest
3. Fall Answer the following questions:
4. Spring 1. What do you expect in the place during summer in terms of the
Activity 2 following?
1. Winter A. temperature: The temperature significantly high
B. Weather condition: Fair, Cloudless, Sunny, Windy
2.Spring
C. length of day and night: Length of day is longer than night
3. Summer
4. Fall
Lesson 2
Additional Activity:
My Sunrise/ Sunset Diary Date: July 16,2021
Dear Diary,
Today, I woke up early to watch the sunrise at 5:38 am. The temperature during the entire
day was warm. I had to wear a white shirt and drink more fluids to adjust to the warm
temperature. The time of sunset was 6:25 pm. The length of daytime this month was longer than
the length of daytime in December.
Development Team of the Module

Writers: Maria Alma D. Feliña

Jemwel Dela Paz

Content Editors: Jessica S. Mateo

Marites R. Del Valle
Romencita D. Gollayan

Language Editor: Kristine Joyce G. Montejo

Illustrators: May Anne G. Pasco
Michele P. Dioquino
Layout Artist: Jemwel Dela Paz
Management Team:

Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

City of Good Character 21

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE