H.O.P.E. CHRISTIAN ACADEMY, INC.

Module 4.02
DISS 11
WW Score PT Score

NAME: _________________________________________
SECTION: ______________________________________
INCLUSIVE DATES: _____________________________

What I Need to Know (Lesson 1)

So far, we have been discussing social science ideas from different proponents around the world. It’s
time to tackle key concepts and ideas of our very own Filipino thinkers in the Social Sciences.

Learning Objectives
Examine the key concepts and ideas of Filipino thinkers in the Social Sciences rooted in Filipino
experiences. Attempt to be one.

What I Know

Paano ko babaguhin ang

How will you respond to this
Pilipinas para sa ikakabuti ng
question? Write your
bawat Pilipino? (How will I
answer below.
change the Philippines for the
good of the Filipinos?)

Now, let’s look at the answers of different Filipino social thinkers.

What’s In and What Is It

19th CENTURY FILIPINO SOCIAL THINKERS

-He believed that intelligence is the solution to the ills of the country.

-Their (Filipino) consciousness should be freed from fanaticism,

docility, inferiority, and hopelessness.
*Fanaticism is the extreme interest of something. It is more like an obsession.
*Docility is being easily led or managed.

-He started La Liga Filipina with the job of enlightening the minds of
the people.

“Human problems are irrational human creations and can be solved

through rational solutions. If reason commits mistakes, only reason can
correct them.”
Dr. Jose Rizal

Bangkiko, S. (July 2022) 11 DISS | 1

-Founded Katipunan/KKK(Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan), which aims to liberate the
Filipinos in a bloody way.

-He transformed the blood compact (sandugo) as a kinship

contract.

-Revolution is not between the government and the governed, it

is about the colonized and the colonizers.

“A revolution of war is justified when there is a breach of

contract.”

Andres Bonifacio

- Father of Filipino Socialism

-He organized the first labor union, Union Obrera Democratica

Filipina to improve working conditions through protective labor
legislation.

-He initiated labor strikes against American business firms and

friar-owned haciendas.

-He introduced Marxism to the Philippines.

Isabelo de los Reyes

-He advocated “Academic Freedom”.

-The primary purpose of education is to develop the individual

to his highest efficiency so that he can be of use to himself and
to the community. Such a concept is based on the philosophy of
altruism and is closely allied to citizenship.

“Education must produce individuals who are both useful to

themselves and to society.”

Rafael Palma

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20th TO 21st CENTURY FILIPINO SOCIAL THINKERS

-He believed in Pantayong Pananaw (From-us-For-us

Perspective)

“…Dapat pag-aralan ang ugat at kalagayan ng kapwa

Pilipino sa Pilipinas alinsunod sa punto de bista ng Pilipino
at sariling diskursong taglay nito.” (We should study the root
and condition of our fellow Filipinos basing on the point of
view of a Filipino and its own discourse.)

Kasayasayan bilang salaysay na may saysay para sa

sinasalaysayang pangkat ng tao. (He believes that history is a
that story should make sense for the group of people hearing
Zeus Salazar it.)

-Colonial experience has developed a captive consciousness;

hence “colonial mentality”, a distorted consciousness which
encompasses subservient attitude towards the colonial ruler,
as well as predisposition adapting Western ways.

“When one makes a nationalist choice, he or she chooses not

for himself or herself alone but for the entire nation as well.”

Renato Constantino

Virgilio Enriquez is known as the Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Father of

Filipino Psychology). He is also the founder of Pambansang Samahan
ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino. As a pioneer of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, he made many
publications discussing indigenous psychology; he made himself a visiting
professor to various universities in the country and abroad. He translated
psychology articles in Filipino and wrote his own until he accumulated a library.

Sikolohiyang Pilipino refers to the psychology born out of the

experience, thought, and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full
use of Filipino culture and language. The approach is one of
indigenization from within, whereby the theoretical framework and
methodology emerge from the experiences of the people from the
indigenous culture. It is based on assessing historical and socio-cultural
realities, understanding the local language, unraveling Filipino
characteristics, and explaining them through the eyes of the native
Filipino.

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What’s More (Lesson 2)

Activity 1

Instruction: Summarize the answers of the Filipino Thinkers to the question, “How will I change the
Philippines for the good of the Filipinos?” using an infograph. You may draw it on short bond paper,
take a picture and send it to your teacher or use an application in your mobile phone or laptop to create
one. Refer to the rubric below. (20 points)

Criteria Excellent Very Good Good Fair

Content Appropriate details Most details support Few details support No details to
(10 points) support main idea main idea. main idea. support main idea
Accurate and Accurate Lacking accurate Information is
detailed information information for almost information not accurate.
Information all subject matter Inadequate Information
adequately supports Information is information is not does not support
purpose of visual mostly adequate and clearly supportive of the visual’s
supportive of visual’s visual’s purpose. purpose.
purpose.
Visual Appeal Outstanding use of Adequate use of Inappropriate use of Little attempt to
(5 points) color, design, & space color, design, and color, design, & space use color, design
Original and space Design lacks and space
creative design Design is adequate. creativity. appropriately
Overall design is Overall design is Lack of Design is dull.
pleasing and mostly pleasing and harmonious design in Project has
harmonious. harmonious. presentation sloppy appearance.
Mechanics Free of grammatical Mostly free of Frequent Too frequent
(5 points) errors grammatical errors grammatical errors grammatical errors
Words are legible Most words are Presentation is Distractive
and pertinent to topic. legible and pertinent to illegible and elements make
topic. confusing. illustration
ineffective.

What’s More (Lesson 3)

Assessment 1

Among the social ideas of the Filipino thinkers, whose idea do you think is the most relevant to our
society nowadays? Explain why you think so.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Truth is, it’s hard to provide a solution to our social problems unless we take a closer, honest look at
who we really are as Filipinos. What are general Filipino traits and values we possess as a people?
How has this affected our behavior and decision-making?

Sociologists believe that values are important motivators of behavior that indicate what society
considers as important. They also provide the course of action that can be taken when confronted with
choices (Hunt et.al, 1998).

So, for today we will focus on answering this question:

What are common interpersonal values observed among Filipinos?

Here is an overview of the main classification of Filipino Values.

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FILIPINO VALUES

Economic Security
Social Acceptance Reciprocity
and Social Mobility

It is a term referring to the ability to accept, or to be able

SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE to tolerate, differences and diversity in other people or
groups of people.

VALUES THAT CAN HELP ATTAIN SOCIAL

ACCEPTANCE:

1. Smoothness of Interpersonal Relations (SIR)

2. Shame and Self-Esteem or Amor Propio

Smoothness of Interpersonal Relations (SIR) Shame and Self-Esteem or Amor Propio

SIR is a strong cultural force among Filipinos in

their effort to achieve social acceptance and
maintain harmonious relationships.

This is acquired and preserved in three different

ways:

PAKIKISAMA is a typical trait of a HIYA (SHAME) is a Filipino value that is

Filipino, in its simplest sense meaning “getting difficult to translate. Literally it has several
along with others”. Pakikisama entails a genuine meanings such as shy, timid, sensitive rather than
intrinsic value for togetherness. Group harmony ashamed. Filipinos believe they must live up to
and unity is given primacy. People want to get the accepted standards of behavior and make it a
along rather than stand out. If progress is point not to cause another person’s
achieved, it is for the entire group’s effort. Also embarrassment. Each is anticipated to have hiya
included here is the mentality that no one should in the way they behave to win respect from the
be left behind. community. This is a value that gives a Filipino a
sense of social decency and politeness.
EUPHEMISM refers to polite, indirect
expressions that replace words and phrases
considered harsh and impolite, or which suggest
something unpleasant. For example, instead of
calling someone 'ugly' (pangit), Filipinos say
'not so pretty' (hindi kagandahan) sometimes
adding ‘pero mabait naman’ (but he is kind) to
shift attention from the physical to internal
characteristics.

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AMOR PROPIO is a Spanish word which means
self –love; a sense of self-esteem or self-respect
GO BETWEEN is the need for a that prevents a person from swallowing his pride.
mediator or facilitator. A third party is necessary It includes sensitivity to personal insult or affront.
to act as an intermediary when asking for a The stimulus that sets it off is only that which
favor. This comes from a presumed inadequacy strikes at the Filipino’s most highly valued
or lack of authority to request something from attributes. For example, an abandoned wife will
someone else. High importance to the one who refuse to seek financial support from a husband
holds power is observed. who has abandoned her no matter how financially
destitute she is on this principle. Amor propio in
short means ego defensiveness, dignity or one’s
personal pride akin to the traditional oriental
attitude of having ‘face’.

Economic stability is achieved when one has a

ECONOMIC SECURITY stable and sufficient source of income. Having
AND SOCIAL MOBILITY the skill sets, knowledge, opportunities, and
channels to create this income is essential here.

Social mobility is the movement of individuals,

families, or groups through a system of social
hierarchy or stratification. If such mobility
involves a change in position, especially in
occupation, but no change in social class, this is
called horizontal mobility. An example would
be a person who moves from a managerial
position in one company to a similar position in
another.
If, however, the move involves a change in
social class, it is called vertical mobility and
involves either upward mobility or downward
mobility. An industrial worker who becomes a
wealthy businessman moves upward in the class
system; a land aristocrat who loses everything in
a revolution moves downward in the system.

Reciprocity refers to the feeling of obligation in situations

RECIPROCITY
wherein Filipinos feel like a favor or request received must
be returned.

THREE TYPES OF RECIPROCITY:

1. Contractual Reciprocity
2. Quasi-contractual Reciprocity
3. Utang na Loob (Debt of Gratitude)

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Contractual Reciprocity Quasi-contractual Reciprocity Utang na Loob
It refers to a voluntary Reciprocity is automatic The essence of utang na loob is an
agreement between two without the need for any obligation to appropriately repay a
or more individuals in a particular prior arrangement. It person who has done one a favor. The
particular manner in a is a norm and simply has been favors which elicit the Filipino's sense
specific time in the done ever since people can of utang na loob are typically those
future. remember therefore there is no whose value is impossible to quantify.
need for an explanation.
Example: a group of There is a saying in Tagalog, “Ang ‘di
farmers who takes turns Examples: abuloy – a marunong tumingin sa pinanggalingan
plowing one another’s contribution, a financial aid ay di makakarating sa paroroonan.”
field given to the family of someone This proverb serves as a kind of
who died reminder that one has to be thankful,
grateful, and always remember those
Bayanihan – a traditional people who have helped them reach
system of mutual assistance in their goals in life. This is the basic
which the members of a context of “utang na loob”, where one
community work together to has to have an attitude of gratitude and a
accomplish a difficult task. commitment to return the favor in due
time.

What I Have Learned (Lesson 4)

Activity 2
Pick out one specific Filipino social problem you have observed in our current setting (ex. Voting for a
person running for government position because he has donated for a loved one’s hospital bills). Specify
what value is reflected in this problem (ex. Utang na loob) and the impact of this value to our Philippine
culture.

Consider yourself as a 21st century social thinker and propose a solution to solve this problem. Make
sure to provide ample details and present tomorrow in a convincing manner. Refer to Rubric in Module
4.01 Learning Resources as to how you will be graded.

What I Can Do (Lesson 5)

Assessment 2
When your name is picked from a fishbowl, it’s your turn to share your output in Activity 2.

References

Carolino, J. (2014, August 23). Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Retrieved December 16, 2020, from
https://www.slideshare.net/jeaneleicarolino/sikolohiyang-pilipino
Institute of Philippine Culture's study on Philippine values. prezi.com. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2022, from
https://prezi.com/p/6zufii60dspu/institute-of-philippine-cultures-study-on-philippine-values/
Reinronald. (2015, May 15). A Filipino persona (#1): Smooth Interpersonal relations. MindPuff. Retrieved February 7, 2022,
from https://mindpuff.wordpress.com/2015/05/15/a-filipino-persona/
Scribd. (n.d.). Filipino social thinkers. Scribd. Retrieved February 7, 2022, from
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/374162406/Filipino-Social-Thinkers

Sosa, T. (2017, June 19). Filipino Social Thinkers (D.I.S.S). Retrieved December 16, 2020, from
https://www.slideshare.net/thesallysosa/filipino-social-thinkers-diss
Thesally Sosa Follow Student. (n.d.). Filipino social thinkers (D.I.S.S). SlideShare. Retrieved February 7, 2022, from
https://www.slideshare.net/thesallysosa/filipino-social-thinkers-diss
Ti Kieng, J. (n.d.). INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINE CULTURE'S STUDY ON PHILIPPINE VA. Retrieved December
16, 2020, from https://prezi.com/_o4jc1wad4ck/institute-of-the-philippine-culture039s-study-on-philippine-va/

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