ADJUSTMENT INVENTORY FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS (AISS) A.K. P. Sinha R.P. Singh Ex-ProfessorandHead = Ex-Professor and Head Department of Psychology — \- AM! Department of Education Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University “Patna University RAIPUR & PATNA Estd. 1971 a — Se (OEE) 2364926 NATIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CORPORATION 4/230, KACHERE GHAT, AGRA - 282 004 (INDIA) Scanned with CamScannerMANUAL FOR ADJUSTMENT INVENTORY FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS (ATS S) INTRODUCTION The Adjustment Inventory has been designed for use with Hindi knowing school students of India. The inventory seeks to segregate well adjusted secondary schoo! students (age group 14 to 18 years) from poorly adjusted students in the three areas of adjustment : Emotional, Social and Educational. A list of 100 questions indicating the significant problems of school students in the three areas were prepared. The questions were to be answered in ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. This list was presented to 25 judges, all of whom were psychologists engaged in teaching, counselling, or vocational guidance work, to judge each item in term of its merit for being included in the inventory, Only such items were retained about which the judges were unanimous. This led to the elimination of 12 Out of 100 items. Before undertaking the work of item analysis, the inventory was administered to a sample of 100 students to remove the language difficulties, if any, reported by them in understanding clearly the different items. Item Analysis The list of remaining 88 items was administered on two groups of subjects—group A and group B. Group A consisted of 100 such students who were judged to be well-adjusted and Group Bof 100 students judged to be poorly adjusted by a group of five teachers who knew them very well. Chi-square test Scanned with CamScannerWas applied to Compare the responses of the two groups in respect of each item. Fourteen out of a total Of 88 items which did not discriminate the two Groups Significantly were eliminated from the test. The 74 items that were retained were administered to a group of 370 secondary school Students of Patn: distributions of scores for the whole inventory and for the three Parts of it were tested for normality. As the Scores did not depart significantly from a normal distribution, biserial correlations of each item (1) with the total scores on the inventory and (2) with the areas total scores were computed. The significance of biserial correlation at .001 level was fixed as the criterion for retaining an item. This led to the elimination of 14 items out Of 74. The final inventory consisted of 60 items, 20 items in each area of adjustment. a. The Areawise item Sr. Number Sr. No. | Adjustment Areas Item Sr. No. 1. Emotional 1,4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46, 49, 52, 55, 58 2. Social 2,5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56, 59 3. Educational 3,6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, [99. 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60 TOTAL Sample The 60. item inentory, in its final form, was administered to a randomly selected representative sample of 1950 (1200 boys and 750 girls) cee i to XI grade pupils of 40 schools of Bihar of the age ot eee years. The osietons of scores were tested for normality by applying Chi-square technique. The distributions did not depart significantly from normality. Scanned with CamScanner| iS RRRR ERAN Same Manual for AlS Reliability Coefficient of reliability was determined by (i) Split-half method, (ii) Test retest method, and (iii) K-R formula-20. Table 1 gives the reliability coefficients of the total test and of sub-tests by different methods. TABLE 1 Reliability Coefficients of the Inventory Method Used | Emotional} Social Educational Split-half 0.94 0.93 0.96 Test-retest 0.96 0.90 0.93 l 3. | K-R Fromula-20 0.92 0.92 0.96 Validity In item-analysis validity coefficients were determined for each item by biserial correlation method and only such items were retained which yielded biserial correlation with both the criteria (i) total score and (ii) area score, significant level being -001. Inter-correlations among the three areas of the inventory were calculated. The correlation matrix is being presented in Table 2. TABLE 2 Correlation Matrix of the Three Areas Sr.No. | Adjustment Areas 1 " ml 1 Emotional - 20 19 2. 1 Social -20 = 24 3. Educational 49 | 24 _ J Scanned with CamScannerThe inventor was also validated by correlating inventory scores with ratings by the Hostel Superintendent. This was done on the data of 60 pupils living in the hostel of Patna Collegiate Multipurpose Higher Secondary School. The Hostel Superintendent rated the Pupils on a five point scale, namely, Excellent, Good, Average, Poor, and Very Poor in respect of their adjustments. The product Moment coefficient of correlation between inventory scores and superintendent's ratings was obtained to be 0.51, Norms Percentile norms were Computed for both males and females of all the three areas (Emotional, Social and Educational) of adjustment separately as also for the whole inventory. Table 3 and 4 give the percentiles for male and females respectively. TABLE 3 Percentile Norms for Males Percentiles | Emotional | Social | Educational] Total Peo 9.98 = eas | 26a Peo | 0 9.16 i et 23.44 Pro et 8.24 8.34 21.34 Poo | 7.24 7.38 7.40 ap | Pep 6-18 6.58 6.48 17-74 Pao = oa 5.98 16.06 Pao 442 491 4.82 14.32 a 344 3.75 eSee lead U Pio 2.01 2.70 2.02 8.82 Scanned with CamScannerTABLE 4 Percentile Norms for Females [ Percentios | Emotional Social | Educational Total | Poo 9.80 9.91 9.95 27.67 Peo 8.31 8.45 8.81 23-89 Pro 7.45 7.55 7.67 21.63 Pso 688 oor | 698 19.40 Pso 6.12 6.34 17.78 Peo 511 5.73 16.15 Pao 421+ 4:31 4-62 14.53 P20 344 3.08 3.61 11-8 LP 2.00 2.31 271 870) The subjects can be classified into five categories in accordance with the raw scores obtained by them on the inventory. The five different categories of adjustment are, ‘A’ which stands for excellent, ‘B’ which stands for good, ‘C’ which stands for average, ‘D' which stands for unsatisfactory, and ‘E’ which Stands for very unsatisfactory adjustments. This categorization was done by dividing the base line of the normal curve into five equal units, each unit being equal to 1.2. Table 5 presents the classification of adjustment for total-scores and Table 6 shows the classification in respect of the three areas : Emotional, Social and Educational. Scanned with CamScannerBLE gories. “ 5 us ale stment In terms of C ra Range of Scores Classificatio Ebelow 5 & below ee Very Unsatisfactory TABLE 6 ies in the Three Areas Classification of Adjustment in terms of Categories in teg Range of Scores Adjustment tegor Description ° ae a pom A Excellent 1 &below | 1 & below 2-4 2-65 B | 2-4 | emorionat, | 2 fans D Unsatisfactory 8-10 8-10 Very Unsatisfactory |11 & above| 11 & above 2 & below 3-5 2 &below 3-4 A Excellent B Good SOCIAL | © | Very Unsatisfactory |11 & above] 11 & above E A Excellent 2 & below | 2 & below B Good 3-4 [|e Yverage 3 7 5-7 8-10 Unsatisfactory [ e~10 | Very Unsatisfactory EDUCATIONAL Scanned with CamScanneriE ... Manual for AIS S | 9 Table 7 gives Means and Standard Coviations of the population upon which s are based. TABLE 7 Male Female Meaning of the symbols and explanation of the areas. Emotional Adjustment : High scores indicate unstable emotion. Students with low scores tend to be emotionally stable. Social Adjustment : Individuals scoring high are submissive and retering. Low scores indicate aggressive behaviour. Educational Adjustment : Individuals scoring high are poorly adjusted with their curricular and co-curricular Programmes. Persons with low scores are interested in school programmes. instructions for Test Users 4. Itis a self-administering inventory. The examiner should read the instructions given on the front page and the examinees should also read them silently along with the examiner. Scanned with CamScanner2 There is no time limit for answering it. Ordinarily an individual takes 49 minutes in completing the test. 8. Examiners should be instructed to interpret the meaning of the sentences themselves, However, meaning of the difficult words, if any should be given by the examiner. 4. Co-operation of the examinees in answering the inventory is very essential, The examiner should assure them that their answers and scores will be treated with strictest confidence. S. The examiners should indicate frankly and honestly the purpose of the test, * _ ifand when any question regarding this is raised by the examinees. 6. There is no need of telling why letters and numbers are placed before the questions. If, a question is asked about these the examiners should tell the meaning of the letters. Instructions for Scoring Inventory can be scored by hand only. For any answer indicative of adjustment Zero is given, otherwise a score of one is awarded. Table 8 shows the key response indicative of lack of adjustment. The inventory is designed to bé an aid in counselling school students of age group 14-18 years whose personal problems Pertain to any of the three areas included in the test. The use of Deonagari letters A, Band Cc Corresponding to Emotional adjustment, Social adjustment and Educational adjustment enables the test user to discover readily questions relating to each measure. The total score indicates the general adjustment status. Scanned with CamScannerTABLE 8 Indicative of Lack of Adjustment Area wise S a) | EMOTIONAL SOCIAL | EDUCATIONAL Response Response Response temo. | ERIS Tram. | MEH | umn, | Maer Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment YES 2 YES 3 YES 4 YES 5 YES 6 YES YES | 8 YES 9 YES 10 - YES a 12 NO 13 YES 14 YES 15 YES 16 — YES 7 NO 18 NO. 19 YES 20 NO 21 YES | 22 YES 23 NO 24 NO 25 YES" 26 NO a YES YES 29 YES 30 No | YES NO 33 NO YES YES. 36 | YES NO 39 YES YES NO a | yes YES 44 NO 45 YES YES 47 YES 48 NO YES 50 NO 51 NO [52 YES 53 NO 54 NO 55 YES 56 NO 57 NO t 5a i. ves] 59 NO 60 NO € Fa peminson ofthe publisher Manca roosevelt 3 =) Scanned with CamScannerConsumable Booklet of AIS S-ss (English version) TM Reps No 864898 Copynght Reps No BA.7325672005 0. 13505, Prof. A. K. P. Sinha (Patna) Prof. R. P. Singh (Patna) Please fill up the following informations :— Student's Name Age Boy / Girl Name of the School. Class. District. INSTRUCTIONS On the next pages, there are some statements covering your school problems, which have two response alternatives ‘YES’ and ‘NO’. Read every statements carefully and decide whether you want to answer it with ‘YES’ or ‘NO’. If your answer is in ‘YES’, then cross the cell [x] under‘YES’ andifin‘NO’, cross the cell [X] under'NO’. Remember your answers will not be told to any person, so please give the correct answer without hesitation. You may take your own time, but try to finish it as soon as possible. SCORING KEY Estd. 1974 © : (0562) 2464926 NATIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CORPORATION 4/230, KACHERI GHAT, AGRA-282 004 (INDIA) Scanned with CamScanner2 | Consumable Booklet of Al es __ eh Are you always afraid of something in your school ? 2. Do you avoid meeting your classmates ? oO q { 3. Do you forget soon what you have read ? oO o 4. Suppose, your classmates do something unreasonable unknowingly, do you immediately get angry with them ? 0 oO 5. Are you of a shy nature ? o o 6. Are you afraid of examinations ? Oo q 7. Do you worry your teacher scolding you for your mistakes 7 Oo g 8. Do you hesitate in asking a question when you don't understand something ? Oo o 9. Is it difficult for you to understand the lessons taught in the class ? QO 10. Are you jealous of those friends whom teachers appreciate very much ? a Og 11. When some of your teachers are together, do you go there without any complex ? 7 2 (a 12. Can you note down the lessons taught in class. correctly ? oO 13. Do you envy those classmates whom you think better than you ? oO 14. Do you feel sometimes, as if you have no friend in your school ? o 15. Do you yawn when lesson in taught in your class ? O Qa | 16. When you see, some students talking themselves, do you . think they are gossiping about you ? 17. Are you able to get friendly with everyone easily ? oO 18. Are you satisfied with the method of teaching of your teachers of this school ? i oO -19. Do you express your anger to others when you are not asked to come forward in any programme in your school ? oO 20. When some students are together, do you join them freely. EF a | item No. | 1, 4,7, 10, 13, 16, 19 2,5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 Scanned with CamScannerConsumable Booklet o} Gr] STATEMENTS 21. Do you think that the teachers in the schoo! do not pay any attention to your problems ? oO 22. Are you often sad and distressed in the school ? 23. Do you like to join your classmates working together ? Oo oO 24, Are you satisfied with the progress in your studies ? 25. Do you feel the teachers neglect you ? 26. Do you try to attract the attention of your teacher to yourself in the class ? 27. Isita burden for you to study something ? 28. Do you get yourself worked up and try to harm a student when he complains against you ? 29. Do you often like to be alone ? Ee 30. Are your teachers always ready to solve your problems concerning your studies ? Oo 31. Are you often dissatisfied with your school ? 32. Do you establish a friendly relationship with the students in O the school ? 33. Do your teachers in the school praise you ? 34. Do you try to rationalise your mistake ? 35. Do you like to sit in the front seats in the class ? 36. Do you often get less marks in examination ? 37. Do you resent it when your teacher ask you a question in the class ? 38. Do you have a friendly associatiol Do you like the idea of having more holidays in the school ? your classmates jokes with you a 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37,40 _| 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38 n with your fellow students 2 39. 40. ‘Do you get wild when one of 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39 Scanned with CamScanner‘41. Do you openly take part in the school assemblies ? 42. Do you often quarrel with your classmates ? o 43. Do you sometimes go home before the schools closes 7 44. Do you take part in the school sports ? o 45. Do some of your teachers often keep on scolding you for the studies ? 46. Do you often have doubt on others in the schools ? 47. Are you shy of talking to the senior students in school ? 48. Do you look at your teachers respectfully ? 49. Do you show impertinance (arrogance) towards something good sent by a mate with whom you don’t get along well ? Do you have some intimate friends in this school ? 51. Do you pay attention to the lesson being taught in class 7 52. Do you develop resentful feelings towards your teachers when you get less marks ? 53. Are you always ready to help your classmates in everyway ? 54. Do you borrow books and magazines from the school library and read them ? oO 55. Are you often afraid meeting the senior students ? 2 a 3 56. Do you enjoy irritating other students in the school ? 57. Do you take part in the debates ? 58. Do you feel mentally depressed when you meet the senior students ? (=| 59. Do you lend your books or note-books gladly when your classmates ask for it ? 60. Are you interested in the things regarding education ? | Item No. | 43, 46, 49, 52, 55, 58 41, 44, 47, 50, 53, 56,59 | 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60 (©2011. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form Is a violation of Copyright Act, Consumable Bookiet of Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS-#8) English Version a Eee Scanned with CamScanner