Sipimerd geleU Kein csr-Le Lita 41 (63 A Q Speaking 1 Guinness Word Recordsisa book tats famous allover the world Whatis a ‘record’? Do you know the details of any records? Discuss your ideas with a partner, 2 Lookat these pictures. What records do you think are being broken? 3 What record would you like to break? For example: Would you like to be the tallest person in the world? Would you like to be the person who can eat the most doughnuts without licking their lips?! Or would you prefer to break one of the records in the pictures above? Discuss your ideas with your partner and be prepared to give feedback to the class, 4 Work alone. Choose the answer that you think best completes the following statements about world records and record-breaking. Then compare your answers with a partner. The fastest serve of a tennis ball was ... kilometres per hour by Samuel Groth on Sth May 2012. 183 223 263 303 'b The longest snake held in captivity is... long. 767metres 8.67 metres 9.67metres 10.67 metresaoe ee LANGUAGE TIP A superlatives the form of an ‘adjective that shows the most or the least of something. You can recognise a superlative by the suffix -est longest), ‘or the word mast or least (the mast fascinating book, the least attractive building) in front of the adjective. Aitera superlative, in or of + ‘noun phrase can be used toindicate whatis being compared, for example The fastest tennis server in the world, The longest snake ofall time. © Thehighest waterfall, Angel Falls in Venezuela, has a height of... 379 metres 579metres 779metres 979 metres _ Iiker Yilmaz squirted milk from his eye a distance of .. on ist September 2004, 33.8centimetres 191.4centimetres 279.5 centimetres 365.1 centimetres € The fastest time to burst three balloons with the backs... seconds, set by Julia Gunthel on 23rd November 2007. 36912 £ The record for the longest distance walking over hot plates is ... and was achieved by Rolf ven on 18th April 2009. metres 35 metres 45metres 55 metres & Kanchana Ketkaew lived in a glass room measuring 12 metres squared containing $320 scorpions for... days and nights at the Royal Garden Plaza, Pattaya, Thailand. She was stung 13 times. 22 33 44 hh The fastest time to enter a zipped suitcase is... seconds, achieved by Leslie Tipton on 14th September 2009 in New York, USA. 543 1543 2543 25.43 5. Askyourteacher for the answers to Activity Ad, Examples: How fast was Samuel Groth’s tennis serve on 9th May 2012? What isthe fastest serve of a tennis ball? 6 How many questions did you get right? Which world record surprised you the most? Why? Reading 1 Look at the five pictures on the left. With a partner, answer the questions. a What sports do they show? What equipment are the players using? bb Which do you thinkare, orhave been in the past, Olympic sports? ¢ Which one or ones would you like to participate in? Why? 2 Which sports from Activity B1 do you think use the following pieces of equipment? Why? = arope = awalkingstick # roller skates. 3 With a partner, choose who is Student A and who is Student B. Then look at your words in the list below, which come from an article you are going to read about sports. Decide what the words mean and what parts of speech they are (for example verb or noun). Use paper and digital reference sources to help you. Share your ideas with your partner, Example: decades = periods of ten years, plural noun STUDENTA braided debut ignoble misleading precise STUDENTB precursor premise resemble sabre slain 4 Skim the text and complete the gaps a-j using the words from Activity B3Vea een The ten strangest Olympic sports ‘Basketal, track and swimming have been important events at the Olympics for decades, drawing thousands of spectators. But solo synchronised swimming or lve pigeon shooting? They are among the strangest events that have, at onetime or another, taken place atthe Games. Here are the ten oddest sports that hhave graced the modern Olympics Solo synchronised swimming This sport features ‘one female swimmer synchronising with herself, The sport made its)... in the Los Angeles Games in 1984, with US swimmer ‘Tracie Ruiz winning the gold medal Similar tothe group event, swimmer performs e kind of water ballet. Despite the seemingly ().. title, organisers ofthe sport say the swimmer is actually in syne with the music. Th solo event was discontinued after 1992. Club swinging Club swinging frst appeared inthe 1904 Olympics. The athlete stands up straight, holding clubs that (6)... bowling pins in each hand, He then twirls and whirls them around. The more complicated the routine, the more points he wins Historians say the sport was the A). o hythmie ymnastics events that use ribbons and hoops. lub singing ‘was only in the Olympics twice, ending in 1932, Tug-of-war Oncea very competitive Olympic sport, tug-of-war employs teams (originally called ‘clubs’ that struggle and strain to pull a rope pasta certain point. Great Britain actually won the most medals inthis event, historians say. A couniry could enter more than one team, making it possible for one country to win multiple medal Tug. of-war was an Olympic event from 1900 until 1920. Live pigeon shooting The 1900 Olympics in Pais had the great distinction of being the rst Games where women competed. It also wore the (@) badge forthe sport of ive pigeon shooting, wher athlete aimed to bring down as many pigeons as posible. Nearly 300 birds were)... historians say, leaving blood feathery mess, The winner shot down 21 pigeons The 1900 Garnes in Paris was the only time ive pigeon killing took place in the Olympics. ‘Swimming obstacle course As strange as this sport ‘may seem, the obstacle swimmers ha to overcome are even ‘more unusual Inthe 1900 Games in Paris, swimmers crawled ‘over boats, swam under them and climbed a pole, all the while ‘swimming 200 metres in the River Seine. The sport has not been repeated at subsequent Olympic Games. Roller hockey Roller hockey debuted at the 1992. Barcelona Games. The game follows the rules of ice hockey; but with roller skates. Argentina took the god. The Barcelona Games was the only time that roller hockey was in the Olympics, La canne Ok, think fencing, Now take away the (g)... and replace it with a cane, You know, the walking stick type of thing? ‘Now you have the French martial art la cane, which debuted at the 1924 Olympics, but has never appeared since. Rope climbing This activity debuted as an Olympic sport ‘in 1896. Just like in your gym class, the climbers were timed to ‘see how quickly they could reach the top of a (h) ... rope. In. 1896, the rope was 15 metes long, but was then shortened to ‘8 metres. After 1932, the Olympics left rope climbing behind. Trampolining Despite seeming like an activity you did {in your backyard when you were ten, trampolining debuted as an Olympic sport in 2000. Gymnast take tothe trampoline, somersauling and flipping as stern-faced judges keep score, oo. & ‘with judges delivering marks fr dificult, execution and time ‘of flight, minus penalties’ Olympic ofcas say. Both men and ‘women trampolinists still compete in the Olympic. Race walking tn this sport, competitors try to outrace one another - without actually running. Even though the @) ... seems a lite strange, race walking has actualy been an Olympic sport since 1904, To ensure that athletes do not run, race walkers must have one foot on the ground at al times o risk disqualification. Men compete in 20-kilometre and 50-Kilometre races; women only race 20 kilometres. ‘Adapted from [Link]Sar Eee Ret LANGUAGE TIP Look again atthe final sentence of the text: Men compete in 20-kilometre ‘and 50-kilometre races; women only race 20 kilometres. Notice that the word kilometre is singular in the first half ofthe sentence, but plural in the second half. Ths is because its being used as an adjective before races in other words, itis describing races. Remember thatin English, adjectives only have one form: they do not change for singular or plural, or masculine or feminine nouns (for example Maria is | avery interesting woman, James and Dovic are very interesting men). In the second half ofthe sentence, the word is being used as a noun, which is why itis plural kilometres after 20. 5 Read the text carefully, then copy the table in your notebook and complete itwith the necessary information. You may not be able to fill in all the gaps. ‘An example has been done for you. eed Pon Stn os oe feng . — Barcelona + 1992, | Clubs el ae 6 Answer the following questions about the text. Write the answers in TOP TIPS ‘your notebook. Eno look forkey How many sports take place in water? words inthe questions to x ae P i heloyu fied tees Which sports require the player/s to hold a piece of equipment: Key words are the words that Which sport was introduced to the Olympics most recently? Which sports were part of the 1900 Paris Olympics? Inwhich sport/s do you think players are part of a team? Why? Which sport/s has/have been in the Olympics the longest? Which two sports mention the length of the race? will help you to find the place where the answer isin the text. Ifyou do not read the question properly, you may give the wrong answer,oa———. TOP TIPS Itis unlikely that you will know ‘what every word means in a reading passage, but don't letthat putyou off tisnever | necessary to understand everything in a text. IFthere are words you need to check, look them up in a dictionary ron the Internet. Thereare also strategies you can use to work out what 2 word means, You can try to work out its meaning from the context: the other words around it. For example look at ond he struggled on in the middle of paragraph 1 inthe text on page 102. If you look atthe information before and after the word struggted, it will give you an understanding of what it means. Choose from these options: (i) started an argument, (i) managed to survive, il) continued with difficulty Another option isto ‘break up’ words. Look at this example from the text: these are the steps of my downfall. This word has two recognisable parts: down + fal, which help you to understand what the word means. C © @ Reading and vocabulary 1 Robert Scott (1868-1912) successfully reached the South Pole, only to find that another explorer (Roald Amundsen) had got there one month before him. Unfortunately, Scott and his team of explorers all perished on their return journey. You are going to read part of a biography about Robert Scott, describing this tragic event. Before you read, match the following words - which appear in the text - with the definitions. There are two extra definitions that you will not need, Words Definitions stumbled the action of cutting off a person's arm or leg blizzord ‘written clearly enough to be read dissuade severe snow storm ‘amputation full of liquid or gas rotions a place where food and other things are stored depot try tostop someone from doing something legible a situation where something cannot continue walked unsteadily and almost fell a fixed amount of food or water ‘Skim the text on page 102. Find the words from Activity C1 and then note five more words that you find difficult. Discuss these words with a partner and use paper or digital reference sources to help you understand what they mean. ‘Skim the text again and answer the following questions. a How many explorers are mentioned? b_ Which explorer survived the longest? Scan the text, then copy and complete the table below. ‘Scan the text again and write short answers to the following questions. Remember that your answers should be brief, but must include all the necessary information. Find the key word/s in each question first. Why did Scott and Bowers have to make camp by themselves? Why are two dates given for the day when Oates began to struggle? What was the weather like when Oates left the tent? Why was Scott worried about his right foot? ‘What prevented Scott and his team from reaching the food camp? What did Scott mean when he wrote, ‘Have decided it shall be natural’? What did Scott want to happen to his written notes? In what condition was the tent when the search team found it? How many months after the death of the team were their bodies found? Why was it remarkable that Scott wrote 12 letters?pee inie dah tig re hace kaga tome heat bra mats 2 D Q Speaking 1 Work in small groups and answer these questions a What do you think happened to Oates after he stumbled out of the tent? Why do you think this? b_ How did the men react to their situation? Did they all react in the same way? Ifnot, in what ways were they different? © What do you think about Scott's achievements? Would you describe him as a hero? Why or why not? 4 Doyou agree with the following definition of a hero/heroine? Do you think that Scott fits this definition? Why or why not? Someone admired for their bravery or abilities, particularly someone who has acted with great courage under difficult or dangerous conditions.Which qualities do you think make someone a hera/heroine? Do they have t0 be brave? Could a coward be a hero/heroine? Are some heroes/heroines stupid or irresponsible? £ Doyou know (or know of) anyone whom you regard as a hero/heroine? What did s/he do? Why? What was the outcome? Does the Person fit the definition above? 2 @ Listen to two students talking about Scott, The first student thinks that Scott was a hero; the second does not. What do you think? Why? E @ writing 1 Read the audioscript for Activity D2 on Pages 198-9, Notice the: ‘way the two Speakers give their general opinion about the question at the beginning (really think Scott ‘was a hero because... and. |For me, Scott was not a hero because ...) and then Proceed to give specific reasons. How many different ‘easons does each speaker give to support their opinion? Tell wows partner whatyou thin 2 Choose a famous Person whom you consider to be a herofheroine. Make a list atleast three reasons: why you have chosen this Person. Rank the reasons inorder of Importance F @ Further practice Write 4 ite a short piece describing how Scott's widow felt when she received the ‘lary Use details from the text. Do not write morethan 100 werd, Note and present 2 What do you think about people participating in ‘extreme: sports’ (sports that put people in some sort of danger, such as ice. climbing or BMX riding)? Read and analyse > Read the newspaper article on page 104 about a teenager who helped to ‘scue 3 family of ive children from a burning house. Then decide f the statements below itare true or false.eT ca ceca eee ee tery Heroes Brave mother and son clamber into blazing house to rescue family of five terrified children {2} A teenager and his family have been praised as heroes after rescuing five children from a fire. Matthew Robinson, 18, his mother and his father rushed to help when a neighbour's home went up in flames. Jackie Robinson, 40, climbed a ladder to ‘pull 12-yearold Tamara Barlow and her 16-month-old brother from their first-floor bedroom. {2} Matthew Robinson, 18, has been hailed a hero for his actions after he charged into a burning bullding to rescue children from a house fire After their 16-year-old sister Charlotte clambered down, Matthew went up the ladder and into the smoke-filled room to save two more children. He grabbed semi-conscious Jack, 11, and his sister Chantelle, five, and passed them to his father Roy, who carried them to safety. [3] Last night, fire crews said one or more of the children would almost certainly have died had it not been for the Robinsons, but the modest family denied they were heroes. ‘Trainee mechanic Matthew said: Anyone would have done the same thing, 1 was in the right place at the right time and it was adrenaline that t00k over: [4] Mrs Robinson added: ‘The kids are alive and that’s all that matters, It all happened so quickly, we didn't really hhave time to think about our own safety Matt was very calm, I am very proud of him. He has more guts than T have, ‘considering he is only 18? [5] The blaze at the home in Abbotsbury, Dorset, began around 9.30 pm, on Sunday night. The children’s mother, Cee One of the children died in the fire. Matthew is 18 years old, Jack's father is called Roy. Tracee Barlow, suffered a broken pelvis when she jumped five metres from the property, and her screams of ‘Get them out’ woke the Robinsons. Matthew smashed his way through the front door, but was beaten back by flames. After hhis mother helped three of the children down the ladder, he climbed into the bedroom to get the others, [6] Thac to feel my way round the room, trying to find the two kids and get them to make some noise, so I could find out where they were! he said, “The boy was in a pretty bad state, almost passed out, They were too shocked to say anything’ 7] He handed Jack to his father Roy, 43, a farm worker, who gave Matthew a damp cloth to put over his face when he went back in to saye Chantelle, Matthew added: ‘Being in the room with all that smoke, I started to panic, wondering whether I would be able to find them or not. It was impossible to see anything” He was taken to Dorset County Hospital, suffering from smoke inhalation, There, hhe was reunited with the grateful family he had just saved. [8] Steve Isaacs, station manager at Weymouth fire station, said: “There was some very, very quick thinking fon. the part of Jackie and Matthew, which certainly helped save some lives. Normally. we would never encourage People to go into a burning building but, ‘on this occasion, it all worked out wel Were still investigating the cause of the fire, but we suspect an electrical fault in the living room? Adapted from wwwdallymail [Link] ilies, scat cate ol Matthew was helped by his parents during the rescue. Matthew has a 16-year old sister called Charlotte. Tracee Barlow was woken by the Robinson family Matthew easily found the children because they were making a lot of noise. The fire service does not want people to enter buildings that are on fire.Uren rete et Exam-style questions 1 Here is a notice from a hotel. Study the notice carefully and answer the questions that follow. Flotel ANSE Dear Guests, ‘The Royale Hotel Anse in Seychelles is an environmentally conscious hotel, and is ‘dedicated tothe protection ofthe environment within the travel and tourism industry. WATER - DID YOU KNOW? 97% of Earths water suppy'is contained in ocesns, and 2% is frozen. This leaves 1% of drinkable water. Wherever you are in the world it is nsy tose that this represents very limited water supply. ‘Showers use 20-30 lites of water per minute Each toilet Hush uses about 15 lites of wate. After drinking a las of water, we use upto two more glasses of water to wath it vena smal slow dip from a tap can waste more than 70 litres in 24 hours A running tap ues upto 20 ites per minute Letting a ap eun while brashing your teeth wastes more water than one person needs o drinkin a week. ‘THE ROYALE HOTEL ANSE IS A WATER-CONSCIOUS HOTEL ‘+ Our chefs wash all vegetables with the plugin the sink, ‘+ All water used inthe hotel for cleaning and washing sreeycledtheough our water= treatment equipment. he hotel gardens are watered using recycled water from the water treatment equipment. * Allthe hotels tps, pipes toilets, showers and bath ae epulaly checked fr leaks by our engineers and immediatly repre necessary. + Inorder to save both water and electricity, dishwashing machines are only switched on wine they are Fl, ‘Our safT undergo regula ealning n environmental issues ‘a Whore is the Royal Hotel Anse? ) b_ How imited is the worta’s water supply? tt) © Which uses more water per minute: @ shower or a running tap? tt d_ What isthe resuit of leting a tap run while you brush your teeth? tt How do the hotel's chefs save water? t When would the hotel's pipes or taps nead to be repaired by the engineers? fi Why are the hotel staff water-conscious? fo Extended Name two other ways in which the Royale Hotel Anse is water-conscious. [2] [Total: 9 Extended, 7 Core]Cambridge IGCSE English as a Second Language DEALING WITH asthma triggers What's a trigger? People with asihma have what's called chronic or continuing foroblem with their aways (he breathing tubes in thelr ngs), which are swollen and ful of mucus. This problem is made worse by esthma triggers, such as animil hair, exercise or smoke. Tigers are substances, weather conditions or activities that are harmiess to most people. But in people with asthma, they can lead to coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. Tiggers don't actualy cause asthma (n0-one knows exactly what does cause'it, but tiggers can lead to asthma symptoms and flare-ups, Every person with asthma has diferent triggers. That's why cats may cause one person's asthma to fare up, but have no impact at all on someone alsa, Some people have one or two triggers others have a dozen, Tigges are sometimes seasonal and may stop affecting a teen with asthma as he or she gets older Common asthma triggers include: colds or the * allergens (things that hair and plant pollen * intants inthe ar 6uch as perfume, smoke and air potion) * weather conditions + exercise cause allergic reactions, such as animal Coping with common triggers Allergens ere one ofthe mast commen asthma Wiggers Allergens inclide moulo, dust mits, cockroaches and polen, ‘nd ftom animals: skin flakes, saliva, urine and feathers. f you think you might have an allergy, tak to a parent or dactor about gy testing Adapted fro In adaition to other treatments for alergies, doctors rscommend avoiding [Link]'t possible to avoid everything, of ‘course, but there are some things you can do: ‘© Keeo your room as clean and dust free as possiole this ‘means vacuuming and dusting weekly and getting rid of Clutter Your old stuffed animals and prize risbons may need [Link] a box in the attic ‘© Wash your sheets weekly in hot water and get rid of feather pilows and comforters. You can get covers for your mattress and pilows that wil help too, ‘Get rd of carpats and curtains. Rugs, cameting and other heavy fabrics can trap allergens that make you I if you have allergies that worsen your astryra, you might also ‘esd to take medication or have allergy injections. Your doctor, will lt you know. In some extreme cases, It may be necessary to receive treatment in a hospital or cinic, but the number of ‘people who need! this has cropped considerably over the past 20 years of $0, as these statistics about hospital visits for people in Australia show. Hospitalisations per 100,000 population — Nlesons = nates ts Fomaiso-16 Female 136 1398 0T-a 7005-06 708-10 Hospital visits for asthma sufferers per 100,000 of the population Irritants are citerent from allergens because they can also affect people who don't have alleroies or asthma, For most people irtants don't create a serious problem, but for people ‘with asthma, they can lead to flare-ups. Common initants Include perfumes, aerosol sprays, cleaning products, wood ‘and tobacco smoke, paint or gas fumes and alr polution. Even things that may seem harmlses, such as scented candies or gue, ae tragers for some people. Ifyou notice that a household product trogers your asthma, ask your family to switch to an unscented or non-aerosol version of i. If smoke bothers you, obviously people smoking around you willbe a trigger. But a fre in the fireplace or woodstove can also be a problem Hf outdoor air polation isa trigger for your asthma, cunning the air conditioner can help. You Gan check air-qualty reports on the news to monitor which days might be bad for you. Then, ‘on days when the quailty 's especially bad, you can stay n ar conditioned comfort, whether i's at your house or the mall2 On page 106 is an internet article about dealing with asthma, a breath’ Problem. Read the article carefully and answer the questions, a What and where are the ‘airways’? What actually causes asthma? Why might @ cat trigger asthma in one person but not in another? ao How many asthma triggers do people have? @ Give two examples of allergens and two examples of iitants. ‘What advice is given for people who think they might have an allergy? 9 Han asthma attack is particularly serious, what might be necessary? hh According to the diagram, which age groups are most likely to receive hospital treatment? i How are irritants different from ellergens? J What should someone do if a household product triggers asthma symptoms? Extended kk According to doctors, what can be done to avoid allergens? Give four pieces of advice, a ol 10) 4 [otal: 15 Extended, 11 Core]Unit 10: Focus on reading and writing skills A Q Speaking rT) 1 Whoare the people in the pictures? What do you know about them? What made them successful and famous? Discuss with a partner. 2 Match the name and two pieces of information to each of the pictures. Ifyou know any more information about any of the people, tell your partner. Names Sarah Attar ZahaHadid Mark Zuckerberg Bruce Lee Information lraqi-British architect competed in 2012 Olympics co-founder ofFacebook filmactor Saudi Arabian studied at American University Beirut died 1973 born 1984 3. What qualities or characteristics do you think make a person successful and famous? Talk about this with your partner. 4 With your partner, talk about the following questions. Then join up with another pair and discuss your ideas Do you think ambition is important? Do you think family and educational backgrounds are important? What about money? What qualities do you think Robert Scott (in Unit 9) had?Unit 10: Focus on reading and writing skills B © @ Reading and writing: Making notes 1 You are going to read about the famous Portuguese footballer Eusébio, Before you read, look at these words and phrases from the text and make sure you havea general idea of what they mean. Discuss the list with your partner and Use paper and digital reference sources to help you. asstinging shot intimidated prolific bewildering ferocious renowned homages runner-up humility 2 Look at these phrases. Which ones do you think you will read in the text? Why? AMozambican-born Portuguese footballer. One of the greatest footballers of alltime He could run 100 metresin 11 seconds. He played for Benfica for 15 out of his 22 years Nicknamed the Black Panther, the Black Pearl or o Re (the King) Heis considered Benfica's and Portugal's most renowned player. 8 Eusébio was an ambassador of football. 3. Skim the text and check your answers to Activities Bl and B2, Eusébio da Silva Ferreira Eusébio da Silva Ferreira (1942-2014) was a ‘Mozambican-bom Portuguese footballer. Although bom in Mozambique and with an Angolan father, Eusébio could only play for the Portuguese team, since both Mozambique and Angola were ‘overseas torttories and their inhabitants ‘were considered to have Portuguese nationality, He is regarded as one of the (greatest foothallers of alltime. During, this professional carear, he ‘scored 733 goals in ‘745 matches, He ‘was capable of bewildering stil, possessed asuinging shot and it was said he could run 100 metres in 11 seconds, He also had the physical and ‘mental strength not to be sntimidated by anyone, Busébio helped the Portuguese national team ‘each third place at the 1986 World Cup, being the top goal scorer of the tournament, with nine goals (including four in one match against North Korea) for which he received the Bronze Ball award. He ites cfie22 yout wot ne beg aly sseciinipi ie Pogue cll Gee esiaeieak Coie hc gas eet nh Cate AtBancten won 11 Pein ig tien, ag engl» Sopot Gop 61-6 ca hie! am feet eee cous Ove se Eicon Cup op sor 155 16 ond 16H ao bance ea ea a epee oe) ‘ec even tne He ws he ea poe wn thetic el ine baie ed sins Neknaned th Bc Putt Back Pato ZT fe eG ea ac spe oy tea end tro occ Sod da, ming im an acing rae onl acct and cs foe gece ie rein sy Mow cana Sendo and etucne estrone pay dowel the first world-class African strikers, Tm he eee nl ncn Seay 2 sin tn entre coal nt von goat ated parr ea fc loa iy, ce soon Fes by IPA BTA te Forme sal Pertion and es es ors aa coe: Pe eae ted Foal ei er Aste Sion See ee ee erin sd We Eso eo iene entSe acetal eee a etc Q————_+ oO | TOP TIPS You only need to make brief notes for each heading. Your notes must be related to the text you have read. In the text about Eusébio, for ‘example, under the heading Nationality and family, you could make the note: born in ‘Mozambique, Angolan father. TOP TIPS Remember that there might be more than three pieces of information in the text fora particular heading, but you only need to make notes for each bullet point. If you write four pieces of information when there are only three bullets (and three marks) you can stil only receive three marks! Read the text again and answer these questions. What was Eusébio's nationality? Why was Eusébio not permitted to play for Mozambique or Angola? Why was Eusébio not afraid of other footballers? In which tournament did Eusébio score four times in one game? What did Eusébio win before anyone else? What particular skills helped Eusébio to score so many goals? What caused Eusébio's opponents to praise him? You have decided to tell your school sports club about Eusébio, but first you need to make some notes in order to prepare your talk. Which three of the following headings do you think would be suitable to help you make your notes. Why? Home and education Nationality and family Physical skills Achievements in football Hobbies and interests The best three headings are Nationality and family, Physica skills and Achievements in football. Make three notes under each © Reading You are going to read another text, about a different type of person. Look at this list of eight phrases taken from the text and try to guess what type of person you are going to read about. Work with your partner and give reasons for your answers. a dolphin in danger arriotously colourful woman Prime Minister needs to raise £24 million a year severe dyslexia ‘one focus: the children 11,000 volunteers parental love and care Which of the following people do you think the text is about? Discuss with a partner and give reasons for your choice. Firacingdriver footballer musician politician zookeeper charity worker Quickly scan the text on page 111 and check your answers to Activities C1and C2. Do not worry about trying to fill n the gaps in the text for the moment.Unit 10: Focus on reading and writing skills Fighting for for vulnerable children never ends [1] ... who sits some distance away, behind a closed door, she lets out a curious, high-pitched noise. It is not a Particularly nice noise — you instinctively think of a dolphin in danger ~ but it is effective. She does it twice while I'm in her company and both times her dutiful PA comes running, (21 ... Kids Company, are as remarkable, and awe-inspiring, as the other, Here is a riotously colourful woman, who has given up a private life to help some of the country’s most vulnerable children survive and, in many cases, thrive, in a fashion that many can only sit back and admire, but not, seemingly, copy. ‘Oh, T've had all sorts of politicians admit to me, privately, that they know at children’s social services are not working! Batmanghelidjh tells me in her office. “The trouble is, its not something they want to go near. If you are a Prime Minister coming into power, you suddenly get hijacked by national and international issues, and you have to prioritise. Political life is short. But the fact remains that there hasn't been areal recovery plan for children in this country since Victorian times [3] ... to rectify this, she will tell you herself that “its hard work: To keep the “organisation ticking over ~ it works with approximately 36,000 children — she needs to raise £24 million annually, or € million @ month, The vast majority of money comes from public donations ‘T call myself the Fat Beggar’ she says, laughing. ‘Our donations come from 75,000 different sources a year, and Ym sure many of those sources wish I would just go away and leave them alone. But, haha, I wont! [4] ... Her family left Tehran in the late 1970s and settled in the UK, where, despite severe dyslexia, she did well ‘Adapted from www [Link].k at school. She went on to become a psychotherapist before, frustrated by the limitations under which social services operates, she set up her charity in 1996. Some 95% ofall children who call into one of its drop-in centres in London and Bristol self-refer, drawn to an organisation. seemin lunhindered by the bureaucracy that stops governments from operating well increasingly {5] ... she explains, is holistic. It does not have different divisions for diferent problems. Instead, it simply has one focus: the children. And soit assists with teaching troubled teens, but also Provides safe houses and offers hot meals and food vouchers to any family that comes asking. It will even accompany children on appointments to the dentist and doctor. For this, it needs a workforce greater than the full-time staff of 361 Which is where the 11,000 volunteers come in, [6] ... is most routinely asked is why a charity has to carry out such clearly crucial work that should be government policy: Her answer is the stulf of headlines, “This country has a deep wound in relation to its attitude to childhood? she says, adding that the country is frequently found at the bottom of the league of the 21 ‘wealthiest countries in terms of well-being for its children, funds the next generation to indulge in childhood so much as to simply prepare them for adulthood ‘as if childhood were simply a waiting-room’ And, of those children troubled, the impulse is to simply label them accordingly and attempt damage control ‘a child flourishes with parental love and care} she says, ‘then in the absence of that love and care, the state has to find a way to do it. That’ the ambition here! consideredeT a ceca eee eer eas 4 The opening words from each paragraph have been removed. Scan the text again and decide which ofthe phrases from the list below fitthe paragraphs. Be careful! There are three extra phrases that you do not need to use. ‘Although Batmanghelidjh has worked tirelessly However, she believes that, Batmanghelidjh and her organisation, Batmanghelidjhis of Iranian and Belgian descent. Many have told her this... One of the questions Batmanghelidjh... She suggests that we don't permit Since that time, The charity's approach, J When Camila Batmanghelidjh needs the help of her personal assistant, 5 Work witha partner and answer the following questions. Use paper and digital reference sources to help you, as well as the strategies in Unit 9 for understanding words you don’t know (see page 101). Look at paragraphs 1 and 2. What do the following words and phrases mean? (i high-pitched noise (i instinctively (iil) dutifully (iv) awe-inspiring (v) iotously (vi) vulnerable (vii) have to prioritise b Lookat paragraphs 3 and 4. Find words or phrases that havea similar meaning to the following, (find the answer to contributions i) working normally (iv) unsatisfied () unrestricted © Look at these words from paragraphs § and 6. Copy the table into your notebook, then filin as many gaps as possible. LANGUAGE TIP In English, words ending in -lyare usually adverbs (for ‘example differently and routinely), but there are also -ly words that are not adverbs - for example lovely and friendly, which are both adjectives. Other examples are family and apply, which are anoun and aver respectively. | differently [ 4 Lookat the whole text (i) Find all the -l adverbs, What do they mean? ) Do the words have adjective and noun forms? Ifso, what are they? Write a lis. } iUnit 10: Focus on reading and writing skills 6 Write answers to the following questions. Find the key word/s first. Remember to keep your answers brief, but include all the necessary information. Check your answers with your partner. 2 How does Batmanghelidjh contact her personal assistant? b_ Who has told Batmanghelidjh that support for children is not effective? ‘¢ How much money is needed each year to keep Kids Company running? 4 Where does Kids Company receive its money from? Why did Batmanghelidjh create her own charity? {How does kids Company help children? Give four ideas, 8 How many people get paid to work for Kids Company? fh What do you think Batmanghelidjh means when she describes childhood as ‘awaiting-room’? D @ Writing: Making notes 1 Look at this exam-style question. What exactly do you have to do? Discuss with your partner. Do net write anything yet. Read the article and then write notes on Camila Batmangheiidih. 2 You are going to make some notes about Camila Batmanghelidjh. First, look at the three headings (a-c) for your notes. Then decide under which heading the information (-ii) should go. Give reasons. Does your partner agree? @ Batmangheligjh’s early years () 11,000 volunteers b Facts about Kids Company (ii) provides safe houses © How Kids Company helps (ii Iranian and Belgian parents children 3 Write notes about Camila Batmanghelidjh, Put the information into chronological (time) order, if possible. 4 Foreach of the notes you have just written, decide ifit belongs under heading a, borc from Activity D2. 5 Compare your notes with your partner's. Have you included the same information? Check that you have both written notes rather than full sentences. 6 Imagine that your teacher has asked you to write a summary of the text about Camila Batmanghelidjh. Using your notes from Activity D4, write the summary. Use your own words as faras possible. @ Reading and vocabulary 1 You are going to read about an Indian man, Nelson Suresh Kumar, who has ridden his motorcyele on the world’s highest motorable (for motor vehicles) road - the Khardung La. Before you read, work with a partner and answer the following questions.hazafia Look at the map and find Chandigarh (Kumar's starting point) and the khardung La. b Describe Kumar's route. Which places did he travel through? Use the information on the map. ¢ How far do you think Kumar travelled? Chandigarh to Shimla is about 120 kilometres. Use this information to roughly calculate the distances between these places: Shimla to Kalpa, Kalpa to Nako, Nako to Tabo, Tabo to Leh, Leh to Khardung La. What is the approximate total distance? 4. Use paper or digital references sous [Link] the meaning of these geographical features. cafioRiedta chica deserts glaciers gorges gravel lakes mountains mud plains rivers sanddunes slush snow valleys llanura, aguanieve Inthe text, Kumar mentions many geographical features. Decide which ones from thelist above you think you will read about. Give reasons for your choice. 4 Kumarmentions only one animal. Do you think this will be donkey, bird, snake, camel, izard or catfish? Give reasons for your choice. Kumar mentions one other interesting feature. Choose which one you think itwill be. Give reasons for your choice. the world’s highest battlefield bright orange sand a cave village in the mountains a telecommunications radar The following words and phrases appear in the text. Use paper or digital reference sources to make sure you understand what they mean. accessible biodiversity enroute entire feat fuelledhispassion resembles. Skim the text and check your answers to Activities Elf and Elg only. Do not worry about the gaps at the moment.gorge:cafion o Gareth Kurt Warren talks to motorcycling enthusiast Nelson Suresh Kumar about his Himalayan motorcycle diaries, riding the Khardung La, the world’s highest motorable road. [1] Welcome tothe geography of superlatives: the highest ™ountains, the deepest gorges, and some ofthe greatest displays of). onthe planet. Travelling Aros Abi ay icmemcoikaui ae ae than wives ict anne coe wee srcofen niudglf BABU SEEN our ed cane ces oreo casa eee ee ppeberinaina yas raider {2] Before leaving his native India, Kumar rode his motoreycle across the (890M untry But he didn’ stop there. In 2008, he arranged (and successfully completed) a ride from Argentina to Alaska, making him the only Indian top Pan-American solo Fide over that distance. And it was a (c) {3] ‘During the 91-day ie from South America to North America, I decided to make my hobby a busines he $3). Once back in Dubai, Kumar’ current residence, he partnered with afew ‘ofhis friends to start a motorcycle touring company and began ‘organising motorcycle tits in India, Nepal and Bhutan, and then in Thailand, Sri Lanka and South Afi. {4] One of the most popula ides ithe Himalayan Mok», Adventure aide to Khardung Ln Lely Lidl, the Highest ‘potorabe pas inthe world. This mountain pas i 3 ateay to the famous Siachen Glacier, she secondlongettlacier tthe worldsnon-polarareas, andthe World's highest bitfield,“ that further (afulled his Unit 10: Focus on reading and writine sti: (5) This route has the most beautiful valleys along with numerous ‘mountain passes. It is also one of the most remote and thinly. Populated areas inthe world; says Kumar. The route to Leh is (©)... only for four months in a year, from June to September, since the entire area is covered in snow forthe rest of the year. [6] We startin Chandigarh and then head through Shimla, We then get ofthe highways and onto smaller narrow roads to Kalpa, ‘The next day, we ride through the Spti Valley and visit the Moon Lake Villages of Nako and Tabo, and Buddist monasteries{f) [OUtE explains Kumar, The route continues through the Moree Plains. ‘Afiera stop atthe Leh Palace, the riders continue on to Khardung La, reaching a height of more than 5000 metres above sea level, [7] ‘You have paved roads, gravel, mountain tracks and about 30 Water crossings, riding in mud, sush and snow, through deserts, valleys and lakes; he adds. ‘t have ridden half ofthe world, but nothing compares to this place? {8 Sometimes riders do not stop at Khardung La, and travel as far as the Nubra Valley in jammu and Kashmir about 100 kilometres from Leh, Kumar says this valley isa site worth seeing due to ‘the sand dune deserts at $000 metres above sea level. The Nubra valleys white sand that (g .. sugar andl travellers can see th ‘extremely rare and, rtially endangered double-humped Bactrian ore ell :Seat TOP TIPS Read summary questions, such as Fl, very carefully Make sure you understand ‘exactly what you have to write about. isthe question asking you to summarise the whole text, or only a part (or parts) ofit? In the question here, you only need to summarise the geographical features Kumar describes on the Himalayan Mot Adventure -not the whole text Read the textin more detail and check your answers to Activity Ele, Then fillin the gaps a-g using an appropriate word or phrase from Activity E2. ‘Answer the following questions about the text. Where was Kumar born? How long did the solo ride take? When did Kumar decide to start his tour company? What happened on the world’s second longest glacier? Give four geographical features of the Himalayan Moto Adventure. ‘Apart from geographical features, what other things can be seen on the Himalayan Moto Adventure? Name three. & Why isthe Himalayan Moto Adventure only possible during four months? h_ What is unusual about the animal in danger of extinction? @ writing Look at this exam-style question. What exactly do you have to do? Do net write anything yet. Read the article and then write a summary of the geographical features that Kumar describes on the Himalayan Mot Adventure. Scan the text on page 115 and find the relevant information to answer the question. Make written notes. Notice that the first three paragraphs do not refer to the Himalayan Mot Adventure, so your summary will be based on the information in the remaining paragraphs. For example: Example: Khardung La is highest motorable pass in the worl. Gateway to Siachen Glacier, second longest glacier in the non-polar world, Beautiful valleys with many mountain passes. Discuss what you have found with your partner. Do you agree with each other? Think how you are going to join the information together. Remember that you are not writing a composition, but you still need to use ‘signpost words’. ‘Which ones might be suitable for this summary (furthermore, for example)? Work with a partner to make a list. Read this answer to the summary exam-style question, written by a student. ‘As you read, check how many of your own ideas from Activity F2 are included. Which ofthe signpost words you thought of in Activity F3 are included?SU erated ets] 6 Using the same text, write a summary of Kumar’s ride from Chandigarh to Khardung La. Follow the guidelines below. Make written notes about the key information. b Think about which ‘signpost’ words you should use to join the information together. € Usea short introductory sentence to start your summary. 4. Write about 100 words and no more than 120 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 7 Read your partner's summary to see if they have included similar information. G © O Listening and speaking 2 @ You are going to listen to someone briefly: ‘describing Khardung La. Asyou listen, answer these questions. 2 How long doesit take to drive from Leh to Khardung La? b How sit possible to keep the roads open for vehicles? € When was the pass first opened? 4 Where do visitors to Khardung La have their photos taken? 2 Compare your answers with your partner’s and then read the audioscript on page 199 to check, 3. Discuss these questions in small groups. a Would you like to visit Khardung La? Why, or why not? 'b_ How do you feel about so many travellers visiting places such as Khardung La? What might the result be? © Kumar changed his job from being a financial advisor to an organiser of motorbike adventures. Which job would you prefer? Why? H @ Further practice Write 1 Write a detailed physical description of someone: you know. It could be a family, member or a friend. Write 150-200 words (Extended) or 100-150 words (Core). Read and answer 2 Read the article on page 118, then answer the questions below. Find the key Word/sfirst and remember to keep your answers brief, but include all the necessary information, @ Forhow many years have the twins been apart? b Why were the twins separated? When did the twins begin to find out the truth about each other? What did the twins find out when they first tried to meet Dr Neubauer? List two things that Dr Neubauer tried to do when he met the twins, Why can’t the twins find out much information from the study? Why do Paula’s brother and husband feel threatened by Elyse?Twins, reunite Ting lot 35 Years OF Kia experlenes, the wens wanted ‘confront Dr Peter Neubauer about what had happened tothem- fl although the discovered they had been dropped quite early on from | thetwin std, At Gat he refasd to speak them, butevenually | agreed tos meeting Twas qulte surreal says Paula who recalsher | twin ster flings that "Wwe were hs Kind of lab rt” coming back to ee the great doctor? *Webad al these questions for him. Bute was very qu totum f the tables and it was clear that he was seeing this as an opportunity to t aie So eeks aA eer ‘Tomect them today, you woud imagine hat they had known cich questions they have. And the records ofthe study are seed until 206, ‘other ll theives. They share an easy intimacy that ges the “I was obviously about nature versus nurture! ays Paul, But there impression that identical twins Elyse Schein and Panla Resin ere other sues that we thought they might have Dee intrested in, {id not spend their irs 35 years in total ignorance ofthe other one of them being the hereditary natreof meta ines! = existence. They were given up for adoption to separate failies 8x And fom their researches, the twins have learned that their part of an experiment in the US to discoverhow identical twins pith mather did spend part ofher ie in pychiatric cre, Nor do the would rect oben ase in diferent family backgrounds, ‘women feel that they got what they wanted fom Dr Neubauer." really Neither set of adoptive parents knew the babies were part of yas hoping that he would take responsiblity for what he had done so stody or that they had been born wins. the research project took many years ago! sya Elyse place under the guidance of leading US child psychologist with the cooperation of prestigious New York adoption agency Louise Wise Paula, "No matter what we can make up forthe 35 yers that we oe, Neither Paula nor Elyse feel they have received answers to all the “He refuses to be open tothe possibilty that they were wrong? says Services. wast uni Elyse Schein contacted the agency in 2003 0 We ae diferent people because of being separated. Wedon' regret the | find out more details about her birth that the truth began to emerge. ives we've led, but meeting each other and the difficulties that we faced | ‘When the agency contacted Elyse’ newly discovered older sister in our relationship, the absurdity of having to get to know a twin, who | Paula, the two women were quite quickly in touch andarranged 10 was esenillya strangers very painfal” } meetin a café in New York, Finding cach other has been challenging, es well as joyful. "For my ‘When Paula sv lyse forthe first ime, she was leased08€ _pucband and myrbrother too ays Paula you knowin some ways1 | that as similar as they looked, each was unique. Important dates and times + separated for 35 years s 3 How the twins met arranged to meet in café 4 ‘The twins feelings now + stil want answers don't regret theirlives ‘think it was a threat to them. My brother and I were always on an equal footing, We were both adopted and didn't know any biological siblings. ‘And now suddenly Pm twin, And who could be closer to someone than a twin? What’ funny is we've kind of come ful circle says Elyse. We ‘were initially twins, which was biological bond, and then nowIsay | that we've adopted each other. Now were family by choice? Adapted from news bbe couk. | ‘The photo shows Hlyse Schein and Paula Bernskin, authors of [dentical Strangers: A Memoir of Twins Separated and Reunited. Write and present You are going to give a talk about Elyse and Paula to your class. Copy and complete the notes on the left to use as the basis for your talk, Make six mote points, two under each heading, Read and summarise Read the article again, then write a summary of how Elyse and Paula came to be together after being separated at birth and how they reacted when they met. Use the notes you made in Activity H3 to help you.Exam-style questions Unit 10: Focus on reading and writing skills 1 Read the following article about some of the islands in the Indian Ocean The It’s better in the Indian Ocean... The Maldives, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles ‘The Maldives came late to international tourism development, and have attempted to avoid many of the negative effects on the local economy and the environment seen in other parts of the world. There are strict controls on the development ‘of resorts, and only certain of the individual islands may bbe developed for tourism. This, and the fact thatthe largest island has an area of 13 square kilometres, means that usually 4 single resort occupies an entire island, becoming effectively ahotel with a beach instead of walls. n complete the activity on page 120. Virtually all food, apart from fish, is imported and this ‘means that prices are comparatively high, The Maldives have aimed for the top end of the tourist market and this could be both good and bad: bad because you may not be able to afford to visit; good because, if you can afford to go there, there will not be crowds of tourists going with you. ‘The Maldives are more sea than land, so there isan abundance of beautiful diving sites, and the country has a well-deserved reputation as one of the best diving regions in the world. If you want warm Water, excellent visibility up to 50 metres and an abundance of sa life, you cannot go wrong, However, if volcanoes are more to your liking, the voleanic ‘islands of Mauritius and Réunion (both situated about 1000 |llometres to the east of Madagascar) offer the chance to ‘explore beautiful beaches and lunar-like landscapes. The central plateau of Mauritius is surrounded by mountains, including Pitom de la Rviére Noire (826 metres) The beaches, fringed by palm trees, offer a range of activities, from snorkelling through the coral reefs to sailing, tennis and volleyball. The climate of both islands is tropical with heavy rains in winter, Sugar-cane plantations cover extensive areas, along with tea and tobacco on Mauritius. Seychelles, an archipelago of more than 90 islands, is abundant in coral reef; 40 of the islands are mountainous, and Just over 50 are smaller coral islands, Only the largest islands are inhabited, and the economy depends heavily on tourism, Which employs about 30% of the workforce, With the tropical climate, there is heavy rainfall but plentiful vegetation, Area Population Capital Maldives 298 kn? 311,000 Male Maurits 1860? 1,190,000 Port Louis Réunion 2510km? 733,000 se-Denis Seychelles 455km? 80,000, Viewer eye eu Re Ute You are going to give a talk for a geography project about some of the islands inthe Indian Ocean. You have decided to use information from this article in your talk. To help you plan your talk, make short notes under each of the following headings. a Maldives: development of tourism b Maldives: scuba-diving Mauritius and Réunion: geography a 4. Seychelles: the islands @ Total: 9] 2 Read the following article about the origins of pizza. \ explaining tea summary * the development of pizza up to and including 1858 * the popularity of pizza today. Your summary should be about 100 words long (and no more than 120 words} You should use your own words as far as possible ‘You will receive up to 6 marks for the content of your summary and up to 5 marks for the style and accuracy of your language. Pizza, Pizza, Pizza “The origins f pizza can be traced back tothe Romans, who baked atype of bread called pica, At the end of the first millennium and the beginning of the second, the name pizza had already become accepted, although the fat, round thing produced from the early medieval oven stil looked very much like an ordinary at cake. It was a long tig aya fgemsine Neapolitan piza with tomato sauce, anchovies, eapers and mozzarella came into existence. A recipe from 1858 describes something much more ike the popalar food we know as piza today. This early recipe describes a piece of dough (the piza ‘bread’ rolled out into flat, round shape, using a rolling pin or the hands, and covered with any food available, topped with oll and then baked in an oven. The ingredients, such as chopped garlic, cheese, herbs and thin slices of fish. Iteven mentions thatthe pizza dough could be folded over in half to make what we now know as pizea calzone ‘Sock pizza Forallong time, piza remained a regional specialty. Other produets from the south of Italy spread slowly b ‘but pizza was slower to travel. It fist made a detour to New York in the USA, where people bought the dough bread with its delicous cipe also lists other urdy tothe north, [Total: 11] toppings from street-vendors and ate it asa snack between meals “The frst ‘Neapolitan’ pizzeria opened in New Yorkin 1905. Sixty years later, pizza had become established not only in the USA, but so eagerly eaten in northern Europe. It was only in Taly ~ with the exception of Naples ~ that pizza remained relatively unknown, ‘This nutritious snack did not make its entrance into Rome and the northern parts of Italy until the 1970s and 1980s Today, however, piza is even mentioned in Guinness World Records, The society of piza-makers regularly organises competitions Jn which the most talented pizaiolt(pizza-makers) are rewarded, not only for unusual creations, but also for their sometimes acrobatic sls when throwing the thin, at cakes of dough into the air and catching them again, Inthe 21st century, piza is eaten all over the world and has pethaps overtaken spaghetti as out idea of typical Italian food. Even in the most remote towns and villages there i often somewhere to buy pizza and, in large cities, a whole army of pizza-delivery restaurants advertise their products. Supermarkets sll all ypes of frozen pizza ina wide price range and, if you want to try your skis 35 piseaioio, your local market is suze to sell all the necessary Ingredients. Buon apperiol Adapted from Culinaria alyinimmen cele KoA MUL t ta als A Q Speaking 1 Witha partner, lookatthe pictures below. Where do you thnk the people are? What are they doing? Have you ever done this type of thing? If not, would you like to? 2° Look at these icons from a web page advertising activity holidays for teenagers. What do you think the icons mean? Match each one toa picture in Activity AL PRS Mee 3 Lookat the second set of icons for activity-holiday destinations, then answer these questions with your partner. (ees A bs Which continents or regions do the icons represent? Try to name at least three countries in each continent or region. Which continent or region do you live in? Where exactly? Have you ever visited any of the other continents or regions? What did you do there? @ Which continent or region do you think would be best for the holidays in Activities AL and A2? Why?Ce aT ea cea ae ee ecu erty B © Reading 1 You are going to read some information about an organisation that arranges summer adventure programmes for teenagers. Before you read the texts, discuss with a partner what you know about these four destinations. If you live in one of them, talk about the others! Use paper or digital reference sources to find out two things about each of the four destinations. Make notes on: location, size, population, climate, geography, fauna and wildlife, and so on. b Leeward Islands d Australia 2 Look at the map and identify the location of each of the four destinations. in Activity B1. Hint: three are in the western hemisphere and one is in the eastern hemisphere. 3. Read this information and decide which of the four destinations each one refersto. 1a Separated from South America by the Pacific Ocean, this group of islands is an extremely important biological area. b Positioned right at the top of the Caribbean island chain, this group of 36 small islands is characterised by steep green hills and white-sand beaches. Around them lie the clear blue waters of the Sir Francis Drake Channel, «the sixth largest country in the world. Here, you can find the world’s biggest coral ecosystem - the Great Barrier Reef. d__... scattered from the Virgin Islands, southwards to Antigua. The best- known islands of this group include St Kitts, Nevis, St Barts and St Martin, 4 Work in groups of four. You will each receive a different text about one of the holiday destinations (see page 12). Skim your text, but do not show it to the others in your group. Check your answers to Activity B3.5 Unit 11: Focus on writing skills Look at these eight questions. You will find the answers to two of them in your text. Read your text again in more detail and decide which two questions you can answer. Write the answers in your notebook. What is the only living organism visible from outer space? Where can you do a wide range of water sports? Where can you find over 100 islands? Which destination includes a distance of 2000 kilometres? Which istands display both cultural and geological diversity? Which destination offers both mainland: and istand-based activities? Which islands are good for sailing? hy Which islands are ideal for exploring? Inyour groups of four, carry out the following activities. a Tellyour group which of the destinations is yours. Find out from the group the answers to the other six questions in Activity BS. Inyour group, answer these questions, a What do you think about organised activity holidays, such as the ones described in this unit? What do you think the advantages and disadvantages might be? b_ Would you like to visit any of the four destinations described? If yes, which one/s? Ifnot, why not? ¢ Agree with your partners on one or two more places that would be ideal as activity holiday destinations. Give reasons. Find out two more pieces of information about the destination in your text and report back to your group. Use paper or digital reference sources to help you. © Listening What do you know about Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS)? What is the purpose of the organisation? Are you a member or do you know someone who is a member of WAGGGS (or the equivalent for boys) ora similar organisation? What do its members do? Discuss with a partner. In 1997, the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts joined a scheme called HARP - the Health of Adolescent Refugees Project - which is being run in three countries: Uganda, Zambia and Egypt. You are going to listen to someone from the Girl Guides being interviewed about the project. Before you listen, look at these words that are used in the talk. Discuss each word with 2 partner and try to agree on its meaning, Do not look up the meanings yet. adequate f neglects k sanitary b compromised nutritional \ seltesteem counterparts h peer m transition curricula i preferential vulnerable discriminate i prevalent Check the meaning of each word from Activity C2 using paperor digital reference sources.ete ol clei ree TOPTIPS | | When writingin English, you may be asked to write anarticle or narrative, orto give a simple description, ‘or to write something persuasive. Itisimportant that you read the que: very carefully and that you express yourself effectively You should also show that you canary the style of your writing, depending on the topic. Remember to use formal and less formal styles, as appropriate to the task See tet 4 @ Listen to Kigongo Odok interviewing Namono Alupo and briefly answer these questions, You do not need to write anything, a According to Namono Alupo, [Link] an adolescent? b_ How many of her peersis each girl expected to reach? 5 @ Listen again. As you listen, write down the words from Activity C2 in the order that you hear them. Compare your answers with a partner. 6 Work with the same partner. Each of you should write five questions that relate to factual information in the interview. Student A should use the first half ofthe interview and Student B the second half. Your teacher will tell you which part ofthe interview on pages 197-8 to look at. When you have written your questions, exchange them with your partner and answer each other's Questions. Check each other's answers. -— LANGUAGE TIP Eitheris always paired with or and neither is always paired with nor. Both are Used to show that two ideas are linked together. Notice these examples of neither ...nor from the listening activity: + neither children nor adults are adolescents neither animal feed nor cooking fuels always readily available. ‘Sometimes there is confusion about whether to have a singular ora plural verb after either... or and neither ..tor, but there Isa simple rule: if one or both elements are plural, use a plural verb (are in the first example); if both elements are singular, use a singular verb (is in the second example above). D @ writing 1 These four key words have been removed from the exam-style question below: explain, describe, suggest, write. What do the words tell you to do? Do they all mean the same thing? 2 Read the exam-style question and fill in each gap with an appropriate verb: from Activity Di. Then decide what you have to do to answer the question, Discuss with a partner. Do not write anything yet. ‘You have just spent a day with one of the gis involved in the HARP project, (@) ... an article for your school magazine in which you: {) ... the git and where she came from (0)... what you learned during your day with her (d) ... waysin which your school and your frends could helo HARP. Your article should be 150-200 words long (Extended) or 100-150 words long (Core). ‘You will receive up to 10/7 marks for the content of your article and up to 9/6 ‘marks for the style and accuracy of your language.TOPTIPS Insome writing tasks, you may be given a stimulus or prompts to help you. These could be pictures or comments, often written as ‘speech bubbles. 3 Readthisanswerwrittenbya student iresponseto the questionin Exercise D2 ‘The girl met was named FatimaJawali and she was aged 17 yearsold:She came here last week to explain me about the HARP project and the work she 'sdoing there. lleamed that she has been doing it for two years now and ie using mary [Link] books, songs and poems: She works with Girls the same age as she lo, bt there are diferent ages groups as well. When ‘She will complete her work she willto get a badge. She ls trained by alocal ‘refuge leader. When she will get-the badge Fatima willto go to aeehher friende {and explain them about the situation. She wil take her books and songs and poems with her face and teach them what:she learned. When she will teach 25 friends she will to get.a gold certificate ‘4 Teuiriterortheraticl as ried Some mistakesrWithia partnedidentityine mistakes, but do net rewrite the article. Don't just think about spelling anc srammar mistakes ~ also consider whether or not the writer has answered the question. ® Isanything missing from the answer? = (sthelayout correct? = What about the length? = Isthere repetition? "Does the writer use range of vocabulary? S Usethemotes below to rite VoUraWnlansWer tothe questioninACtiyD? You may add ideas of your own, but try to include all the information the {question asks for. Remember that the limit is 150-200 words for Extended (100-150 for the Core curriculum, ‘Fatima Jawall:17 tall: from'smalt village Uganda; three brothers;two sisters, both parents missing during recent conflicts. ‘SsNotks With HARP lear abOUEproBlenstacecibyrefligees from Zambia and own country, such as food and hygiene issues * Started two years ago; uses posters, songs, poems and role plays + Creates flipbook which contains everything learned. + When finished learning will goto friends and educate them using flipbook + Must try to reach 25 friends. + Richer countries can help by donating funds = maybe book sale at schoo! ‘or sponsored carwash? & Exchange your writing with a partner, Use the checklist in Activity D4 to check theirwork. E Q Speaking ‘SuWvhatdo youthinicabout HARP? DaVeuTthinkitisanetectivewayRa: help people who might have lost: ‘their family and belongings? why? 2” What can youas an individual do to help people who areless fortunate than you? ‘Would you consider joining an organisation such as HARP? Why, or why not?itty Read and answer 4 Read the article on page 127 and then answer the questions below. Listthe three aims of the Soma Akriton organisation. Who oversees the activities of the organisation’ How are the 150 members of Soma Akriton grouped at the moment? What particular qualities should the group's leaders possess? What equipment is used on hiking expeditions and survival excursions? Which two organisations have supported Soma Akriton’s efforts to protect the environment? How is the ciulisation of Cyprus investigated?Toe Akriton - an independent youth group. ‘At the beginning of 1998, a group of concerned people in Cyprus decided to set up a new organisation Se eer ee en eee eer ae ene ‘On 14th March 1998, in the Kaimakii area of Nicosia, Soma Akriton was established - its main aims being. to offer knowledge and new ideas to the youth of Cyprus, to reinforce the ideals of good citizenship and So ee ee ee ert an elected council, Soma Akriton organises youth groups in the Nicosia area. The groups are divided by age: 6-11 years, 11-15 yoars, 15-18 years and over 18 years. Currently, there are five groups, with ‘more than 150 children and young people participating in a rich and varied programme of events during the months of September to June, when the members meet every Saturday afternoon. Each group is directed by a leader and two or three assistants, all of whom have considerable experience in working with children of all ages. The leaders are all university or college graduates; they are people with high ideals and a desire to give something back to society. Deere nad en eed ee ee Raising awareness and campaigning for ee the protection of the environment is a top ee ety See ec eas ere European Union has given financial support SU eo rene kee ee) Ce ee ace ee Cte Sie ed Se eee eee ce) Ce eed cents Rn ae ec eee ck eee Petras Crean Ree or Cen eed ec) Coe as etd ee eee ee Pee tne a resfee oa cect eee eur Tae Exam-style questions P ‘ 1. You recently took part in your schoo'’s end-of-year performance. Write a letter or email to a friend telling them about the event. In your letter/email you should: * tell your friend what the event was and what you were doing in it * explain what you did to prepare for the performance '* describe what happened at the event and how the audience reactad to it. Your email should be 150-200 words long (Extended) or 100-150 words long (Core). The pictures above may give you some ideas and you should try to use some ideas of your own, 2 The tourist organisation in your country is trying to encourage people not to take their holidays ebroad, Here are some comments that have been made in letters to an online newspaper. Write an article for ur school magazine, giving your views, lf more of us took our holidays here, it would create morejobs and improve the local economy. Staying here does nothing toimprove our awareness of the rest of the world. Your article should be 150-200 words long (Extended) or 100-150 words long (Core) The comments above may give you some ideas and you should try to use some ideas of your own, You will eceive up to 10 marks for the content of your email and up to 9 marks for the style and accuracy of your language.‘TEXT 4: Australia Situated in the eastern hemisphere, Australia isthe sixth largest country in the world. Here, you can find the world’s biggest coral ecosystem - the Great Barrier Reef Stretching roughly 2000 kilometres, the reefs the only living ‘organism that can be seen from outer space and is the ideal setting for many of our adventure activities, Our Australian Expedition will take you from Sydney in the south to Cape Tribulation in the north, Along the way, you'll enjoy diving, trekking, sailing, surfing and community service, ‘spafoid ao1nsos ‘Aajunuiuos pue suonipedxe sayem-ouyan saioyues aya Jo sino3-009 s@prjaul ‘tuuresBoud ay ‘spuejsi soBedeje9 aig pue sopens3 jo puglulew ayy uaantaq aueys S| aamuenpe sng suo} eas pue seuendi ‘suInBuad ‘sasioy0) queIe 248 3491) 295 UeD no‘ sjewjue Buzewe arp Suowy “ease je>/30}01q ueLsoduAl Ajauiasyx9 Ue s1 spueis jo dnos8 sip ‘uead9 ayDeq aur Aq e2yaluy Yyn0s WOl} Payeiedas ‘o8e sie9k uomu » noge pautioy sem - spue}si oor uel a10u! Suistiduioa - oBejadiyaue soBedejea ayy ‘avoydsiway wiajsom aia ul paxemnis 4opensg pue soBedeje9 :¢ 1x31, TEXT 2: The Leeward Islands of the Caribbean Situated in the western hemisphere, the Leeward Islands are scattered from the Virgin Islands, southwards to Antigua. The best-knowin islands ofthis group include St kitts, Nevis, St Barts and St Martin. although they covers a small ‘geographic area, the islands reveal great geological and cultural diversity, with 2 great variety of customs, languages and currencies. Some islands are green and mountainous, others are dry and flat. This adventure programme offers ‘onger-distance sailing for both beginners and experienced sailors, and you'll have many opportunities for exploring! ‘aay souuuesSoid Bu1uIen ‘imuanpe jo Aia{4e4 sopim sno Jao am Aya seip - s4/0ds 18}e7 Jo aBueL 2PM 2 Jo} 399}.9d 5) WawiUOsUe BuIUUM)s sy, youUeYD a¥eIQ SUEY IS aL J0 S/@eM an)q Je9}2 242 aI] wat punouy seydeaq pues-2yym pue sjjy Usa13 dees Aq pasuiet2eiey> si spue}si jews 9¢ jo dou siya ‘uley> pues ueaqque> 240 doy a43 7614811 pauonsog ‘Suiwp pue Burjes yioq 10) uoneunsap pa}8d aun ove spue}s] wBLIA Ysnig ayy ‘ai9ydsiwoy Wiaysom au UI payenais Spuejsi wiS41A YsAiug =I LxaL AUanoy Buipeay g uon2a5 105 s3x01Unit 13: Focus on reading skills A Q Speaking 1 _Lookat this graph, which shows the results for a question put to teenagers. Work with a partner and answer the questions below. © smornsag0 1 amontea9e a Which question (ii) do you think the graph shows the results for? (i) How many types of social networks are there for teens? (i) Which social network is best for teens? E (ii) How often do teens use social networks? b What do the numbers in they axis represent? And in the x axis? ew at do you think the seven sets of data (-vil represent? 4 Why are there three coloured horizontallines in each set of data? What does each colour represent? 2. Theseven sets of data represent: Facebook, Googles, Instagram, ‘others’ Pinterest, Tumblr and Twitter. Discuss the following questions in small groups. ‘a Which set of data corresponds to which social network? For example ‘acebook and (iv oogle*, Does this surprise you? Why, or why not? € Doyou use any of these social networks? Ifso, w Hyou do not use them, why not? ich ones and why? 4. What other social networks do you know for the ‘other’ category? @ What are the advantages and disadvantages of social networking? 3 Youare going to read an internet article about social networks for teenagers. Before you read the article, work with a partner and decide ifthese four statements are true or false. Give reasons. a Teens rated Twitter the ‘most important’ social media network, with Facebook and Instagram close behind. b_ Lastyear, Facebook was rated the most important by 42%6 oft ens, ¢ This year, Facebook was rated the most important site by only 23% of teens. d_ Teens told researchers they dislike Facebook because of ‘drama’, too many adult users and other users ‘over-sharing’ne ed esa ree ea try B © Reading 1. Quickly skim the internet article below and see if your ideas about the statements in Activity A3 were correct. ANITTO Prenat. acebook _as the most popular social network for ens, according to study Te} Mark Zuckerberg admitted itand anew study hs proved it ebook sno longer cool with teens. The semi-annual Taking with Teens study indicated that Twitter has overtaken 0k s the most important social media network. Last year, 42% of tens ated Facebook as the most important social media "network, while this year only 23% rated it asthe most influential 1a was rated by 26% of eens as ther rmost important social edia sit, Not tobe outdone the Facebook-owned Instagram also ered 23% of votes, up from 12% ast year. * [aI The study by investment frm Piper Jaffray, gathers information elating to teen spending pattems, fashion trengs, and brand and “media preferences. Another study, Pew's Teens, Socal Nedia and acy eport, had similar indings. ews focus groups sad the opulait of Facebook s waning because of parental and adult |__Use ofthe site, other usersover-sharng’ and 'drama'that ean pt between Facebook friends. According to Pew'sresearch, "despite its lack of ‘cool, teens continue to use Facebook because ‘participation san important part of overall teenage socializing? ‘The study also noted that teens have an average of 300 fiends, but only 79 Twitter followers, Instagram accounts, then you'ljustknd of forget about ‘That's what | did, one teen told Pew researchers. {4 Zuckerberg himself may concur with teons who think’ isnolonger cool ‘People assume that we're trying tobe coo. ts never been mig ‘rm the least cool person there is! We're almost ten years ol defivitely nota niche thing any more, sothat kind of ongleforcootness is done for us’ he sid September. Instead of being co), he wants Facebook tobe 0 tool people se every doy, ike electricity? {51.17% responded inthe category marked ‘other, ‘and this Indicates that other niche socal media sites, such as Snapchat and Vine, are takingoftina bigway with teens, Adapted fom wwe dallymal [Link] 2. Find words or phrases in the article that have a similar meaning to the following, important or significant (paragraph 1) not wantingto be beaten (1) won or gained (2) agree (4) b d_ fanatical or passionate (3) e f special product (4) 3 What do the following numbers in paragraph 1 refer to? Example: 42is the percentage of teens who rated Facebook as the most Jmportant social media. 2 23 6 23 (again) 12Vise eset Ter TOP TIPS When answering questions that refer toa chartora table, or some other graphic, make sure that you look carefully at the information in the graphic, including what the two axes represent, as wellas the title. Look for questions that start with the words According to the diogrom.. See the Language Tip on page 145 for more information about According to. Answer these questions about the article. a How much more popular in percentage points is Twitter than Facebook this year? b_ Which two social media sites are joint second in popularity after Twitter? © What four things does Piper Jaffray collect information about? 4 Whyis Facebook's popularity decreasing among teenagers? Give three reasons, e Why do teens still use Facebook? What does Zuckerberg compare Facebook to? & Which sites does the article say are becoming more popular now? Look again at the graph in Activity Al. Using only the most recent data (the data in green), redesign the graph. Think carefully about what to put onthe yand x axes. Using your new graph, answer these questions. a Which social media siteis about 10 percentage points less popular than Twitter? b Which two pairs of social media sites (fourin total) are similarin popularity? © Which media sites have a combined popularity of about eight percentage points? 4. What is the combined percentage of the first and the fourth most popular social media sites? Without Pinterest, Google+ and Tumblr, what would the percentage points for ‘other’ be? @ writing Which nouns in the box have similar meanings? adecrease arise areduction decline _apeak adrop afall_ adip anincrease Allthe nouns have the same form when used as verbs - except one. Which one? Which phrases in the box have similar meanings? reachapeak remainthe same fall to the lowest point remain stable — remain constant Complete the words to make adverbs, Example: sharp... =sharply a consider... b stead... slight... gradual... e relative...ee ea cea eee Rot eat 5 Now change each adverb from Activity C4 into an adjective. Example: sharply=sharp 6 Usethe following data to design a line graph. Think carefully about what to put onthe yand xaxes. Most important social media sites for teens Oak ae CLA a ae od ‘other’ 2% 4% 17% Instagram 12% 17% | 23% a Twitter 21% 30% | 26% Facebook 42% 33% 23% a 7 Write six sentences describing the information in your graph. Use as many of the words and phrases from Activities C1 to C4 as possible in your description. Examples: The popularity of Facebook fell sharply from 42% to 23%. ‘Other’ media sites have increased since 8 Compare your writ ig with a partner's. Are any of your sentences the same? D © @ Speaking and vocabulary 1 Work with a partner. You are going to read a leaflet about cell (mobile) phones. Before you read the leaflet, make a list ofall the things that you can do with a mobile phone. How many different functions can you think of? Example: send or receive text messages 2 Match each verb in column A with a suitable noun or noun phrase in column B. There are several possible answers. an Stns cchat, get, integrate, Keep, contact information, email, games, make (x2), make and information from the internet, other devices, receive, play, send or phone calls, photos, reminders, task or to-do receive (3), set,store, lists text messages, the builtin calculator, use (x2), watch the MP3 player and GPS receiver, track of appointments, TV, videos, with other users 3. How many of the functions from Activity D2 did you think of in Activity D1? 4 Quickly read the short text below and check your answers to Activity D2. What can a mobile phone do for you? Nowadays, for many of us, le whcut a mba hone unthinkable. The thought of being cut of rom Hands an fail, as wel as rot being abe to co ll he things that he modern-day phone gives Us ‘access to, sfightening or abt of people So, you were without a phone, wha exacty woud you be able to do? In alphabetical order... chat with oer uses, got information from te Intrnet, tegrate other dvs, Koop track of anpoiniments, make task or to-do iss, make videos, play gernes, send ‘or receive mal, ser or recelve tox meseages, send orrcsive photos, sat reminder, store cortact information, use the but-incalclator, use the MPS player ancl GPS recover, and watch TV; What have | forgotton? Oh yea, of cours: make and receive phone cata!LANGUAGE TIP In this unit, you have seen these two expressions: | According to (Pew research) and Depending on (the cellphone model)... Both can have several meanings, depending on their context. In According to (Pew's research)... , we are being told where the information or ideas have come from (Pew’s research. In Depending on {the cell-phone model)... we understand that one thing (in this case the things you can [Link] your mobile phone) is changed or affected by something else (the cell phone mode!) See the Top Tips on page 143 for another example of According to | | J 5 _Youare going to read a second, longer text from an internet article about the Unit 13: Focus on reading skills future of smartphones. Before you read, talk to your partner about how you think the next generation of mobile phones will improve. @ Reading Quickly skim the text below and find out which two developments are discussed. Are they the same as any of the ideas you talked about in Activity D5? Future of smartphones How will the next generation of mobile phones improve? [1] The speed of the mobile phone's technological development is scary. Not so long go, sending a text message was mind-blowing. Now, we can speak directly to our ‘smartphones and ask them forthe latest weather forecast, or take a high-definition video and upload it to the internet in a matter of seconds ~ and we think nothing oft. So, what are the key areas that the mobile industry is looking to develop in the next generation of phones? Let's look at two... {2} The next major battleground forall portable computing devices battery life. All high-end smartphones can now do just about everything we need them todo. Performance is the same, or nearly the same, forall phones, and your operating system ‘of choice will be dictated largely by personal preference and the availabilty of pps ‘and media, as well a price. But which of us can honestly say they are happy with the battery if oftheir handset? [3] Because mobile batteries struggle to last a full day, this results in having to travel with chargers and adaptors and spare batteries (where possible), and rationing use ‘ofthe phone, which negates the point of having a great smartphone. The trouble is, batteries are measured in terms ofthe physical sizeof the cell itself and we all ‘want slim, light handsets. So, although battery capacity will continue to increase, ‘improvement in battery life will come from two other trends. [4] Forone thing, software and processors will continue to become less power hungry. 8 definition, this should improve battery life. The other trend we can expects a second tier of smartphones, dedicated to providing the essentials and no more, but staying alive for days ~ifnot weeks. For most people, email, social media and the web ‘are the critical functions oftheir smartphone. Hardware manufacturers will recognise this and build souped-up feature phones, so you won't own just the one phone. You will carry one device such as ths fr critica functions - especially when travelling ~ and use your iPhone or Android as a personal entertainment, communication and navigation device. [5] Smartphones are an expensive, ood looking and, therefore, highly desirable, piece ‘of kit. And its this desirability that makes them so attractive to thieves. So what steps ‘can we expect manufacturers to take over the next few years to ensure our devices and. ‘our personal detals remain secure? [6] One approach being looked ats all switch (an emergency safety switch), which cannot be deleted from the phone's operating system. This will deter phone theft and, because itis becoming such a popular idea, we can expect this option to be included com all handsets very soon. [7] But what other security features will we see? Most of us (and if you don't, you should) have to input a PIN to access our devices, but manufacturers are looking, at alternatives. in the next few years, we can expect to see the widespread use of fingerprint recognition. And, even though we're stil in the early days of voice recognition software, it's only 2 matter of time before this wll be extended from ‘asking your handset for directions and searching the web to unlocking your device. ‘Adapted rom inca 'Kerat 2 Workin pairs. Student A looks at words and phrases in the left-hand box. Student B looks at the words and phrases in the right-hand box. Use paper or digital reference sources to help you to understand the meaning of the words and phrases as they are used in the text. student a student B ‘a mind-blowing (paragraph 1) h second tier (4) battleground (2) i critical functions (4) € dictated (2) j souped-up feature phones (4) 4 negates the point (3) ke desirable (5) @ trends (3) piece of kit (5) # powerhungry (4) m deter (6) By definition (4) n_ widespread (7) 3 Exchange ideas with your partner. Make sure you both understand both sets of words and phrases. 4 Read the text in more detail, then answer these questions. a How many examples are given of mobile-phone technology that we take for granted? b According to the article, what determines our choice of mobile phone? List three things. Whatis the result of mobile-phone batteries having a short life? What do phone users prefer to longer battery life? How will the second tier of mobile phones differ from the first tier? Why are smartphones so attractive to thieves? How do you think a ‘kill switch’ works? ‘Two alternatives are given to PIN as security features, What are they? F Q Speaking 1 Work in small groups and discuss these questions. a What do you think about the two developments in mobile-phone technology discussed in the text? b Which ofthe two developments do you thinkisthe most important? Why? Ifyou could only choose one of the two, which would it be? Why? 2 The article on mobile phones goes on to discuss other developments, one of which is flexible screens (‘a foldable smartphone that doubles as a tablet is a very real possibility’). What would be the advantages of having a smartphone with a flexible screen? What might be the disadvantages? 3 Now that you know about three developments in mobile-phone technology, how do you feel? Excited? Disappointed? Bored? Why? Ifyou could only choose one of the three, which would it be? Why? 4 Ifyou could have any new development on your phone, what would it be and why? Make some written notes and then share your ideas with your group.G @ Further practice Listen 1 @ inthis unit, you have read about developments in mobile-phone technology, Now listen to a student talking about another possible development and then answer the questions, For each question, choose the correct answer-A,BorC. @ What will wearable devices be powered by? A Aheart-rate monitor. B Yoursmartphone, © Aserver, b Whatis the current problem with wearable technology? A Itissmall B Itisexpensive. © Meeting power requirements, € Why won't wearable devices need cellular connectivity? ‘A. Because the phone will provide power. B Because the phone will be the brain, © Because they have their own power. A Via friends. B Via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, © Viathe cell 4 How will a wearable device connect toa smartphone? I @ Aswearable technology develops, so will. A. thesize of phones B the screen resolution © smartphones. What is the solution to small screens on smartphones? ‘A Make them bigger. 8 Beam information toa television, © Use acomputer. Describe the relationship between the two speakers. ‘A Formal. B Workcolleagues. © Informal. Write: 2 Mobile-phone technology is changing rapidly. Here are some comments that you have heard. ‘New technology will mean our smartphones will be used for many ‘more things, not just the everyday functions we are so used to ‘The uses of the smartphone are changing rapidly - soon we really won't be able to live without them!Tar) (fetta Write an article for your school webpage giving your views. Your article should bbe 150-200 words long (Extended) or 100-150 words long (Core). ‘The comments on page 147 may give you some ideas and you should try to use some ideas of your own. You will receive up to 10/7 marks for the content of your article and up to 9/6 marks forthe style and accuracy of your language. Describe We canes 3. InSection C of this unit, you practised describing information in graphical ae console form. Look at the three graphs and charts on this page, then answer the eonsai, questions for each one. a The pie chart shows the results of a school’s survey into which device —_ students preferred to play games on. esi opie omnia hone (i) Apart from ‘other, what are the two least popular devices? (i) What is the combined total of the top two devices? Tablet b_ Thebar graph shows the results ofa shopping survey to find out what conspuer people prefer to buyonline. (i) Which items have (a) the smallest percentage difference and (b) the greatest percentage difference between online and in-shop purchases? {i) How many items are more likely to be bought ina shop than online? ” us ® Berctonren 0 Fa 50 “0 0 x» 0 Clothes Food rink Books Music Footwear — Electronic {oneteremty equipment wel ¢ Theline graph on the left shows global sales of internet devices. “| Write sentences describing: is (i) the sales of tablets during the last five years (i) the growth of personal computer sales from 2000 to 2010 . (i) the sales of smartphones from 2005 to 2009 compared with 2009 to the present day. Read and present 4. Read the article opposite about the health hazards of computer games, then carry out the following activities. ‘a. Use paper and digital reference sources to investigate the topic further. Using the information in the article and your own research, createa short PowerPoint presentation with the title: Computer games - health hazards. ¢ Present your work to the class,Doctors are becoming increasingly concerned about the health of children who spend hour after hour glued to computer games. The experts say that young people are exposing themselves toa range of potential hazards, from ‘mouse elbow’ to ‘joystick digit ‘As many as 20% of children have some kind of heal problem associated with the overuse of computer games, a recent survey has shown. One in seven children spends somuch time in front of video screens that they have black rings around their eyes because of lack of sleep, say t doctors, who interviewed over 1100 children aged sixto 11 and their parents. One in five children showed evidence o stiff muscles in their back and shoulder from the constant use of a computer mouse aresult of the at link health problems with e of video and com Unit 13: Focus on reading skills games. All the problems result from repetitive movement: and sleep deprivation, and some experts predict that ‘overuse of games could cause long-term heart damage. “Mouse elbow’ isthe result of damage to the forearm and elbow. The elbow can also suffer trauma injury if the mouse is moved too vigorously. ‘Video eyes’ are caused by too litle sleep. “Joystick digit is a consequence of overuse Of the finger on the joystick. ‘Vibration finger’ is caused by excessive use of computer-game controllers which vibrate, Nerve trap’ isthe result of the neck and head being in the same position for too long,c on cd Exam-style questions 1 Read the leaflet which is aimed mainly at then answer the questions that follow. Weekend holiday United Arab Emirates and Yemen ‘The mysteries ofthe East are wating for you:from the ancient cities of Petra in Jordan to the oases in Saudl Arabia, there's always plenty o see and explore, and new experiences to be savoured, For those seeking a holiday at any time ofthe year, the stunning beaches of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates are the place to be. ‘Abu Dhabiis a modern city overflowing with wealth and vitality. ‘Look for bargains in the gold market and why not experience ‘camel racing? Things to do and see Jordan Petra, spice route between Peta and Gaza ‘Oman National Museum Saud abla souks and markets United Arab Emirates - gold market and souks, fine beaches, camel racing Muscatsin the heat of Oman, a place to unwind and ex. Explore the fascinating cates, architectural sites, beaches and the old Muttra souk and discover more about Oman’ lif inthe citys National Museum. ‘Hotels in the Middle Ea break for all the family! Africa ~ Egypt, Eritrea, Gabon, Kenya, Morocco and Tunisia ‘The spice and varity of Aica are sure to appeal o everyone. {In Egypt, vist the land ofthe ancient pharaohs, follow the Nile {rom Cairo and be sure not to mis the pyramids. Both the resorts ‘of Sharm] Sheith and Hurghada allow you to relax onthe fine beaches. Try scuba diving and experience for yourself the beauty ofthe underwater word Morocco is ful of Eastern promise. Go to the markets and bargain for jewellery carpets and rugs and a whole selection of beautiful items. Casablanca isa modern city with a traditional Moorish hear, where you worit want to miss the od palaces or peaceful gardens before enjoying the vel nightlife only Morocco can offer. Kenya ls for safaris. Look out for your favourteanimalsin their natural surroundings. OF shop fr gifts in Nairobi. “Tunisia offers the chance for more sightseeing in the ancient walled town of Hammamet. Ty the local culine or shop fora bargain. Gabon offers plenty of cal colour with beautful beaches and vast ares of rainforest full of wld. Night is sophisticated with plenty to do, ort the old quarterfora taste of lca, raditonal fica Hotels in Africa Lunury* — Standard* Egypt $52 $25 Eritrea $74 $41 Gabon $60 $30 Kenya $77 $48 Morocco $72 $50 Pes a er person er igh