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    The documents discuss global divides and regionalism. Global divides refer to disparities between economically developed and developing regions of the world, often called the Global North and Global South respectively. Regionalism involves countries cooperating through regional organizations to achieve political and economic goals. In Asia specifically, factors like the end of the Cold War have influenced countries to pursue regional cooperation through organizations like ASEAN in Southeast Asia in order to deal with issues from a regional perspective amidst globalization.

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    Contemporary 1

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    Lingayo, Deseree C.
    108 views16 pages
    The documents discuss global divides and regionalism. Global divides refer to disparities between economically developed and developing regions of the world, often called the Global North and Global South respectively. Regionalism involves countries cooperating through regional organizations to achieve political and economic goals. In Asia specifically, factors like the end of the Cold War have influenced countries to pursue regional cooperation through organizations like ASEAN in Southeast Asia in order to deal with issues from a regional perspective amidst globalization.

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    The documents discuss global divides and regionalism. Global divides refer to disparities between economically developed and developing regions of the world, often called the Global North and Global South respectively. Regionalism involves countries cooperating through regional organizations to achieve political and economic goals. In Asia specifically, factors like the end of the Cold War have influenced countries to pursue regional cooperation through organizations like ASEAN in Southeast Asia in order to deal with issues from a regional perspective amidst globalization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views16 pages

    Contemporary 1

    Uploaded by

    Lingayo, Deseree C.
    The documents discuss global divides and regionalism. Global divides refer to disparities between economically developed and developing regions of the world, often called the Global North and Global South respectively. Regionalism involves countries cooperating through regional organizations to achieve political and economic goals. In Asia specifically, factors like the end of the Cold War have influenced countries to pursue regional cooperation through organizations like ASEAN in Southeast Asia in order to deal with issues from a regional perspective amidst globalization.

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    of 16

    A WORLD OF REGIONS

    LESSON 12 GLOBAL DIVIDES

    JOY D. CALLUENG-DAPEG, MBA


    Lesson Objectives:
    At the end of this lesson, students should be able
    to:
    1. Identify perspectives in global stratification;
    2. Discuss the concept of global divide; and
    3. Review some historical antecedents relating to
    the understanding of the global divide.
    Global divide – global disparities, often due to stratification due to differing
    economic affluence but can also be in other aspects of globalization.

    Introduction
    Across history, there have been many manifestations of stratification in
    different societies. Social stratification is essentially the phenomenon of
    segregating, grouping, and ranking people based on differences in class, race,
    economic status, and other categories. In earlier civilizations, we hear of
    nobilities and commoners, the lord and the peasant, and many other social
    statuses and positions that embody hierarchy of power in a social system. These
    hierarchies, especially when pushed toward the extremes, have often led to
    inequalities, wherein the group which possesses control over power and
    resources are given much privilege at the expense of those who are deprived.
    Perspectives in Global Stratification
    1. Modernization Theory – this theory suggests that all
    societies undergo a similar process of evolution-from
    agricultural, industrial, and urbanized and modern-
    that is motivated and catalysed by internal factors. It
    hints that more than external influences, internal
    processes within states are responsible for social
    change.
    2. Dependency theories – suggest that countries are
    either “core” ( developed) or “peripheral” (
    developing) such that resources tend to flow from
    peripheries to the core.
    3. World system – composed of boundaries, structures,
    member groups, rules of legitimation, and coherence.
    This world system is assumed to ‘comprises a single
    capitalist world-economy .
    LESSON 13
    THE GLOBAL SOUTH
    Lesson objectives
    At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
    1. Discuss the ever-changing concept of the Global South;
    2. Identify countries which are commonly associated with
    the Global South;and
    3. Survey the political and economic conditions in the
    contemporary Latin America.
    Definition of Terms
     Global North – may refer to countries that are geographically in the northern
    hemisphere or to countries that are developed.
     Global South – may refer to countries that are geographically in the southern
    hemisphere or to countries that are developing.

    Introduction
    In earlier lessons, we discussed that the changing global landscape has made
    disparities in various spheres more defined-a phenomenon which creates a paradox
    in a world where geographical and intellectual access have been made more possible
    by the advancement in technology.
    In the past, it would have been gruelling for explorers to visit various places in
    the world as they were limited only by the transportation technologies they had.
    The aviation technology has made it possible for humans to be more connected, at
    least in principle, as it speeds up transfer from one country to other. The Internet
    technology on the other hand has brought forth undefeatable access to information,
    which the world has not seen in the distant past. This should have, in principle,
    levelled off the disparities across countries.
    But the again, this is not always the case. While the contemporary world
    is arguably much better and more affluent than what we have in the past,
    more complex phenomena are emerging in this seemingly connected world.
    Defining Global North and Global South
    In literatures on globalization and development, the term Global North
    is used to refer to countries that are ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED, while the
    term Global South is used to pertain to countries that are ECONOMICALLT
    STRUGGLING (Odeh, 2010). While the common frame of reference in such a
    stratification is economic, there are broad indicators that distinguish
    economies as either global north or global south: “politics, technology,
    wealth and demography” (Odeh, 2010, p. 340).
    SUMMARY
    The Global South is a changing concept. While for the most part of the modern
    world the Global South has been associated to poverty and dependency, some of
    these countries are gaining momentum toward achieving their economic and
    political goals. There is a good deal to learn about the experiences of the Global
    South, especially about the issues they face and the struggles that their people are
    going through. But at the same time, there is also plenty to learn about how
    collective action and people’s empowerment in these locales are paving way of
    progress. Most essentially, the phenomenon of the Global South encourages us to
    reflect in the affordances and the challenges that globalization poses for people
    across economic strata.
    -----------------------------------ACTIVITY-----------------------------------------
    Choose one country considered to be part of the Global North and another
    country considered to be part of the Global South.

    INFORMATION GLOBAL NORTH GLOBAL SOUTH

    Country

    Population

    Gross National Product

    Gross Domestic Product

    Human Development Index

    What are your thoughts? _____________________________________________


    Lesson 14
    ASIAN REGIONALISM
    Lesson Objectives
    At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
    1. Define regionalism
    2. Identify factors influencing regionalism in Asia; and
    3. Understand how Asian nations deal with globalization and
    regionalism.
    INTRODUCTION

    First, countries tend to rely on global fora such as the United


    Nations in, resolving regional conflicts, thus, paving way for the
    emergence of peacekeeping initiatives and regional trade
    organizations. In general, nations nowadays are more agreeable, at
    least as indicated by less profound armed conflicts and wars among
    nations. Conflicts are however present in other spheres, such as for
    instance, territorial disputes which have implication on assertion of
    political powers in a given region or which will provide competitive
    advantage in economic opportunities.
    Second is the emergence of regional cooperation among countries to achieve
    political and economic goals. Hernandez (1996) even suggested that such flexibility
    and fluidity in regionalism is consequential to the end of the Cold War.

    Indrees M continued pointing out that after the Second World War, global trends
    have emerged which show why regionalism is a necessary phenomena.
    1. Amidst globalization, global problems remained to be tackled in regional
    spheres.
    2. The collapse of the alliances has led to regionalism and trans-regionalism trends.
    3. Regionalism is an attempt for resilience in a world which remains to
    acknowledge super power tendencies among particular states such as America.
    4. Growing insecurity within particular regions require solutions from within these
    regions, something which is made complicated by global dynamics.
    Hettne’s Faces of Regionalism and Degrees of Regionness
    Hettne (1996) argued that regionalism has two faces: the old and the new. The
    following table summarizes hettne’s articulation:

    OLD REGIONALISM NEW REGIONALISM

    Bipolar such that it was produced in a Multipolar as it is open for multilateral


    schism between opposing political alliances engagement and collaborations among
    countries.
    Imposed by the superpowers Spontaneous and sought voluntarily by
    constituents

    Secures economic security within alliances Open in as much as it is multipolar

    Specific to economic and political Comprehensive and multidimensional


    objectives (political, cultural, economic, social)

    Focused only on nation-states Involves non-state actors.


    Hettne (1996) suggested that regionness as a concept has varying degrees.
     Region as a geographical unit – a region can be construed as a place, as a physical
    environment. For example, we can determine Asia as a region based on the land and
    water boundaries surrounding it.
     Region as a social system - a region can be construed as a conglomerate of people
    occupying a particular space and possessing unique dynamics of interaction. For
    instance, we can determine Asia as a region based on the group of people occupying it
    and the shared ancestry, language, and culture these people have.
     Region as organized cooperation – a region can be construed as a group of nations
    who agree to take part and form a formal organization. For instance, Southeast Asia is
    a region within Asia, and it has been formalized through memberships in the
    Association of South East Asian Nations or ASEAN.
     Region as civil society – a region can be construed as a network of cultural and social
    linkages among countries who voluntarily take part in a cooperation among nations.
     Region as an acting subject – a region can be construed as a group of nations
    concerned about peace, welfare, and prosperity of its people.
    ASIAN REGIONALISM
    The Asia Region
    Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world. Geographically, it
    is separated from the European continent by the Urals, from Africa by the Suez
    Canal, from the North America by the Bering Strait (The Columbia Electronic
    Encyclopedia, 2012). It is comprised of distinct regions such as Central Asia, East
    Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. The following are some
    information about these distinct coastal regions.

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