CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY ART

• Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region is an art ARTS

produced at the present period in time. In vernacular
• Something that is created with imagination and skill and
English, “modern” and “contemporary” are synonyms,
that is beautiful or that expresses important ideas or
resulting in some conflation of the terms “modern art” and
feelings.
“contemporary art” by non-specialists.
• The expression or appreciation of human creative skill
• Art plays a significant part in the rich cultural identity of the
and imagination
Philippines. It mirrors the Filipino people, it’s history,
traditions and the country as a whole. Diverse art forms in • Its origin came from:
the different parts of the archipelago, when integrated, will
give a clear picture of what kind of country the Philippines is o Aryan root AR, meaning “to put together”
and what kind of people the Filipinos are. o 2 Greek words, ARTIZEIN (to prepare) &
• This art forms developed from the early times continue to ARKISKEIN (to put together)
evolve up to the present. From the ethnic tradition, it o Latin terms ARS, ARTIS (everything that is
continues to progress to contemporary art tradition. artificially made or composed by man)
• As Filipino, one should have the knowledge of the different CONTEMPORARY
forms of art in the Philippines to fully grasp its identity as a
nation and to completely embrace oneself as a citizen of the • Existing or occurring at the present time.
country. • Kontemporaneo (UP Diksyonaryong Filipino) : nabibilang
• The term "visual arts" encompasses a wide range of forms o umiiral sa kasalukuyang panahon ; sumusunod sa
created by Filipinos. It ranges from Western-influenced modernong ideya o modang estilo o disenyo.
visual art forms to works created by folk and indigenous • In vernacular English, it is synonymous with the word
people. Traditionally, these visual art forms include painting, modern.
sculpture, and architecture. However, there are other
functional visual art forms in the country that need to be CONTEMPORARY ARTS
appreciated as well. Some of these forms include
• Art produced at the present period in time.
advertising art, basketry, metal craft, mat weaving,
pottery, and textile weaving. • Art of today, produced by artists who are living in the
21stcentury.
• Refers to the recent & current practice of art ranging from
the 1970s up to the present.

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INTEGRATIVE ARTS o Theater art: tribal presentations and rituals depicting
their beliefs.
• Integrating: to bring together or incorporate [parts] into a
whole o In music, ancestors owned bamboo flutes and brass
gongs as indigenous instruments.
• Integrated: in arts, used to denote the integration of the
art experience into the learning process. 2. Spanish Colonial Tradition

• Integrated Arts Practice: refers to the interdisciplinary o Replacing Philippine Indigenous art with Western art
art, art research, development, production, presentation, forms.
or artistic creation of work that fully uses 2 or more art o Propagating Christianity and maintaining the power
disciplines to create a work for a specific audience (e.g., of colonizers, Religion, and secularization (not
music & drama, opera). religious) greatly influenced the art in the Philippines.
PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ART ▪ Literary works classification: religious and secular,
• The Philippine Contemporary Art is divided into seven major prose and poetry
forms namely: Visual Arts, Literature, Music, Theater, ▪ Choreography for religious dance: venerate (show
Dance, Architecture, and Film. deep respect) to patrons and saints proliferated.
Historical Background (increase of number quickly)

• The development of Philippine Art comes from three major ▪ Secular dances: valse, fandango, polka, and minuet
traditions: ▪ Musical instruments: the popularity of orchestras and
1. Ethnic Tradition (pre-colonial) bands

o High land people mimic animal movements as ▪ Visual art: painting and sculpture (religious matter)
choreography. ▪ Architecture: stones and bricks for structures, in and
o Pottery, weaving, wood carving, and metal crafting exterior designs.
were dominant during the pre-colonial period as ▪ Decorative designs: metal and wood carving product
visual art.
3. American Tradition and Contemporary Traditions
o About architecture using local materials such as
anahaw, bamboo, cogon, cane, rattan, and other light o Changes in politics, economy, education, and culture
materials in constructing structures. o Modern art was referred to in year the 1860s-1960s,
o Folk literature came in the form of folk speeches, the rise of the middle-class family, secularization,
songs, and narratives. changes in the political system, and technological

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innovation. (experimental approach-practice and o Color is a very important element because it can
methodology) communicate information and emotion to the viewer.
o Modern art deeply develops after World War II o Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color, and is
(1945) represented in the color wheel.
o Contemporary art refers to the recent and current o Value, which refers to the lightness and darkness of a
practice of art from 1970 up to the present. It mirrors color. Light color or tint is the result of adding white to
the society and culture of the present times. a hue, while a dark color or shade results from adding
black to a hue.
ART AND ITS VISUAL ELEMENTS
o Saturation, which refers to brightness and dullness of
• In order to understand how to describe a painting or a
a color. It is also referred to as purity of color. A bright
sculpture, it is important to comprehend first the visual
color can be produced by adding more pigment to the
elements of art. These visual elements of art are line, color,
same hue, while dull color can be produced by adding
shape, space, value, texture, time, and motion.
gray or the color’s complement to the pigment.
1. Line
The color wheel is an arrangement of primary, secondary, and
o This refers to a prolongation of a point, or mark on a tertiary colors. Identifying which colors will work well
surface. Solid lines can be used in order to define
form while broken lines are typically used to suggest
hidden forms. Lines are also used to suggest
dimensions, and guide to visual movement.
▪ The vertical line signifies ambition and strength.
▪ Diagonal line usually signifies dynamic action, conflict,
or stress.
▪ The horizontal line signifies rest and peace.
▪ Monochromatic – This color scheme involves using the
▪ Broken lines suggest lines that are hidden from the
same hue but with different gradients of value.
viewer.
▪ Analogous – The analogous color scheme entails the
2. Color
use of three or four adjacent colors in the color wheel.
o This refers to visual perception that allows a person to
▪ Complementary – The complementary color scheme
differentiate objects due to the way various
involves the use of color and its complement. Meaning
wavelengths of light reflected.
the color is located opposite of the first color.
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▪ Split- complementary – This scheme uses the two common in two-dimensional artworks. On the other
colors adjacent to the complement. hand, actual motion is easily seen in kinetic sculpture.
▪ Triadic – This color scheme uses three colors that are 6. Shape and Mass
equal distance with each other.
o This element of art refers to an area with boundaries
▪ Tetradic – Also known as a double complementary identified or drawn using lines.
color scheme, this uses two pairs of complementary
▪ A shape may be based on natural or living forms. This
colors.
shape is called an organic shape and can be irregular
3. Texture or rounded.
o This element refers to the feel or appearance of a ▪ A shape may also be based on measured forms. This
surface. A person may describe texture if the surface shape, on the other hand, is called a geometric shape.
is either smooth or rough
• In contrast, which is two- dimensional, mass refers to
▪ Actual texture can be felt tangibly based on the solid portions of a three-dimensional object
material that is used for the artwork
VARIOUS ART FORMS FOUND IN THE PHILIPPINES
▪ Implied texture can be exhibited, for instance, in a
painting of the fur of an animal. • Traditional art is a part of a culture of a certain group of
people, with skills and knowledge passed down through
4. Space generations from masters to apprentices. It portrays the
simple life before the massive growth of a country.
o Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object.
An illusion of space can still be created on a two- • The traditional arts in the Philippines include folk
dimensional surface using perspective. architecture, maritime transport, famous sculpture in the
▪ Atmospheric perspective - Utilizes the properties of Philippines, weaving, carving, folk performing arts, folk
light and air in depicting the illusion in distance (cooler, (oral) literature, folk graphic and plastic arts, ornament,
lighter, and less saturated) pottery, and other artistic expressions of traditional
culture. Among the most famous forms of traditional art in
▪ Linear perspective - It involves the use of vanishing the Philippines is weaving. Each island (Luzon, Visayas,
points and receding hidden lines. and Mindanao) has its own distinctive style of weaving to
show the Philippine culture.
5. Time and Motion
o Movement in the visual arts can either be an illusion
or an actual motion. An illusion of movement is more

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What are the forms of artworks in the Philippines? • Napoleon V. Abueva (Sculpture)
• Lamberto V. Avellana (Theater and Film)
• There are different artworks in the Philippines like traditional
• Lucrecia R. Urtula (Dance)
arts, indigenous arts, and contemporary arts in the
Philippines or modern art in the Philippines. • Lucrecia R. Kasilag (Music)
• Francisco Arcellana (Literature)
• These forms of arts include Philippine paintings, visual arts • Cesar F. Legaspi (Visual Arts)
in the Philippines, performing artists in the Philippines, • Leandro V. Locsin (Architecture)
sculpture in the Philippines, Philippine wood carving, and
more. Arts in the Philippines (Painting, Dancing, Weaving, Sculpting,
Pottery & others.)
Who are the national artists of the Philippines?
I. Painting
•Whether it’s a traditional art in the Philippines, visual arts in the
Philippines, or contemporary arts in the Philippines, there is o The expression of ideas and emotions, with the
surely a Filipino artist that has made a name in the field. Here’s creation of certain aesthetic qualities, in a two-
a list of the national Filipino artists to know: dimensional visual language.

• Fernando Amorsolo (Painting) o Colors, shapes, lines, textures

• Francisca R. Aquino (Dance) o Introduced by Spaniards during the 16th century.
• Carlos V. Francisco (Painting)
o Spaniards used paintings as religious propaganda
• Amado V. Hernandez (Literature)
of spreading Catholicism.
• Antonio J. Molina (Music)
• Vicente S. Manansala (Painting) o During World War II, some painters focused their
• Carlos P. Romulo (Literature) artwork on the effects of the war. Common themes
• Gerardo de Leon (Cinema) included battle scenes, destruction, and the
• Honorata “Atang” dela Rama (Theater and Music) suffering of the Filipino people.
• Antonino R. Buenaventura (Music) ▪ Watercolor Paintings increased and the
• Leonor O. Goquingco (Dance) subject matter of paintings began to include
• Nick Joaquin (Literature) landscapes, Filipino inhabitants, Philippine
• Jovita Fuentes (Music) fashion, and government officials.
• Victorio C. Edades (Painting)
• Pablo S. Antonio (Architecture) ▪ Portrait Paintings featured the painters
themselves, Filipino jewelry, and native
• Juan F. Nakpil (Architecture)
furniture.
• Guillermo E. Tolentino (Sculpture)
• Jose Garcia Villa (Literature)
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▪ Landscape Paintings featured artist’s names 3. Bendayan/Bendian
are painted ornately as well as day-to-day
o Origin: Benguet Province, Northern Luzon
scenes of average Filipinos partaking in their
daily tasks. o a dance to celebrate the arrival of successful
headhunters.
II. Dance
4. Manmanok
a. Cordillera
o Tribe: Bago
1. Banga
o Three Bago Tribe roosters compete against each
o Tribe: Kalinga
other for the attention of Lady Lien. They use
o "Banga" literally means pots. blankets depicting colorful plumes to attract her.
o Is a contemporary performance of Kalinga of the 5. Salisid
Mountain Province in the Philippines.
o Tribe: Kalinga
o Illustrates the languid grace of a tribe otherwise
o Kalinga courtship dance, is performed by a male
known as fierce warriors.
and female (and thus is sometimes called the
o Heavy earthen pots, (7-8 times) are balanced on "cayoo" dance).
the heads of maidens as they trudge to the beat of
o The male simulates a rooster trying to attract the
the "gangsa" or wind chimes displaying their
attention of a hen while the female imitates the
stamina and strength as they go about their daily
movements of a hen being circled by a rooster.
task of fetching water and balancing the Banga.
6. Salip
2. Lumagen/ Tachok
o Tribe: Kalinga
o Tribe: Kalinga
o Kalinga wedding dance.
o to celebrate a happy occasion like the birth of a
first-born baby boy, a wedding, or a budong o The bridegroom offers the bride the protection and
(peace pact). comfort of his blanket. He simulates the
movements of a rooster at love play, aspiring to
o danced by the Kalinga maiden.
attract and seize his love.
o dance imitates birds flying in the air. Music is
o The bride's friends are ready to help prepare by
provided by gangsa, or gongs, which are usually in
offering "bangas" (earthen pots) filled with fresh
a group of six or more.
water from the mountain spring.

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7. Tarektek Malakas (the strong) and Maganda (the beautiful),
respectively.
o Tribe: Benguet
2. Bagobo
o Two tareketek woodpeckers vie for the attention of
three females. o Bagobo Rice Cycle (also known as Sugod Uno) is
a tribal dance performed by the Bagobo people of
o One Male woodpecker rhythmically bang on a
Davao del Sur. To the Bagobo, the dance is called
brass gong to represent a good voice, while the
Miyamas neng Ommoy. Ommoy is a Bagobo term
other swish about a colorful blanket representing
for the rice grains without husks. The dance
beautiful plumage.
portrays the step- by-step cycle rice culture; from
8. Uyaoy/Uyauy planting, harvesting to thanksgiving rituals for a
bountiful rice harvest.
o Tribe: Ifugao
3. Binaylan Folk Dance
o Ifugao people are said to be the “children of the
earth” o Binaylan is a Higaonon and Agusanon Manobo
tribal dance
o word ipugao means "coming from the earth." that depicts the movement of a hawk, a hen, and
o Ifugao wedding festival dance is accompanied by her banog or baby chicks. The tribe killed the
gongs and is performed by the affluent to attain the sacred and powerful hawk which tried to capture
second level of the wealthy class. one of the chicks.

o Wealthy people (Kadangyan) who have performed 4. Tinikling

this dance are entitled to the use of gongs at their o Tinikling is the Philippines' national dance and is
death a traditional folk dance that originated during the
b. Muslim Spanish colonial era. A dance that uses a pair of
bamboo poles, Tinikling is considered to be the
c. Tribal oldest traditional dance of the country and is also
1. Malakas at Maganda danced across the globe, particularly in the United
States.
o It interprets the Manobo folklore wherein a weary
bird perched on a large bamboo and heard strange o The Tinikling is said to be named after the long-
noises inside. legged bird called the tikling in the Philippines.

o It pecked the bamboo until it split open. From inside 5. Singkil

the bamboo came the first man and woman

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o Singkil, the Filipino dance, involves rich
ornamental costumes and a female lead and
male lead and other dancers elegantly dancing
between rhythmically striking bamboo poles
held by the fellow dance troupe. There are many
bamboo pole based dances in the world but this
one has a distinctive flair about it.

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