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Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
The Basic Science Process
Skills: Predicting

NORALA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Poblacion, Norala, South Cotabato
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Introductory Message
Research 1 for Grade 7 is a course in the Special Science Program designed to
equip learners with essential scientific attitudes and science process skills that will
prepare them in conducting science investigations. These skills include observing,
measuring, inferring, classifying, predicting, communicating, formulating research
problems, formulating hypothesis, defining and identifying variables, describing
relationships between variables, designing an investigation, experimenting and writing
simple scientific report. This simple science investigation shall be confined within the
school premises. This course provides an excellent groundwork or pre requisite
background for higher research work.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Research 7 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on The Basic Science Process
Skills : Predicting.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use your notebook in answering the exercises/activities.
2. Don’t forget to answer all the exercises/activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next activity.

If you encounter any problem or difficulty in answering the tasks, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher. Always remember that you are not alone.
I hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deeper understanding of the most relevant competencies. You can do it.

CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding of the scientific attitudes, applies
appropriate basic science process skills in designing simple science investigation.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
design simple science investigation applying scientific attitudes and basic science
process skills which are the inherent requirements in conducting simple science
investigation.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Make predictions based on evidence

(SSP-RS7SPS-1f-7)

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What I Need to Know

Scientists ask questions about the things they observe. Whenever you
ask questions and gather data about these objects and events, you are acting an
expert in science. A scientist has a keen sense of observation and a logical way
of gathering, organizing, and processing information. They use these basic
science process skills to guide them in finding solutions to problems.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a. describe prediction
b. name and differentiate the types of prediction

What I Know

Direction: Read and understand the questions. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your notebook.

1. What is referred to as a process wherein a forecast of events is based on

observations?
a. inference c. observing
b. measuring d. predicting

2. Which type of predictions refers to the forecast given beyond observed data?
a. classification c. extrapolation
b. interpolation d. observation

3. What would happen if a large ball, a medium sized ball and a small ball
are dropped at the same time from the same height?
a. All balls will drop to the floor at the same time.
b. The large ball will hit the floor first.
c. The medium-sized ball will hit the floor first.
d. The small ball will hit the floor first.

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4. Which type of predictions is made based on observed data?
a. classification c. extrapolation
b. interpolation d. observation

5. Which of these concepts are always considered by a scientist?

a. Accurate observations are unnecessary to problems recognize.
b. Experiments provide information that will always support predictions.
c. Events in nature do not occur in a predictable way.
d. Predictions do not point a way to possible solution to a problem.

6. The sky is cloudy and the wind is blowing fast. The weather forecast early
that morning announced that there will be a low pressure near the area.
What kind of prediction is used by the weather forecaster?
a. classification c. extrapolation
b. interpolation d. observation

7. Linda wants to find out which substance will dissolve in water. Will it be
cooking oil or vinegar? Which do you think is the best prediction?
a. Cooking oil will dissolve faster in water.
b. Vinegar will dissolve faster in water.
c. Both will dissolve in water.
d. Neither the cooking oil nor the vinegar will dissolve in water.

8. In question number 7, which type of prediction is showed?

a. classification c. extrapolation
b. interpolation d. observation

9. Which of the following is true about prediction?

a. It can also be based on past experiences.
b. It can be either within or beyond observed events.
c. It is a process wherein a forecast is based on observations.
d. All of the above is true.

10. Sonia planted same number of mongo seeds separately in cans of the same
sizes using different amount of fertilizer. Predict which of the mongo seeds
will grow bigger and healthier?
a. The seeds in both cans will grow big and healthy.
b. The seeds in can with less fertilizer will grow bigger and healthier.
c. The seeds in can with many fertilizer will die.
d. The seeds in can with many fertilizer will grow bigger and healthier.

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Lesson Research 1
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The Basic Science Process Skills:
Predicting

Learning Objectives:

a. describe prediction and

b. name and differentiate the types of prediction

What’s In

Activity 1: Look After Me

Direction:
Classify the following objects as solid, liquid and gas. Tabulate and
write your answer in your notebook.

Air table paper lemon juice

Milk tea glass oxygen umbrella

Table 1

Solid Liquid Gas

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What’s New

Activity 2: What I am?

Materials:
Water alcohol cooking oil
Soda/softdrink sand soy sauce
Mongo seeds Notebook ballpen

Procedure:
1. Given the materials above, make a prediction which will dissolve
completely in water.
2. Complete the table by writing either dissolve completely or will
not dissolve. The first one is given for you.
3. Write your answer in your notebook

Table 2
Mixture Predictions
Example:
1. Mongo seeds + water will not dissolve

2. softdrink + water

3. cooking oil + water

4. soy sauce + water

5. alcohol +water

6. sand + water

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What is It

Making predictions is making educated guesses about the

outcomes of future events. We are forecasting future observations. The
ability to make predictions about future events allows us to successfully
interact with the environment around us. Prediction is based on both
good observation and inferences made about observed events. Like
inferences, predictions are based on both what we observe and also our
past experiences the mental models we have built up from those
experiences. So, predictions are not just guesses! Predictions based on
our inferences or hypotheses about events give us a way to test those
inferences or hypotheses. If the prediction turns out to be correct, then
we have greater confidence in our inference/hypothesis. This is the
basis of the scientific process used by scientists who are asking and
answering questions by integrating together the six basic science
process skills

Predicting is a process wherein a forecast of events is based on

observation. Predictions can be reliable only when there is regularity in
the changes observed. Predictions are also safe if the variables can be
controlled or if there are less variables that can possibly affect the
predictions. One can predict what is to happen at a certain time when
predictions are based on observations and past experiences. It is
stating what might happen in the future. Predictions therefore can be
either within or beyond observed events.

There are two kinds of predictions namely: interpolation and

extrapolation. Interpolation is a prediction made based on observed
data. Extrapolation is a forecast beyond observed data.
Extrapolations are not reliable since they are beyond observation.

Example: Using a paraffin wax, attaching several tacks to a metal rod

two centimetres apart from each other; heating the metal rod over an
alcohol lamp. This will cause the tacks to fall one after the other.

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Using the table below, predict how many tacks will fall after heating it
for 20 seconds, for 35 seconds, and for 40 seconds.
Time (seconds) Number of tacks
10 3
15 6
20 ___
25 12
30 15
35 ___
40 ___

The forecast made at 20 seconds is based on the observations made at

10 seconds and 15 seconds; hence it is more reliable and accurate.
This is an example of interpolation wherein prediction is made within the
observed data.

The predictions made at 35 seconds and 40 seconds show extrapolation

because prediction is made beyond observed data. This is not reliable
and accurate. The farther you extrapolate the more inaccurate and
unreliable the prediction will be.

Let us have another example by using a graph.

Figure 1 Predicting by interpolation and extrapolation

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Figure 1 shows predicting by interpolation and extrapolation. The
known data points are indicated by dots. Study the graph. A)
Interpolate the volume when the mass is 1 kg. B) What is the mass
when the volume is
0.1 L? The correct answer for A) is 0.15 L and B) is o.6 kg. The answer
for both a and b are based within the masses and volumes, predicting
by interpolation is used.

Now, extrapolate by using the dashed portion of the graph. A) What

would be the volume if the mass is 5 kgs? B) What would be the mass
when the volume is 1L? The answers are A) 0.8 L and B) 6.5 kgs. The
answer for a and b were already taken beyond the known data, hence
you are extrapolating.

If predictions are based on a number of observations and its variables

are controlled, there is a greater possibility of safe prediction. Daily
weather forecasts can be determined ahead of time because these are
based on atmospheric conditions. However, it is difficult to predict the
weight of the baby from birth until the age of puberty because there are
many variables involved.

Do the next activity to help you develop your skill in predicting.

What’s More

Activity 3: Can I do It?

Direction: Perform the activity and write your predictions in your

notebook.

Materials:
Notebook ballpen/pencil
Candle matchbox
Ruler timer

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CAUTION
Be careful of handling hot
object.

Procedure:

1.Measure and record the length of the candle with a ruler.

2.Place the candle inside the clear glass or on top of the table.
3.Light the candle for 1 minute and measure the length of the candle.
4.Continue lighting the candle making sure that the flame is
constant.
5. Measure the length of the candle every minute for five minutes.

Guide Questions:
1. Can you predict the length of the time it takes the candle to
totally burn out?
2. If so, what is your prediction?

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Give Me What I Want?

Direction: Fill in the blank with the correct answer. Choose your
answer from the terms inside the box. Write your answer
in your notebook.

Observation predicting beyond interpolation

extrapolation reliable past

1) ____________ is a process wherein a forecast of events is

based on observation. Predictions can be reliable only when there is
regularity in the changes observed. One can predict what is to happen
at a certain time when predictions are based on 2) ____________ and
past experiences. It is stating what might happen in the future.
Predictions therefore can be either within or 3) __________ observed
events.

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There are two kinds of predictions namely: interpolation and
extrapolation. 4)____________ is a prediction made based on observed
data. 5) ____________ is a forecast beyond observed data.
Extrapolations are not reliable since they are beyond observation.

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Care For My Opinion?

Direction: Consider the situation below. Give your prediction. Write

your answer in your notebook

The demand of the businessmen for the no increase in the price of

palay had been approved. However, after four months, they are
again requesting for another no price increase on the buying of
palay. What will happen if their demand will again be approved?

Assessment

Direction: Read and understand the questions. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your notebook.

1. The sky is cloudy and the wind is blowing fast. The weather forecast early
that morning announced that there will be a low pressure near the area.
What kind of prediction is used by the weather forecaster?
a. classification c. extrapolation
b. interpolation d. observation

2. Linda wants to find out which substance will dissolve in water. Will it be
cooking oil or vinegar? Which do you think is the best prediction?
a. Cooking oil will dissolve faster in water.
b. Vinegar will dissolve faster in water.
c. Both will dissolve in water.
d. Neither the cooking oil nor the vinegar will dissolve in water.

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3. Which type of prediction is showed in question number 2?
a. classification c. extrapolation
b. interpolation d. observation

4. What is referred to as a process wherein a forecast of events is based on

observations?
a. inference c. observing
b. measuring d. predicting

5. Which type of predictions refers to the forecast given beyond observed data?
a. classification c. extrapolation
b. interpolation d. observation

6. What would happen if a large ball, a medium sized ball and a small ball
are dropped at the same time from the same height?
a. All balls will drop to the floor at the same time.
b. The large ball will hit the floor first.
c. The medium-sized ball will hit the floor first.
d. The small ball will hit the floor first.

7. Which of the following is true about prediction?

a. It can also be based on past experiences.
b. It can be either within or beyond observed events.
c. It is a process wherein a forecast is based on observations.
d. All of the above is true.

8. Sonia planted same number of mongo seeds separately in cans of the same
sizes using different amount of fertilizer. Predict which of the mongo seeds
will grow bigger and healthier?
a. The seeds in both cans will grow big and healthy.
b. The seeds in can with less fertilizer will grow bigger and healthier.
c. The seeds in can with many fertilizer will die.
d. The seeds in can with many fertilizer will grow bigger and healthier.

9. Which type of predictions is made based on observed data?

a. classification c. extrapolation
b. interpolation d. observation

10. Which of these concepts are always considered by a scientist?

a. Accurate observations are unnecessary to problems recognize.
b. Experiments provide information that will always support predictions.
c. Events in nature do not occur in a predictable way.
d. Predictions do not point a way to possible solution to a problem.

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Additional Activities

Activity 6: Try If You Can

Direction: Answer the question in the third column of the table by
writing your prediction based on the picture and description in
the first and second column. Write your answer in your
notebook.

Object Observation Prediction

1. What do you think
The caterpillar is running will happen to the
away from the chicken. caterpillar if it will be
Caterpillar caught by the chicken?
2. Predict what will
The stones are happen to the stones if
beautifully arranged. the water will splash on
Stone it.

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Activity 5: Care for my Opinion
Possible answer
The farmer will be at a loss. They will
get no gain from their produce.
Activity 4 Give Me What I Want
1. Predicting Activity 3: Can I Do It
2. Observation
3. Beyond Guide Questions:
4. Interpolation 1. Possible answer: NO
5. Extrapolation 2. If Yes, answer may vary
Activity 2 What I Am
1. Will not dissolve
2. Dissolve completely
3. will not dissolve
What I Know
4. dissolve completely 1. D
5. will not dissolved
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. B
Activity 1: Look After Me 7. B
Solid Liquid Gas 8. B
table Milk tea air 9. D
glass Lemon oxygen 10. D
juice
paper
umbrella
Answer Key
References
BOOKS
Albarico, Joni M, Avasar, Ruel G, Castor, Lucila G, (2010), Teaching guide in
Integrated Science pp. 11-13
Amasol, Teresita A, Balce, Marina, Galvez, Elvira & Lozano, Lourdes F., (2003),
Science & Technology for the Future 1 pp.13-15
Bayquen, Aristea V, Darvin-Faraon, Genevieve, Ferriols-Pavico, Josefina Ma, &
Silverio, Angelina A, Ramos, John Donnie A (Author-Coordinator) (2013),
Exploring Life Through Science Series pp. 33-40
Lastimado, Arturo V, Sabido, Gemma T & Tanora, Vicentius Invictus M, (2005),
Science & Technology 1 Integrated Science pp. 8-9
Mangubat, Ma. Carmina R, Rasalan, Elizabeth S (Author/Coordinator) (2005),
Integrated Science Laboratory Manual and Workbook pp. viii-x, 27-30
Rabago, Lilia M, Ph.D., Joaquin, Cresencia C, Ph.D, Ferrer, Diana L, Intong,
Mona Lisa A, Mingoa, Thelma R,(1997), Science and Technology General
Science Textbook for First Year pp. 316-318
(2006,2009), Integrated Science – Science & Technology for First Year p. 10

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

LAARNI A. PABIONA ELMER B. BILLANES

Subject Teacher SS Principal II
09998890108

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