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POTENTIAL AND KINETIC

ENERGY
For SCIENCE Grade 8
Quarter 1 - Week 3

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FOREWORD

Learning physics concepts could be intimidating because of its

problems that requires basic mathematical knowledge like algebra,
thus, learners tend to do away with working on physics modules. This
self-learning kit will offer the same “physics problems” but in a simpler
and contextualized examples where physics learners can relate to in
the concepts of Kinetic and Potential Energy. The writer uses simpler
examples and colorful illustrations with a step-by-step process in
solving Kinetic and Potential Energy problems.

Learners will surely enjoy and learn at the same time as they
scan through the pages of this self-learning kit. The writer makes sure
that the lesson will be interactive as it is not just a module but a story
in the journey of a young Kinetic and Potential energy wizard.

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OBJECTIVES
K: Distinguish Kinetic Energy (KE) and Potential Energy (PE).
S: Solve mathematical problems that deal with the concepts
of Kinetic Energy (KE) and Potential Energy (PE).
A: Gain understanding in the different factors that affect
Kinetic Energy (KE) and Potential Energy (PE) and its
significance to our daily lives.

LEARNING COMPTENCY

Identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic
Energy. S8FE-Ia-17-25

I. WHAT HAPPENED
I am Andrew and I will train you to be a Kinetic energy and
Potential Energy Wizard!

Hello! Welcome to another Journey in

Work, Power and Energy lessons in
Science 8! I hope you have reviewed your
lessons about Work in your previous
module.
I would like to congratulate you for
coming this far. I know you are very eager
to learn more! So let’s Begin our Journey

Lets have a Quick check first! Do you have a notebook with

you? How about a pen or a pencil? And ohh! Don’t forget
your calculator and a scratch paper. That will be very
essential in this journey.

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=adventurous-
man-travelbag-vector-illustration-design

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PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST

PRE-ACTIVITY
1
Directions: Determine which of the two objects shows potential energy and
which shows kinetic energy by writing down KE if the object shows kinetic
energy and PE if the object shows potential energy.

Object A: _____
Illustration1.
Kinetic and
Potential Energy Object B: ______

II. WHAT I NEED TO LEARN

Hello my friend! You have run through what’s waiting ahead

of us in the pre-test section of this manual. It’s Simple right? I
know you are now excited but let’s have a break for a while.
I will give you a bit of an overview in the concepts that we
will be learning today.

We will journey now to the world of moving and resting

objects. Are you familiar with it? Well, let me give you an
example. If you drop your notebook on the floor do you see it
moves? YES! It moved. Right? Can you name other objects
around you that are moving? Well, those objects possess
Kinetic Energy (KE).

How about an object that is at rest? Can you name

one? Let me give you an example. Can you see a box on top
of your cabinet or under your bed? Is it moving? Or resting?
Yes! It’s at rest. Now it’s your turn. Name an object found near
you that’s at rest. Those objects possess Potential Energy (PE).

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Can you define now Kinetic and potential energy?
You can write your initial answer on your notebook and
we will check it if it’s right or wrong at the end of this SLK.

Are you ready to be a Kinetic and Potential

energy wizard now? Let’s Go!

ACTIVITY
THE ROLLING BALL
Objectives:
1. Perform the rolling ball experiment.
2. Observe Kinetic and Potential Energy.
3. Define Kinetic and Potential Energy.

Materials Needed:
Ball
Table
Pencil/Pen
Notebook

Directions:
1. Place the ball on top of the table and observe.
Guide Question No.1: Does the ball has motion?
2. Now, push the ball with your hand.
Guide Question No.2: What happened to the ball?
Guide Question No.3: Can you see the ball roll down the
table? Guide Question No.4: Which instances can you
observe kinetic and potential energy?
Guide Question No.5: Define Kinetic and Potential Energy.

Let us first answer the activity here! Perform this

with your parents or guardians with extra care.

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DISCUSSION

Let’s take it slow. We will begin

our Journey with KINETIC
ENERGY (KE)!

KINETIC ENERGY

The energy of a moving object is called energy of motion or kinetic

energy (KE). The word kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos which means
moving. Kinetic energy quantifies the amount of work the object can do
because of its motion.
Formula:

KE= 1mv2
2
Where: m= mass (kg)
v= velocity (m/s)
The kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and velocity. This
shows that the greater the velocity and the mass of the object, the greater its
Kinetic energy (KE).

LETS PRACTICE!

ANSWER PROBLEMS
Your journey
RELATING TO KINETIC
ENERGY! towards being
a kinetic
energy wizard
starts here!

Sample problem
1. What is the Kinetic Energy (KE) of A Toy Car with a velocity of
12m/s and a mass of 1000g?

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Step 1: Identify the mass (m) and the velocity (v).
Here your mass (m) is 1000g and your velocity (v) is 12m/s East.

REMEMBER! Since you will need Kg for the get the Unit Joule
(J) let’s convert grams (g) to Kilograms (kg). Since 1000g is
equal to 1kg. Therefore, your mass (m) value is m = 1kg.

Step 2: Supply the given values to the formula KE=1/2 mv2.

Therefore your formula will be. KE = ½ (1kg) (12m/s)2

Step 3: Now you already have all the values you need.
Let’s now Solve for the Kinetic Energy (KE)!
Now, KE = ½ (1kg) (12m/s)2 You will need to get the
You are square of 12m/s by multiplying it by itself. So you
will need to multiply 12m/s X 12 m/s and you will
so
get 144 m2/s2.
close!

Step 4: We’ll be dealing with solutions.

Multiply ½ (1kg ) (144 m2/s2).

Step 5: Finally,

Since ½ . 1kg . 144 m2/s2 = 72 kg . m2/s2

= 72 kg . m/ s2 . m
= 72 N .m
= 72 Joules or J

Note: 1 Joule (J) is equal to 1N . m and

1Newton (N) is equal to 1 kg . m/s2

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You have now CONGRATUALTI
completed KINETIC ONS YOU ARE
ENERGY (KE)! Very NOW A KINETIC
simple right? You can ENERGY WIZARD!
practice more by
solving simple
problems relating to
KE all by yourself. JUST
FOLLOW THE FIVE (5)
SIMPLE STEPS!

Try this!
How much KE does a motorcycle
have if its mass is 800kg running at a
velocity of 12m/s?
(Answer: 57,600 J)

POTENTIAL ENERGY

An object gains energy when raised from the ground and loses energy
when made to fall. The energy gained or lost by the object is called
gravitational potential energy or simply potential energy (PE). It is simply
defined as energy at rest.

Formula:
PE= mgh

Where:
m= mass (kg)
g= acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2)
h= height (m)

The work done in lifting an object is equal to the potential energy

gained by the object. This shows that the higher the object’s height with
respect to the ground, the greater its potential energy (PE) gained.

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LET’S PRACTICE!

ANSWER PROBLEMS
RELATING TO POTENTIAL Your journey to being
ENERGY a potential energy
wizard starts here!

Sample problem
1. A 2kg box is lifted on top of a table with a
height of 1.5 meters from the floor. How
much potential energy is gained by the
box at this height?

Step 1: Identify the given values, the mass (m) and the Height
(h) of the object given in the problem.
Here, Your mass (m) is 2kg and height (h) of the object is
1.5m.

Step 2: Supply the given values in the formula PE=mgh.

Therefore you will have, PE= (2kg) (9.8m/s2) (1.5m)
NOTE that acceleration due to gravity (g) is a constant
value which is g= 9.8 m/s2

Step 3. You already have all the values you need. Let’s now
Solve for the PE!

Therefore, (2kg) (9.8m/s2)(1.5m) = 29.4 kg.m/s2.m

NOTE! Since the unit kg.m/s2.m is equal to (J) Joule therefore
your FINAL ANSWER will be PE= 29.4 J

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You have now
completed POTENTIAL
ENERGY (PE)! Very simple
right? You can practice
more by solving simple
problems relating to PE all
by yourself. JUST FOLLOW
THE THREE (3) SIMPLE
STEPS!

Try this!
A 0.5kg vase is placed on top of a 1m tall table.
How much PE does it possess with respect to the
floor?
(Answer: 4.9 Joules)

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Good Job! I am so proud of you for

finishing this journey with me!

What have your learned today? Can you now define and identify
Kinetic and Potential Energy? Great! Kinetic energy is defined as
energy in motion and it is possessed by moving objects like running
vehicles, motor cycle, walking cow or flying birds. Potential energy
on the other hand is defined as energy at rest and it’s possessed by
object at rest like a book on top of your table or a glass of water in
the dining table.

Can you still recall the formula in solving Kinetic and Potential energy
related problems? That’s great! Please write it down on your notes or
highlight it because it’s very essential in our last and final journey. The
Evaluation/ Assessment part of this module.

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Now you are all by yourself. This is the farthest
stage that I can accompany you but remember
you are now a kinetic and potential energy
wizard so I know you can make it! Good Luck
and don’t forget to check your notes at all times
as reference.

EVALUATION/POST TEST

Assessment 1 Directions: Label the illustration below with the

appropriate energy (Kinetic energy (KE) or Potential
Energy (PE)) displayed.

A motorcycle parked in A mango fruit falling from the

the parking lot tree

1. _______________________ 2. ______________________

A flower vase on top of a A Carabao Plowing a sugar

table cane field.

3.________________________ 4. _______________________
A basketball player
throwing a ball for a shot

5._____________________

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Assessment 2: Solve the Following Kinetic Energy (KE) and
5. ______________________________
Potential energy (PE) Problems and write down the letter of the
correct answer to your notebooks. Use the formula KE= 1/2mv2 and
PE=magh.
1. What is the KE a car with a mass of 1500kg running with a
velocity of 20m/s to the East?

a. 300,000 J b. 600,000 J c. 300 J d. 600 J

2. What is the PE of a box with a mass of 2.5kg placed 2.5 meters
from the ground? Note that ag =m/s2.
a. 61.25 J b. 60.00 J c. 36.75 J d. 36.00 J
3. Why do objects at rest possesses greater PE when placed at a
greater distance from the ground?
a. Because it is influenced mainly by the height of the
object with respect to the ground.
b. Because as objects goes higher from the ground, its mass
increases.
c. Because it is affected by the speed it possesses as it falls.
d. The distance of the object from the ground does not
matter at all.
4. What will happen to the KE of an object if its mass is doubled
but its velocity remains the same?
a. The KE will also be doubled
b. The KE remains the same.
c. The KE will be quadrupled.
d. Cannot be defined.
5. What will happen to the KE if the Velocity of an object is
doubled but the mass remains the same?
a. Since the KE is proportional to the square of the velocity,
therefore, if the velocity is doubled, the KE will be
quadrupled.
b. Since the KE is proportional to the square of the velocity,
therefore, if the velocity is doubled, the KE will be
doubled.
c. Since the KE is proportional to the square of the velocity,
therefore, if the velocity is doubled, the KE will remain the
same.
d. Cannot be defined.

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REFERENCES

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13
Department of Education
Schools Division of Negros Oriental
SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/ CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS– Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

ANDREW NIFF E. BALBON

Writer

RABBI E. BALBON/JANE C. RIVERA

Illustrator/ Layout Artist
______________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ADELINE FE D. DIMAANO, Ed. D.
VICENTE B. MONGCOPA
FLORENTINA P. PASAJINGUE

BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR. JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY LESTER C. PABALINAS
MERCY G. DAGOY ARJIE T. PALUMPA
ROWENA R. DINOKOT

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Mr. Andrew Niff E. Balbon,

finished his Bachelor’s Degree
in Secondary Education at
NORSU-Bais major in
Biological Sciences in 2010.
He also finished his Masters
Degree in Education major in
general science at
Foundation University in 2019.
Currently he is a teacher 3 at
Sampiniton Provincial
Community High School of
Manjuyod District 1 in the
Division of Negros Oriental.

ILLUSTRATOR
Mr. Rabbi E. Balbon, finished his Bachelor’s Degree in
Secondary Education at NORSU-Bais major in Biological
Sciences in 2015. He is a freelance artist and a supporter
of visual arts for the youth. He is a teacher 1 at ANHS
Carol-an Extension Ayungon District 2 in the Division of
Negros Oriental.

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