Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

9
SCIENCE
Quarter 3 - Module 1
TYPES OF VOLCANOES
AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

Name of Learner:
Grade & Section:
Name of School:
Science – Grade 9
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions
First Edition, 2021

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ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Adora J. Balanay
Writer:
Maryjoie S. Cañete Maryjoie S. Cañete
Editor:
Reviewer:

Layout Artists:Franklin Benitez, Oliver A. Manalo

Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr.- Schools Division Superintendent Lourma I.
Poculan- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Amelinda D. Montero - Chief
Education Supervisor, CID
Nur N. Hussien- Chief Education Supervisor, SGOD Ronillo S. Yarag- Education
Program Supervisor, LRMS Zyhrine P. Mayormita - Education Program Supervisor,
Science Leo Martinno O. Alejo - Project Development Officer II, LRMS Vilma C.
Velasco- Public Schools District Supervisor
Virginia E. Tagab- School Principal, Miputak NHS

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region IX – Dipolog City Schools Division

Office Address: Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog City

Zamboanga del Norte, 7100
Telefax: (065) 212-6986 and (065) 212-5818
E-mail Address: [email protected]
What I Need to Know
The Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7,100 islands. Most of these
islands are of volcanic origin. The Philippines is surrounded by plates (slabs of solid
rocks) where volcanoes usually formed, making it vulnerable to volcanic eruptions
and earthquakes. The Philippines lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
In the previous grade level, you have learned the basic concepts about
volcanoes. The lessons and activities covered in this module allow you to explore
more about this beautiful yet potentially destructive landform – volcano and volcanic
eruptions.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions.

What's In
Activity 1: Remember Me!
Directions:
A. Read each statement carefully. Select the correct term from the word bank
and write your answer in the blank space provided.
1. opening in the Earth’s crust through which gases, ash and lava
lava vent conduit volcanic ash crater
escape
2. mixture of rock, mineral and glass particles erupted during
volcanic eruption
3. mouth of the volcano that surrounds the volcanic vent
4. underground passage where magma travels through
5. molten rock that erupts from a volcano and solidifies as it cools
B. Determine the external parts of a volcano using the telegraph Morse code
and write each term in the concept map.

Figure 1. Morse Code

(Source: Discovery World Organization)

1. •••−/ • / −• / − 3. −•−•/ −−− / −• / •

2. •••/••−/−−/−−/••/− 4. −•−• / •−• / •− / − / • / •−•

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1. 3.

Parts of a VOLCANO

2. 4.

Figure 2. External Parts of a Volcano

What's New
Activity 2: Picture Out!
Directions: Describe Mayon Volcano in the picture by filling in the correct answer in the
concept map below.

Figure 3. Mt. Mayon

(Picture Credits: USGS)

VOLCANO

State: Active/Inactive? What material(s) is/are release

What is the shape?

Figure 4. Concept Map of Volcano

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Some of us may not have seen the actual Mayon volcano but have seen
photographs of this famous Philippine tourist spot. In the activity, you were able to
describe the external parts of the volcano. But how are volcanoes classified? Let us
find out in the next part of this module.

What is it
A volcano is a vent that
directly connects magma to the
surface of the Earth. It is also
described as a mountain or hill,
typically conical, having a crater or
vent through which lava, rock
fragments, hot vapor, and gas are
being erupted from the Earth's crust.

The summit is the highest

point of a volcano. The crater, which
is the mouth of the volcano, is
sometimes confused with a caldera.
A caldera is a large depression
formed when a volcano erupts and
collapses. The
conduit is the pipe or the channel that conveys the magma. The secondary pipes or
the branch pipes originate from the conduit. Figure 5. Parts of Volcano
Magma comes from a large underground (Credits: free-vector)
pool of molten rocks called the magma chamber or the magma reservoir.

Volcanoes are classified as active and inactive based on their behavior or

historical records of eruptions. The accounts of the eruption are documented and
analyzed based only on datable materials. Within the last 600 years, active
volcanoes have
erupted, and accounts
of these eruptions were
recorded by man within
the last 10,000 years
based on the analyses of
material from young
volcanic deposits. They
are likely to erupt again.
Mt. Mayon in the
Philippines is an active
volcano. An inactive
volcano being dormant
is sometimes called a Figure 6. Classification of Volcanoes based on Periodicity of Eruptions
(Source: https://smoothknowledge.com/2017/10/21/periodicity-of-eruption/)
"sleeping volcano" that
has not erupted for a very long time but may erupt at a future time.
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Some volcanoes are classified as extinct. They are not expected to erupt in
the future like the ancient Mt. Kenya in Africa.

What are the different types of volcanoes?

Volcanoes are classified based on shape as follows:

Composite volcanoes or
stratovolcanoes are large,
nearly perfect sloped
structures formed by alternate
solidification of both lava and
pyroclastic deposits formed
from multiple eruptions. This
type of volcano is commonly
found in the Pacific Ring of Figure 7. Composite Cone Volcano Figure 8. Mayon Volcano
(Credit: mohammedshrine.org) (Photo Credit: vigattintourism.com)
Fire. One perfect example is
Mayon Volcano.

A shield volcano is very big

in size, formed by the
accumulation of lava that
oozes out from the volcano.
Since non-viscous lava can
flow freely, a broad and
slightly domed
structure that
resembles a warrior's shield is Figure 10. The Mauna Loa
formed. They are not as Figure 9. Shield Cone Volcano (Photo Credits: townandtourist.com)
(Credits: mohammedshrine.org)
dangerous as that size might
make it seem because the
eruption of lava out of shield volcanoes is not accompanied by pyroclastic material
(bursts of gas and particles). An example of this type of volcano is Mauna Loa in
Hawaii.

A cinder cone volcano,

also known as a scoria cone,
is the simplest type of volcano.
It is formed when explosive
activity throws magma into the
air, which cools into cinders
and settles around the
volcano's opening. The
eruption contains little lava, as
the magma
hardens and breaks into pieces Figure 12. Paricutin
Figure 11. Cinder Cone
during the explosion. As a Volcano Volcano
result, cinder cone volcanoes (Credits: mohammedshrine.org)

tend to be smaller than other types of volcanoes. An example of this type is Paricutin
Volcano in Mexico, the Lava Butte, and Sunset Crate.

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What are the different types of volcanic eruptions?

Volcanoes erupt differently. Volcanologists classify eruptions into several

different types. Some are named for particular volcanoes where the type of eruption
is common; others are for the resulting shape of the eruptive products or the place
where the eruptions occur. They are generally classified as wet or dry depending on
the magma's water content. Here are some of the most common types of eruptions.

Volcanoes are described according to the style of the eruption as follows:

a. Phreatic or hydrothermal
It is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks
come in contact with water. It is short-lived,
characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of
a more enormous eruption. The Taal Volcano in
Batangas has this type of eruption.
Figure 13. Taal Volcano
b. Phreatomagmatic (Photo Credits: USGS)

A violent volcanic eruption due to the contact

between water and magma and can be very
explosive. The water can be from groundwater,
hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake, or the
sea. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and
high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics
called base surges are observed.
Figure 14. Surtsey Volcano in Iceland
(Photo Credits: curiousatlas.com)
c. Strombolian
A periodic weak to violent eruption
characterized by fountain lava, the explosions
usually occur every few minutes at regular or
irregular intervals. The bursts of lava, which can
reach hundreds of meters, are caused by the
bursting of large bubbles of gas, which travel
upward in the magma-filled conduit until they
reach the open air like the Irazu Volcano in Costa
Rica.
They are one of the least violent explosive
eruptions, although they can still be very Figure 15. Irazu Volcano
(Photo Credits: USGS)
dangerous if lava flows reach inhabited areas.

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d. Vulcanian
This type of eruption results from the
fragmentation and explosion of a lava plug in a
volcanic conduit or from the rupture of a lava
dome (viscous lava that piles up over a vent).
Vulcanian eruptions create powerful explosions
in which material can travel faster than 350
meters per second (800 mph) and rise several
kilometers into the air. They produce tephra,
ash clouds, and pyroclastic dense currents
(clouds of hot ash, gas, and rock that flow
almost like fluids). An example is the Paricutin
Figure 16. Paricutin Volcano
Volcano in Mexico. (Photo Credits: USGS)

Vulcanian eruptions may be repetitive and go on for days, months, or years,

or they may precede even larger explosive eruptions.

e. Plinian
It is described as an excessively explosive and
violent type of eruption where gases boiling out of
gas-rich magma generate massive and nearly
continuous spurting blasts that core out the
magma conduit and rip it apart. The eruption
columns of gases and volcanic fragments that can
rise to 50 km (35 miles) high at speeds of
hundreds of meters per second resemble a
gigantic rocket blast directed vertically upward.
Plinian eruption Figure 17. Pinatubo Volcano
clouds can rise into the stratosphere and are (Photo Credits: USGS)
sometimes continuously produced for several hours.
Ash from the eruption column can drift or be blown hundreds or thousands of
miles away from the volcano, just like the Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales.
Lightning strikes caused by a buildup of static electricity are commonly seen close
to Plinian ash clouds, adding one more terror element to the eruption.

Volcanic eruptions happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic
vent. The most dangerous type of volcanic eruption is referred to as a 'glowing
avalanche.' This happens when freshly erupted magma forms hot pyroclastic flows
with temperatures of up to 1,200 degrees Celsius.

Volcanic eruptions are one of Earth's most dramatic and violent agents of
change. Not only can powerful explosive eruptions drastically alter land and water
forms for tens of kilometers around a volcano, but tiny liquid droplets of sulfuric
acid erupted into the stratosphere can change our planet's climate temporarily.

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What's More
Activity 3: Check Me!
Directions: Indicate a check () mark for the following volcanoes in the Philippines to
identify the active from inactive volcanoes. Refer to the number of historical records of
eruptions.
Number of
Volcano Historical Record Last INACTI
Erupted ACTIVE
of Eruptions VE
1. Mayon in Albay 48 2018
2. Musuan in Bukidnon 2 1887
3. Mount Cabaluyan 0 -
4. Mount Camiguin 1 1857
5. Mount Cocoro 0 -
6. Mount Hibok-Hibok 6 1902
7. Mount Iraya 1 1454
8. Mount Kanlaon 26 2006
9. Mount Makaturing 2 1858
10. Mount Pinatubo 3 1993
11.Mount Pulung 0 -
12. Mount Smith 6 1924
13. Mount Taal 34 2020
14. Mount Tamburok 0 -
15. Mount Urot 0 -
(Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, accessed September 30, 2013)

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Find Me, Buddy!
Directions: Search and encircle the terms associated with volcanoes found in
the word bank.
WORD SEARCH

Word Bank P E C L I P E Y E A O M
W D R K A F V A B R B A
ASH
P S A W O V O Y O A J I
LAVA P I T A V O A A S B E N
X C E S P D T E K E C V
MAIN VENT
T M R H E H E S J O T E
MAGMA A M I R R O R T C F I N
P N A A Y A I A Z O V T
CRATER
Q L M G O R S G G S E U
I B P Y M A T E T M S X
N O S E P A E C E E G C
N Z R I S W E V M H G O

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Activity 5A: Complete Me!
Direction: Use the word bank to fill in the blank spaces and complete the
paragraphs below.

Word Bank
composite steep lava volcano Earth’s
crust ash magma hardened gases

A is an opening in the crust where liquid rock called escapes onto the surface. Scientists call this a
of flowing lava; others erupt explosively with hot and cinders.

The most explosive volcanoes are known as volcanoes. They explosively erupt with high amounts of ash,
area with gently sloping sides.

Activity 5B: Volca-Know Concept Mapping

Direction: Complete the concept map by supplying the appropriate term (word or
phrase) to summarize the key concepts you have learned about volcanoes.

are 1. abundant in the Philippines

because 2.

classified into: 3. are active if are inactive if 5. are extinct if 6.

4.

which are also classified based on type of For

eruption as:
example: For example: 9. For example:
7. 8. 10.

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What I Can Do

Activity 6: Let's Know It!

Directions: Read the Taal Volcano bulletin report dated January 24, 2020, and
answer the following questions.

TAAL VOLCANO BULLETIN, January 24, 2020 @ 8:00 A.M.

Volcano icon for bulletin Activity in the Main Crater in the past 24 hours has been
characterized by weak to moderate emission of white steam-laden plumes 50 to 500 meters
high from the Main Crater that drifted southwest. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission was
measured at an average of 224 tonnes/day.

The Philippine Seismic Network (PSN) plotted a total of seven hundred thirty-eight
(738) volcanic earthquakes since 1:00 PM, January 12, 2020. One hundred seventy-six (176)
of these registered at magnitudes M1.2-M4.1 and were felt at Intensities I-V. Since 5:00 AM
on January 23, 2020 until 5:00 AM today, there were seven (7) volcanic earthquakes plotted
that registered at magnitudes M1.2-M2.7 with no felt event.

For the past 24 hours, the Taal Volcano Network, which can record small earthquakes
undetectable by the PSN, recorded four hundred eighty-six (486) volcanic earthquakes
including four (4) low-frequency earthquakes. Such intense activity likely signifies
continuous magmatic intrusion beneath the Taal edifice, which may lead to further eruptive

Alert Level 4 still remains in effect over Taal Volcano. This means that hazardous
explosive eruption is possible within hours to days. DOST-PHIVOLCS strongly reiterates total
evacuation of Taal Volcano Island and high-risk areas as identified in the hazard maps within
the 14-km radius from Taal Main Crater and along the Pansipit River Valley where fissuring
has been observed. Based on PAGASA wind forecast, if the eruption plume remains below five
(5) km, ash will be drifted to the municipalities west and northwest of the Main Crater;
however, if a major eruption occurs during the day and the eruption column exceeds 7 km,
ash will also be drifted over the western parts of Laguna and Quezon provinces. Residents
around the volcano are advised to guard against the effects of heavy and prolonged ashfall.
Civil aviation authorities must advise pilots to avoid the airspace around Taal Volcano as
airborne ash and ballistic fragments from the eruption column pose hazards to aircraft.
DOST- PHIVOLCS is continually monitoring the eruption and will update all stakeholders of
further developments.
DOST-PHIVOLCS

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Activity Questions:
Q1. Based on the bulletin report, what type of volcanic eruption did Taal Volcano
have?

Q2. What other geologic event was associated with Taal Volcano eruption?

Q3. What were the emergency plans prepared or conducted by LGU Batangas City
in coordination with DOST-PHIVOLCS for the safety of its residents?

Assessment
Direction: Read each statement carefully and circle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. What type of volcano is commonly found in the Pacific Ring of Fire?

A. Cinder volcano C. Shield volcano
B. Scoria cone D. Stratovolcano
2. The semi-molten rock underneath a volcano is called .
A. Geyser C. Lava
B. Lahar D. Magma
3. A volcano that is said to be dormant is classified as .
A. Active C. Inactive
B. Extinct D. Tectonic
4. What part of a typical volcano is described as the opening through which
volcanic materials are ejected?
A. Vent C. Crater
B. Flank D. Ash layer
5. Which of the following is NOT a type of volcano base on shape?
A. Composite C. Shield
B. Vulcanian D. Cinder
6. Which type of volcano has broad summit areas, which makes it resemble a
warrior's shield?
A. Composite C. Cinder cone
B. Shield D. Inactive

7. What type of volcano has a steep conical hill of volcanic debris deposited around
a volcanic vent?
A. Extinct C. Cinder cone
B. Composite D. Shield
8. Which of the following volcanoes is inactive or dormant?
A. Mt. Apo C. Mt. Urot
B. Mt. Iraya D. Mt. Hibok-hibok

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9. What type of volcanic eruption results from the fragmentation and explosion of
a plug of lava in a volcanic conduit, or from the rupture of a lava dome?
A. Plinian
B. Strombolian
C. Vulcanian
D. Phreatomagmatic
10. Which one is NOT a common sign that a volcano is about to erupt?
A. Occurrence of volcanic tremors
B. Crater glow due to the presence of magma at or near the crater
C. Rocks falls and landslide from the summit after days of heavy rains
D. Change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to entrained
ash

Additional Activities
Activity 7: Create Me!
Materials Needed: bond paper, crayons, color pens, pencil
Procedure:

1. Draw a model of a volcano on a bond paper.

2. Put colors using crayons or color pens.
3. Label each part correctly.
4. Refer to the rubric for your guidance in the making of your output.

Rubric
Criteria Not Good - 1 Good - 2 Very Good - 3
Volcano Incomplete and not Mostly complete and Complete and accurate
Information/ accurate. Learning needs accurate. Learning is information was
Label reinforcement. somewhat evident given. Learning is
evident
Craftmanship Work is not neat and Work is organized, neat, Work is organized and
and Creativity seems haphazardly and planned. Few well-planned; neat
done. Necessary creative creative details are and attractive.
details are displayed. added to the basics. Output has many
creative details.

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Answer Key Gr9Q3Module1

What's In What’s More

Activity # 3 Check Me!
Activity 1: Remember Me!
A.
1. vent
2. volcanic ash
3. crater
4. conduit
5. lava

B.
1.vent
2.sum
mit
3.cone
4.crater

Whats New

Activity 2: Picture Out!

Box #1- active
Box #2-cone shape
Box #3- ash, lava

What I have learn Activity 5: Complete Me!

Activity 4: Find Me Buddy!
A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust where a liquid rock called magma
escapes onto the surface. Scientist calls this a volcanic eruption. Once on the
surface, the magma is called lava and can flow for many miles. Not all eruption is
the same. Different types of volcanoes erupt in different ways. Some volcanoes
erupt with lots of flowing lava; others erupt explosively with hot ash and cinders.

The most explosive volcanoes are known as composite volcanoes. They

explosively erupt with high amounts of ash, and deadly gases. Cinder cones
are usually less than 1000 feet tall and have very steep sides. Although small,
they can do damage with a high amount of ash and cinder materials. Shield
volcanoes are made of hardened lava from past eruptions. The lava spreads out
to form a new crust and covers a large area with gently sloping sides.

What I can do
Activity 6: Let's Know It!

1. phreatomagmatic eruption
2. volcanic earthquake
3. Total evacuation in the high-risk area in Taal Volcano, no
airspace around Taal Volcano, and intensive monitoring of
volcanic activity.

Assessment

1. d
2. d
3. d
4. b
5. d
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. c

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References
Printed Materials

Department of Education, (2014). Unit 3: Earth and Space, Science Learner's

Module 9
(pp 163-179).Pasig City, Philippines

Department of Education, (2014). Unit 3: Earth and Space, Science Teacher's

Guide Module 9
Pasig City, Philippines

Online Resources

Morse Code
Source:https://www.discoveryworld.org/about/blog/discover_at_home/morse-
code/

Parts of Volcano
https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/part-volcano_10107691.htm

Classification of Volcanoes based on Periodicity of Eruptions

Source: https://smoothknowledge.com/2017/10/21/periodicity-of-eruption/

Types of volcano
Source: http://istic.venet.wigeg.mohammedshrine.org/ash-cinder-volcano-diagram-
shield-volcano.html

Different types of volcanoes

https://owlcation.com/stem/4-Different-Types-of-Volcanoes-Cinder-Cones-Lava-
Domes-Shield-and-Composite-Volcanoes

Types of Volcanic eruption

https://geology.com/volcanoes/types-of-volcanic-eruptions/
https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/eruptions.html

Surtsey Volcano in Iceland

Source: http://www.curiousatlas.com/surtsey-newest-island-world/

https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcanoes-of-the-
philippines

Volcanoes Types and Parts

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Volcano-Types-and-Parts-Information-
and-Diagram-1812740

DOST-PHIVOLCS Taal Volcano Report

https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/taal-volcano-bulletin-menu/9685-
taal-volcano-bulletin-24-january-2020-8-00-a-m

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