WEEK 9-WEEK 12

GROUP 1-MODULE 9 CAREER PATHWAYS

OBJECTIVES
1. Understand the external factors influencing career choices that may help them in career
decision making;
2. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of various career option with the guidance of
parent, teacher, or counselor; and
3. Prepare a career plan based on their personal goal and external factors influencing career
choices

What is a Career?
The difference between a job and a career?
A job and a career are usually used in the same context, but they mean different things. While
both
are focused on how you earn your money, there are more differences than you may realize.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A JOB AND A CAREER

JOB CAREER
• A job is more short-term oriented and tends • On the other hand, a career is a series of
to focus purely on earning money. related employment in one field that provides
• A job is something you simply do for the experience for your future and helps you
money. Usually, jobs have a small impact earn a better pay check and living status.
on future resumes because they are not • A career is all about building up skills through
typically related to what your career is or various employment opportunities, giving you
will be. Also, jobs usually offer less the ability to move on to higher paying and
networking opportunities because your co- more prestigious ones. Careers provide a
workers often will not be continuing on to foundation of experiences that help fuel your
the same field as you in your future career. professional life for many years.
• Most jobs consist of hourly wages, are more • Careers are more long-term and are about
short-term, and focus on getting a task learning, gaining experience, building
done. connections, and putting yourself in the right
• That’s not to say that jobs aren’t valuable. position for promotions and raises. Also,
Jobs show your work ethic, which is careers tend to be more salary based, as
important to future employers, and money opposed to hourly based like jobs, and often
include benefits such as paid time off and
pays the bills! Jobs can help prepare you
healthcare.
for a career by providing you with valuable
• While more education is often required for a
skills like time management and
career, you don’t need to spend the rest of
communication.
your life in school just to get ahead.
A common misconception is that you need many years of education to earn a decent career, but there are
many careers that only require an associate degree that will greatly improve your paycheck and
satisfaction with your working life.Preparing a career plan based on your personal goal and external
factors influencing career choices by considering this steps, career map and knowing your interest and
goals.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
Right questions Wrong questions x What
What will make me happy? jobs are in demand?
What am I passionate about? x What are the highest paying job? x What jobs can
I do abroad? x What jobs require minimal effort for
What do I dream of doing?
high school? x What jobs have the shortest hours?
What do I really want to do? x Which career can get me promoted
faster? x What jobs are expanding quickly?

After High School, it is IMPORTANT to go to college or vocational school. Students who go

to college or vocational school can get better jobs than those who don’t. There are some jobs
available to high school graduates but there are MORE jobs available to graduates of college or
technical schools.

WORK/OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS AND INTERESTS

Psychologist John Holland classified jobs/careers/work environments into six:
Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising and Conventional. There are no pure
classifications, though. A person's job function may combine ESA (Enterprising, Social and Artistic)
or ISC (Investigative, Social and Conventional) or any two or three other possible combinations.
Holland also classifies personalities or interests into the same six types: Realistic,
Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising and Conventional. Again, there are no pure interest
types. A person may also be ESA (Enterprising-Social-Artistic) or ISC (Investigative-Social-
Conventional) or any two or three possible combinations.
Interests Types Work/Occupational Environments
Realistic Realistic
Investigative Investigative
Artistic Artistic
Social Social
Enterprising Enterprising
Conventional Conventional

If our interest patterns are ESA (i.e., Enterprising, Social and Artistic) we will be attracted to a
job/career in which the work activities are ESA.

Look at the letters listed with each party group and their corresponding descriptions
below. Think about how much you would or would not enjoy working in the types of situations
discussed and how the characteristics mentioned relate to your own personality and interests.

As a further note, these themes can be combined to produce several hundred job
personality types, each of which has something different to say about the match between an
individual and an occupation. For example, a person who is primarily “realistic” (R) might also be
“artistic” (A) and “enterprising” (E) and would probably find a job doing public relations layouts for
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources satisfying. Consider your examination of
these areas, here, as a good first step in further career and self-understanding.

R = Realistic
People high on the realistic theme tend to enjoy creating things with their hands and
working with tools and objects rather than working with people and ideas. Realistic people
tend to be rugged and practical, enjoying work outdoors.
Example of occupations that are primarily realistic in nature are: forester, industrial arts
teacher, radio operator, auto engineer, mechanical engineer, mining engineer, vocational
agriculture teacher, civil engineer, industrial engineering technician, aircraft mechanic,
mechanical engineer technician, fish and game warden, surveyor, dental technician, architectural
draftsman, electrician, jeweler, powerhouse repairman, tool and die maker, machinist, mechanic,
stone cutter, locksmith, nuclear reactor technician, tree surgeon, piano tuner, typesetter, air
conditioning engineer, ship pilot, instrument mechanic, motion picture projectionist, carpenter,
tailor, machine repairer.

I = Investigative
Occupations high in investigative characteristics tend to focus on scientific activities. People high on this
theme would often rather work alone than with other people and are usually seen as idea-oriented and
creative in scientific areas such as research. They are analytical, abstract, and intellectual and task
oriented.
Some specific investigative jobs are: economist, internist, physician, anthropologist, astronomer,
pathologist, physicist, chemist, production planner, medical lab assistant, tv repairer, biologist, osteopath,
chiropractor, math teacher, natural science teacher, optometrist, psychiatrist, psychologist, medical
technologist, bacteriologist, physiologist, research analyst, computer analyst, programmer, pharmacist,
actuary, quality control technician, computer operator, geologist, mathematician/statistician, surgeon,
meteorologist, agronomist, animal scientist, botanist, zoologist, horticulturist, natural scientist,
oceanographer, biochemist, veterinarian, geographer, x-ray technician, administrator, dentist, tool
designer, chemical lab technician, engineers such as aircraft, chemical, electrical, metallurgical, radio/tv
technician, engineering aide, weather observer.

A = Artistic
People who score high on the artistic theme are artistically inclined, and usually describe themselves as
independent, imaginative, creative, and unconventional; They enjoy situations that allow them freedom to
be original, prefer to work in an unstructured environment, and are usually dissatisfied if they are forced
to follow many rules and procedures. They enjoy activities related to language, art, music, drama, writing,
etc.
Some primarily artistic jobs include drama coach, language teacher, journalist-reporter, drama teacher,
foreign language interpreter, philosopher, art teacher, literature teacher, music teacher, musician,
orchestra conductor, advertising manager, entertainer, public relations person, fashion model, writer,
editor, radio program writer, dramatist, actor/actress, designer, interior decorator, critic, fashion
illustrator, furniture designer, jewelry designer, furrier, garment designer, decorator, architect, artist,
photographer, photograph retoucher, photo lithographer (printer), music arranger, composer.

S = Social
People high on the social theme are usually seen by others as sociable, popular, and responsible. They
prefer social interaction and social presence. They are often interested in the problems and concerns of
others, and like activities that allow them to teach, inform, train, develop, cure and help others.
Jobs that involve these personality aspects include education, teaching, social welfare, human
development, counseling, health professions (medicine, nursing, etc.), social service, compensation
advising, etc. In addition, dorm director, interviewer, employment representative, funeral director,
chamber of commerce executive, employee benefits approver, food service manager, claim adjuster,
production expediter, health and welfare coordinator, educational administrator, training director,
historian, environmental health engineer, home service rep., community recreation administrator,
business agent, extension agent, physical education teacher, building superintendent, therapist, political
scientist, sociologist, social and group worker, personnel director, food and drug inspector, teacher,
minister, librarian, foreign service officer, history teacher are in jobs in this interest area.

E = Enterprising
Occupations that are primarily enterprising in nature usually involve situations where the person is in a
position of leading or convincing others to achieve team/organizational goals or economic gain. People
high on this theme are often seen as enthusiastic, dominant, and impatient.
Some primarily enterprising jobs include those of sales and marketing field, banker, insurance
underwriter, real estate appraiser, florist, industrial engineer, contractor, warehouse manager,
salesperson-technical products, lawyer, judge, attorney, tv/radio announcer, branch manager, director
industrial relations, government official, insurance manager, managers such as restaurant/ office/
traffic/human resource/production, etc., salary and wage administrator, labor arbitrator, systems analyst,
director of compensation and benefits, securities salesperson, human resource recruiter.

C = Conventional
High conventional people tend to prefer jobs where they are given firm structure and know exactly what is
expected of them. People who rank high on this theme often describe themselves as conscientious,
efficient, and calm. They enjoy activities that involve the precise, ordered use of data such as keeping and
filing records, organizing data, computing, printing, etc.
They enjoy words and numbers and systematic and structured jobs such as clerical, administrative, time
study analyst, business (commercial) teacher, finance expert, accountant, credit manager, timekeeper,
auto writing machine operator, bookkeeping machine operator, estimator, foreign trade clerk, office
worker, payroll clerk, accounting machine operator, personnel clerk, sales correspondent, reservations
agent, bookkeeper, cashier, secretary, medical secretary, library assistant, data processing worker, mail
clerk, personnel secretary, proofreader, and the like.
Requirements for a Career Path
Some people have deliberate, well-planned career paths. Others take things one job at a time, adjusting
as their goals and preferences change. Either approach (or a combination of the two) can be successful.
Here are a few ways you can position yourself for a successful career path:

Be in learning mode: Today’s job market moves quickly. To keep up, you need to be prepared to add to
your skillset. To find out which skills are most in demand in your industry, take a look at your peers'
LinkedIn profiles. You’ll learn which skills you’ll need to advance.
Network: Connecting with your peers can help you identify new directions for your career, even if you’re
not interested in job hopping at the moment.
Be flexible: Don’t hold too tightly to your career plan. Be open to opportunity and keep your ultimate
goals in mind. What’s important to you? What do you enjoy about your job and career, and what would you
prefer to minimize at your next gig?
Don’t be afraid of a lateral move: Sometimes you need to move sideways (or even backward) to get
ahead. If a job offers you a chance to develop skills or connections that will be valuable later on, be open
to a lateral move.

Key Takeaways
A career path is a sequence of jobs that leads to your career goals.
Your career path may not be linear.
You can chart a path through one or more industries or within your organization.
Many career paths involve increasing levels of responsibility.
To develop a career path, connect with your peers and take advantage of opportunities to improve your
skillset.
GROUP 2- MODULE 10: FAMILY STRUCTURES AND LEGACIES

At the end of this module;

1. appraise your family structure and the type of care you give and receive, which may help in
understanding yourself better.
2. make a genogram and trace certain physical, personality and behavioural attributes through
generations and;
3. prepare a plan on how to make your family members firmer and gentler with each other.

GENOGRAM
A genogram (pronounced: jen-uh-gram) is a graphic representation of a family tree that
displays detailed data on relationships among individuals. It goes beyond a traditional family tree
by allowing the user to analyze hereditary patterns and psychological factors that punctuate
relationships. Genograms allow a therapist and his patient to quickly identify and understand
various patterns in the patient's family history which may have had an influence on the patient's
current state of mind. The genogram maps out relationships and traits that may otherwise be
missed on a pedigree chart.
Genograms were first developed and popularized in clinical settings by Monica McGoldrick
and Randy Gerson through the publication of a book in 1985. Genograms are now used by various
groups of people in a variety of fields such as medicine, psychology, social work, genealogy, genetic
research, and education. There are many books and websites on the topic of genograms
Genograms contain a wealth of information on the families represented. First, they contain basic
data found in family trees such as the name, gender, date of birth, and date of death of each
individual. Additional data may include education, occupation, major life events, chronic illnesses,
social behaviors, nature of family relationships, emotional relationships, and social relationships.
Some genograms also include information on disorders running in the family such as alcoholism,
depression, diseases, alliances, and living situations. Genograms can vary significantly because
there is no limitation as to what type of data can be included.
The traditional family structure is considered a family support system which involved two married
individuals providing care and stability for their biological offspring.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF FAMILY STRUCTURES
Nuclear Family-a family unit consisting of father, mother and dependent children, considered as
traditional family
Extended family: A family consisting of parents and children, along with either grandparents,
grandchildren, aunts or uncles, cousins etc. In some circumstances, the extended family comes to
live either with or in place of a member of the nuclear family.
• Step families: Two families brought together due to divorce, separation, and
remarriage.
• Single parent family: This can be either a father or a mother who is singly responsible
for the raising of a child. The child can be by birth or adoption. They may be a single
parent by choice or by life circumstances. The other parent may have been part of the
family at one time or not at all.
• Adoptive family: A family where one or more of the children has been adopted. Any
structure of family may also be an adoptive family.
• Bi-racial or multi-racial family: A family where the parents are members of different
racial identity groups.
• Trans-racial adoptive family: A family where the adopted child is of a different racial
identity group than the parents.
• Blended family: A family that consists of members from two (or more) previous
families.
• Conditionally separated families: A family member is separated from the rest of the
family. This may be due to employment far away; military service; incarceration;
hospitalization. They remain significant members of the family.
• Foster family: A family where one or more of the children is legally a temporary
member of the household. This “temporary” period may be as short as a few days or as
long as the child’s entire childhood.
• Gay or Lesbian family: A family where one or both of the parents’ sexual orientation is
gay or lesbian. This may be a two-parent family, an adoptive family, a single
parent
family or an extended family.
• Immigrant family: A family where the parents have immigrated to another country as
adults. Their children may or may not be immigrants. Some family members may
continue to live in the country of origin, but still be significant figures in the life of the
child.
• Migrant family: A family that moves regularly to places where they have employment.
The most common form of migrant family is farm workers who move with the crop
seasons. Children may have a relatively stable community of people who move at the
same time - or the family may know no one in each new setting. Military families may
also lead a migrant life, with frequent relocation, often on short notice.

EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL AND SPIRITUAL LEGACY

FAMILY LEGACIES
No matter who we are, where we live, or what our goals may be, we all have one thing in
common: a heritage. That is, a social, emotional and spiritual legacy passed on from parent to child.
Every one of us is passed a heritage, lives out a heritage, and gives a heritage to our family. It's not
an option. Parents always pass to their children a legacy … good, bad or some of both.
A spiritual, emotional and social legacy is like a three-stranded cord. Individually, each
strand cannot hold much weight. But wrapped together, they are strong. That's why passing on a
positive, affirming legacy is so important and why a negative legacy can be so destructive. The good
news is that you can decide to pass a positive legacy on to your children whether you received one
or not.
Today, if we don't intentionally pass a legacy consistent with our beliefs to our children, our
culture will pass along its own, often leading to a negative end. It is important to remember that
passing on a spiritual, emotional and social legacy is a process, not an event. As parents, we are
responsible for the process. God is responsible for the product.
The Emotional Legacy
In order to prosper, our children need an enduring sense of security and stability nurtured in an
environment of
safety and love.
The Social Legacy
To really succeed in life, our children need to learn more than management techniques, accounting,
reading, writing and geometry. They need to learn the fine art of relating to people. If they learn
how to relate well to others, they'll have an edge in the game of life.
The Spiritual Legacy
The Spiritual Legacy is overlooked by many, but that's a mistake. As spiritual beings, we adopt
attitudes and beliefs about spiritual matters from one source or another. As parents, we need to
take the initiative and present our faith to our children.
The Emotional Legacy
Sadly, many of us struggle to overcome a negative emotional legacy that hinders our ability to cope
with the inevitable struggles of life. But imagine yourself giving warm family memories to your
child. You can create an atmosphere that provides a child's fragile spirit with the nourishment and
support needed for healthy emotional growth. It will require time and consistency to develop a
sense of emotional wholeness, but the rewards are great.
A strong emotional legacy:
• Provides a safe environment in which deep emotional roots can grow.
• Fosters confidence through stability.
• Conveys a tone of trusting support.
• Nurtures a strong sense of positive identity.
• Creates a “resting place” for the soul.
• Demonstrates unconditional love.
Which characteristics would you like to build into the legacy you pass along to your children? Even
if you don't
hit the exact mark, setting up the right target is an important first step.

The Social Legacy

In order to prosper, our children need to gain the insights and social skills necessary to
cultivate healthy, stable relationships. As children mature, they must learn to relate to family
members, teachers, peers and friends. Eventually they must learn to relate to coworkers and many
other types of people such as salespeople, bankers, mechanics and bosses.
Nowhere can appropriate social interaction and relationships be demonstrated more
effectively than in the home. At home you learned — and your children will learn — lessons about
respect, courtesy, love and involvement.
Our modeling as parents plays a key role in passing on a strong social legacy. Key building blocks
of children's social legacy include:
• Respect, beginning with themselves and working out to other people.
• Responsibility, fostered by respect for themselves, that is cultivated by
assigning children duties within the family, making them accountable for their
actions, and giving them room to make wrong choices once in a while.
• Unconditional love and acceptance by their parents, combined with conditional
acceptance when the parents discipline for bad behavior or actions.
• The setting of social boundaries concerning how to relate to God, authority,
peers, the environment and siblings.
• Rules that are given within a loving relationship
Key building blocks of children's social legacy include:
• Respect, beginning with themselves and working out to other people.
• Responsibility, fostered by respect for themselves, that is cultivated by
assigning children duties within the family, making them accountable for their
actions, and giving them room to make wrong choices once in a while.
• Unconditional love and acceptance by their parents, combined with conditional
acceptance when the parents discipline for bad behavior or actions.
• The setting of social boundaries concerning how to relate to God, authority,
peers, the environment and siblings.
• Rules that are given within a loving relationship

The Spiritual Legacy

Parents who successfully pass along a spiritual legacy to their children model and reinforce
the unseen realities of the godly life. We must recognize that passing a spiritual legacy means more
than encouraging our children to attend church, as important as that is. The church is there to
support parents in raising their children but it cannot do the raising; only parents can.
The same principle applies to spiritual matters. Parents are primary in spiritual upbringing,
not secondary. This is especially true when considering that children, particularly young children,
perceive God the way they perceive their parents. If their parents are loving, affirming, forgiving
and yet strong in what they believe, children will think of God that way. He is someone who cares,
who is principled and who loves them above all else.

The Legacy You Want to Give

We all have good and bad parts to the legacy we have inherited. The key is to move forward
from here. For some, taking a closer look at the legacy they've been given helps them assess the
legacy they want to pass on. After considering your past, here are some practical tips for the future:
Decide what you'll keep:
You probably have things you received that are wonderful and need to be kept and passed
on. Other things may need to be thrown out. Or, perhaps you have a weak legacy that needs
strengthening.
Whatever you received, you can now intentionally pass along the good. This isn't always
easy. If you saw hypocrisy in your parents' lives, you may be tempted to throw everything out even
though much of what your parents modeled was good. Don't. That would be like burning down the
house to get rid of some bugs. Realize that there is a being who can redeem even the "bad stuff" in
your legacy. Unfortunately many of us have parts of our legacy that are weak or even awful. Maybe
one of your parents was an alcoholic or abusive or didn't provide the nurturing you needed. In
today's society, the stories of such families are common. You may be asking, "How do I give
something I didn't receive?
Nobody modeled this stuff for me."
Hope is not lost. Consider the story of Josiah from the Old Testament in the Bible. His father
and grandfather were involved in many wicked things, including idol worship that threatened the
entire nation. But after 8-year-old Josiah became king of Judah, he reversed that trend. He sought
God and purged Judah of idols, repaired the temple and saved a nation.
Like Josiah, you can choose which things in your legacy are no good and throw them away.
It's important to break the cycle of hurt by leaving bad things behind and creating a new legacy.
Legacies are not easily broken and always benefit from His guidance.
Chart a new course as you begin a positive legacy for yourself and those you love. Research
suggests that most fathers will parent the way they were parented. That means only a minority of
fathers will change their parenting style — even if their parenting is wrong! Today, you can take
positive steps to design a new heritage for yourself and your family.
GROUP 3-MODULE 11 BUILDING AND MAINTAINING RELATIONSHIPS OBJECTIVES
1. discuss an understanding of teen-age relationships, including the acceptable and unacceptable
expressions of attractions;
2. express his/her ways of showing attraction, love, and commitment; and
3. identify ways to become responsible in a relationship;

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Being in a certain kind of relationship is one of the inevitable things in the world. People indeed find love,
concern, compassion, sympathy of other people essential for them to overcome challenges of life. People
also find it awesome when they show the same feelings they receive from others. One’s involvement to
any kind of relationships definitely adds joy to one’s life. However, it may also bring people to a difficult
situation. Thus, learning the art of committing oneself to other people is as essential as learning to know
oneself.
This lesson aims you to create a more joyful and fruitful relationship with others. You will understand how
to deal with problems that people do encounter in a relationship. You are also expected to have a
successful relationship with others through a better way of communication and interaction with someone
dear to you.

Relationships
Any form of relationship is said to be a two-way traffic. This means that both individuals should learn to
give and take. However, there are different kinds of relationships and each of us has a precise definition
for each form of relationship and absolutely we have our own means of building these relationships and
keep them stronger.
Let us allow ourselves to learn more about our relationships with others by having a concrete definition.
In this lesson you will focus on understanding what indeed is personal relationship. Practically
speaking, personal relationship is the kind of relationship we make with our family, friends and
partners in life or the our significant other. Personal relationship is the close connection between the
people formed by emotional bonds and interaction. https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/what-do-
we-mean-personal-relationships.
People in a relationship shared their experiences and feelings that certainly make the relationship grow.
However, there are cases that these experiences may tend to break the relationship if people involved
failed to triumphantly surpass the tests of their relationships. Thus, people are expected to also take care
of the relationship they were able to establish with their loved ones by knowing the doorway and barrier
of having strong relationship.
Before discussing the components of a strong relationship and common reasons of unsuccessful
relationship let us define the three kinds of personal relationship we get into as an individual.

Family
Family as defined by most books we have read before is composed of people who are connected by what
we call blood relation or ancestry which is composed of couples/parents, children and grandparents.
However, nowadays, people do not really stick to this kind of definition for some varied issues the present
day society have been trying to overcome like separation of couples, death of family member/s, and some
other acceptable reasons.
The real definition of family as one of the kind of personal relationship may vary from one point of view to
another and it is because of how they do interact with themselves. But perhaps, most people may agree
that what comprise family is the love, care, support, compassion and affection each member renders to
one another.
As part of a family who are expected to receive such kind of feelings from one another we barely
understand how a family muddled to an unhealthy relationship that might end to ugly separation of the
couples.
Before we see the tendency of our own family ending into this kind of atmosphere there are elements of
strong relationship that we must learn.
Shady Oak Primary School discusses the four pillars of any relationships which may be very much
applicable to building strong family ties such as mutual respect, time for fun, constant encouragement
and communicated love.

1. Mutual Respect
Lack of respect absolutely brings people to unpleasant environment and pushes people from respecting
one another and themselves too. According to the article adults in the family should also be reminded that
talking in very humiliating way like consistent nagging, scolding, embarrassing may is a form of dispiriting
someone and may lead to losing the reverence of a child to a parent or a spouse to his/her partner.
Establishing mutual respect is easier when one is guided by the virtue of the Golden Rule once uttered by
Jesus of Nazareth explicitly stated in Mathew 7:12 which has direct English Translation “Do unto others
what you would want others to do unto you.” This may simple be interpreted by the famous line “Respect
begets respect”.
This line means a person shall not trespass in his rights or putting someone down when he/she is wrong.
https://ezinearticles.com/?Respect-Begets-Respect&id=501076

2. Time for Fun

Having quality time with your parents or kids may mean learning to love them more. The article
emphasized that it is not the quantity of time that you spend with each of the member of your family that
matters but the quality you spend with them. It is better to have an hour of a heart-warming talk or
making fond memories with your kids that is more valuable than having five hours of arguing with them.
Each member of the family should learn to take serious matters in a separate occasion and spend
precious moment with one another creating good memories together. These memories will serve as their
investment for the future. When time comes that each of them is exhausted by their family issues these
precious moments will work to keep them strong and hold on to one another.

3. Constant Encouragement
Every kid deserves to be trusted first and foremost by their parents/family. Encouragement gives a child a
sense of belongingness and the feeling of being loved. If this what encouragement offer to a child how
would you imagine constant encouragement should give him/her?
A child will definitely grow trusting him/herself based on how you trusted him/her. Positive
encouragement may create positive outlook in life.

4. Communicated Love
Love we felt may certainly start any form of relationship. However, it is not the thing that can keep it. Love
is just a feeling, what really keeps any relationship is the love that is well-communicated.
A tap on a shoulder, a kiss on a cheek, a simple hug may just be some of the common ways to express
parents love to their kids or kids to their parents but these could also be the most genuine and sincerest
way of expressing your love towards one another. The article reminds us all that the effort we have
exerted in building strong family relationship will benefit every member of the family and will help each of
them to be fruitful in all aspects of life.

Friends
A friend is defined by most of us by someone who is not a kin to you but very much happy and willing to be
part of your life.

Similar to your family members your friends are all dear to you. They become one of the special people in
your lives for you both have shared good and bad experiences that you are able to build strong connection
with each other. Just the way you pray hard to keep your strong family connections you also desire to
build strong bond with your friend/s.

Friendship just like any other kind of personal relationship is not static it keeps on growing. Keep it is not
doing a “magic trick”. There are also means to work for good friendship to materialize.
Based on the article entitled: “4 Key Elements of Friendships that Inspire Us” reliability, deep
listening/nonjudgmental presence, optimism and service are what makes up a quality friendship that will
definitely inspire everybody.

1. Reliability
The article explains that maintaining a sense of connection and consistency is essential in creating and
maintaining trust. Trust is the heart of all relationship.
This virtue teaches everyone the value of recognizing someone’s imperfections and thus he/she is ready
to extend him/herself to a friend. This act of kindness will definitely foster a sense of connection, security
and relief.
A hand that is ready to help will definitely make someone feel he/she is well-taken care of by
someone and would not need to worry if he/she messed-up again. This feeling would also develop a
sense of responsibility to do the same thing for somehow it uplifts his/her feeling rather than being
corrected or questioned about his/her failure to do his/her thing appropriately. As this affection
consistently and mutually exists in both parties stronger relationship will start to be developed.
2. Deep Listening or Non-judgmental Presence
Listening is of the key factor that makes communication to prosper. Sincerest way of listening is also a
kind of expressing how genuine you communicate your love and affection to someone special to you like
your friends.
Listening with a high value of integrity is indicates your presence which is non-judgmental and not
discriminatory. The article mentioned that people may have notice that there are people who certainly give
up in a relationship for the reason of having a difficult kind of feeling because of being judged for
whatever they did.
Who among us would like to be in a company of people who do not have the heart to listen and give
chance for us to explain our sides first. Most people would find this situation totally unfair.
If we desire to have a stronger relationship with our friends we should be have the characteristic of a
good listener. Being a good listener also entails to be a good adviser. After sharing your thoughts and
experience to a friend you will definitely love him/her to give his/her intelligent point of view of how
he/she see things and would take the initiative to suggest something or give his/her honest comment for
you to arrive with a possible resort that would somehow ease your anxieties over things.

4. Optimism
Jolly personality is always and obviously appreciated by most of the people. Optimistic point of view is
really captivating and can drive someone be a better person too. Being a better individual means having a
good perspective and that is able to make sound decisions.
Optimism may be a simple virtue that everybody claims to have however, it is not easy to meet people
with this kind of disposition.
Hence, meeting a friend with this kind of personality is surely to nurture anyone’s friendship with others.
Positive atmosphere will a friendship a chance to have a joyful way of living life and cherish the kind of
friendship two or more people have with one another.

Partnerships

Among the three kinds of relationship this kind is more serious, sensitive and complicated. Thus, it also
requires people who are involved in this kind of relationship to have the ability to make a better and
stronger relationship.

Sheridan, Center for Elder Research has enumerated top five elements of romantic relationships as
reported by adults. The study pointed out five elements to make a romantic relationship lasts.

Older adults rated the following as the top five most highly rated elements of successful
romantic relationships. 1. Honesty
2. Communication
3. Companionship
4. Respect
5. Positive Attitude

Meanwhile, younger adults rated the following as the top five most highly rated elements to keep romantic
relationships successful. 1. Love
2. Communication
3. Trust
4. Attraction
5. Compatibility
Honesty is still the best policy for adults. According to the study they define honesty as “able to confide
with one another in a truthful way”

While adult believe that honesty is the most important element in romantic relationship Love as supported
by Communication and Trust is the most essential element for younger adult to keep their relationship
stronger.

No matter what words we use to express the key factors that will make a healthy relationship, do not
forget that it always take two to tango. For a relationship to grow and become successful parties involved
should take their own sets of responsibility. Remember that being and choosing to be part of any
relationship by any circumstance it may be is a commitment. Committing oneself means offering the best
version of yourself while still learning to accept and wait till the other party will be able to do same unto
you.

Understanding the Acceptable and Unacceptable Means of Expressing Attractions Toward The Opposite
Sex
You have well understood the essential qualities to make a good relationship. This time allow yourself to
open your mind to see the difference of acceptable and unacceptable means of expressing attractions
toward the opposite sex. In this way you will also give yourself a chance to unlearn the bad practices you
have in showing how attracted you are to someone.

Filipino society had set norms for awfully unacceptable means of displaying ones attractions to someone
against the practically acceptable ones. Maybe you are asking why is it important to be acquainted and
realize these things.

Filipino culture is bound to the belief that decent display of someone’s feeling is indeed a must to be accepted
by the society. It is big disappointment if someone fails to follow this standard for he/she will be labelled
maleducated by the society or community or his/her parents did not raise him/her well.

Aside from this, Republic of the Philippines had seriously take issues concerning people’s means of
expressing attractions to the opposite sex or gender. One law that purposefully pushes this unlawful acts
of expressions be punished by the Republic Act (RA) 11313 otherwise known as Safe Space Act. This RA
expands the scope of the RA 7877 or Anti-Harassment Act of 1995. This law recognizes that sexual
harassment occurs in work, education, and training environments, and penalizes persons who have
authority, influence and moral ascendancy in such institutions who commit prohibited acts of sexual
harassment. While, Safe Space Act addresses these gaps in our legal framework by recognizing that sexual
harassment can be committed between peers or by a subordinate to a superior, by a student to a teacher
or by a trainee to a trainer. (https://www.pcw.gov.ph/article/safe-spaces-act-irrsigned).

In order to avoid conflict with other people it is rightful and indeed timely for us to discuss some of the
improper way of expressing admiration to our peers or colleagues.

Below are some of the most common unacceptable means of complimenting opposite sex.
1. Cat-Calling as defined by Merriam Webster is the act of shouting harassing and often sexually
suggestive, threatening, or derisive comments at someone publicly.
Instead of doing this, a guy may just formally introduce himself to the woman and express his integrity in
case there is intention of courting the girl. Though, this must take place only if the lady permits the man. If
the lady is a complete stranger and if you find her gorgeously attractive who must learn to pay respect
and wait for the right time that the two of you will be introduced. This case obviously falls to the principle
of “Patience is a Virtue.”
2. Wolf-Whistling, is a distinctive two-note glissando whistled sound made to show high interest in or
approval of something or someone, especially a woman viewed as physically or sexually attractive.
Other may find it as a form of flattery but similar to cat calling it can also be penalized by the law for it is
taken by many as a form of harassment.
3. Leering is defined as looking (especially men) at someone in a sexually interested way
4. Groping in a sexual context, Wikipedia states that groping also called fondling is touching another
person in an unwelcome sexual way. This has gained negative connotation in different societies and this
activity is considered a form of sexual assault by our law which makes it unacceptable.
5. Stalking as defined by the National Center for Crime Victims Stalking is a pattern of behavior that
makes you feel afraid, nervous, harassed, or in danger.

It is when someone repeatedly contacts you, follows you, sends you things, talks to you when you don’t
want them to, or threatens you. Stalking behaviors may include activities like 1. ) Knowing your schedule;
2.) Showing up at places you go; 3. Sending mail, email, and pictures; 4.) Calling or texting repeatedly; 5.)
Contacting you or posting about you on social networking sites; 6.) Writing letters; 7.) Damaging your
property; 8.) Creating a Web site about you; 9. Sending gifts; 10.) Stealing things that belong to you and Any
other actions to contact, harass, track, or frighten you.

Among all these kinds of unacceptable forms of expressing attractions persistent requests for name and
contact details after clear refusal is also included and is also penalized by the law specifically Senate Bill
13266 otherwise known as Safe Streets and Public Spaces Act of 2017.

The said law seeks to penalize the unacceptable forms of expressing attractions mentioned above and
other forms of offensive display of attraction to others. (https://www.rappler.com/nation/213812-senate-
approves-bill-vs-catcalling-street-harassment)

If our culture and laws clearly identify the unacceptable form or expressing attraction the Filipino culture
itself evidently approves some means of expressing admiration between individuals like the following:
1. Pag-agkyat ng Ligaw or Dating
2. Harana
3. Offering Gifts or Bouquet of Flower

Although, these practices are not commonly observed by teenagers nowadays we cannot deny the fact
that these forms of expressing admiration by a man to a lady are still preferred by Filipino Family.

Among the three activities Harana or serenading a woman has evolved into different forms. Before it is
usually done at night before the young lady prepares herself to bed. The gentleman would play a song
with any musical instrument most prominently a guitar and begin singing a love song to intentionally
captivate the heart of the young woman.

Now, this can be done on a stage in a certain public or private place which makes it more fascinating for a
man shows that his confidence courting the special to him.

Having the knowledge of the most common unacceptable and acceptable behaviour of expressing ones
endearment toward someone permits you to gain the respect of the people whose beauty and personality
brings joy to your life.
GROUP 4-MODULE 12 SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENCE
One of the turning point of an adolescent is the challenges in social relationship. Teens started
to feel independent and wanted to detach from parents decisions. They tend to look for new group of
friends, clubs in the school, and social group in the community. These groups reflects the adolescent’s
increasing maturity and responsibility. This would help the teens to improve their social development
and prove that they can be part of social interactions. For some, joining to social group or clubs would
be beneficial because of attaining new skills and also to demonstrate leadership.

In this module you will distinguish the various roles of different individuals in society and how
can you be an influence to people through your leadership or fellowship. You will compare your self-
perception and how others see you, and lastly you will conduct a mini-survey on how Filipino
adolescent establish relationships to their family, school, and community.

Social Relationships in Middle and Late Adolescence

In our previous topic in Chapter Three we learned that when a child reached the middle and late
adolescents they usually find themselves in the company of their peers, usually from the school or the
neighborhood. From high school to college, adolescents mature faster socially, and new lessons are
learned especially on how their social interactions affirm their self-identity, increase their self-esteem,
and develop their capacity to nurture relationships.
(https://www.slideshare.net/RupertGarryTorres/socialrelationship-in-middle-and-late-adolescence)

A teen's peers can be part of the most important social relationships in a teen's life, often contributing
more to his/her development than families do. Strong peer relationships help teens achieve two of their
most critical tasks: finding independence from their parents and developing their own personal identities.
As such, close peer relationships are a normal part of adolescence. Indeed, lack of a strong peer group
can cause concern regarding the full, healthy development in a teen.(
https://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/family/parenting/tweens-teens/important-peers-adolescents.htm)

However, adolescence is also the time when teens begin to select their own friends, school clubs and/or
social group in the community. They considerably spend more time with them, with or without parental
supervision. They begin to share more intimate bonds with their friends, such as sharing of personal
secrets and feelings. While in the social group they can fully express thoughts and ideas. The feeling of
being accepted is important to them.

Social relationship refer to the connections that exist between people who have recurring interactions
that are perceive by the participants to have personal meaning. This definition includes relationships
between family members, friends, neighbors, coworkers, and other associates but excludes social
contacts to be less intimate, with lesser self-disclosure involved, but may still be exclusive, and may
demand certain levels of loyalty as in fraternities or religious organizations, and to a lesser extent,
loosely knitted social clubs like practitioners of certain specialized professions. (August, Kristin J. Rook,
Karen S. Social Relationships.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_59)

The World Health Organization now recognizes social relationships as an important social determinant
of health throughout our lives. Yet, the acknowledgement that social ties can shape our morbidity and
mortality has been at times an uphill struggle. This is because the analysis of the effects of human
relationships on our health sometimes requires either large or unusually complete datasets, and often
analytic techniques that make complicated demands on casual interference. (Pachucki, Ph.D. 2016, The
Importance of Social Relationships over the Life Course)

What Is the Role of the Individual in Society?

According to the writings of philosopher John Locke, the individual gives consent in establishing society,
but the individual has an obligation to obey laws. An individual can only become a member of society if he
gives consent.

In modern society, it is generally believed that the rights of the individual triumph over the community, but
the individual is not entirely free from the group. A person becomes part of the whole, willingly or
unwillingly, by giving up some freedoms to attain safety and foster social bonds. For example, an
individual must obey laws and social norms to be accepted by the community.
According to certain philosophies, such as the social contract, the individual plays a vital role in allowing
society to function. The social contract is an idea that began with Plato but was expanded upon by
British philosopher Thomas Hobbes. His view was that groups give power to elites in exchange for
protection, but it was John Locke who highlighted that the individual voluntarily legitimizes people who
hold authority.

According to Locke's view, humans come from a natural state, where they are free of authority in all
forms. The individual comes from a place of natural freedom to form society and establish governance.
While Locke believed that individuals are obligated to submit to authority, he also maintained that people
had a duty to overthrow the state if it abused its power, an idea that became popular with the founding
fathers of the United States.
https://www.reference.com/world-view/role-individual-society-de1717591b9aad6b

Youth Development & Youth Leadership

Youth development is a process that prepares a young person to meet the challenges of adolescence and
adulthood and achieve his or her full potential. Youth development is promoted through activities and
experiences that help youth develop social, ethical, emotional, physical, and cognitive competencies. Youth
leadership is part of the youth development process and supports the young person in developing: (a) the
ability to analyze his or her own strengths and weaknesses, set personal and vocational goals, and have
the self-esteem, confidence, motivation, and abilities to carry them out (including the ability to establish
support networks in order to fully participate in community life and effect positive social change); and (b)
the ability to guide or direct others on a course of action, influence the opinions and behaviors of others,
and serve as a role model (Wehmeyer, Agran, & Hughes, 1998). Conditions that promote healthy youth
development are supported through programs and activities in schools and communities. Youth
development researchers and practitioners emphasize that effective programs and interventions recognize
youths’ strengths and seek to promote positive development rather than addressing risks in isolation. Youth
who are constructively involved in learning and doing and who are connected to positive adults and peers
are less likely to engage in risky or selfdefeating behaviors. Providing the conditions for positive youth
development is a responsibility shared by families, schools, and communities. The conditions for healthy
youth development reside in families, schools, and communities.

Why should we examine leadership among young adults?

Children of all ages can take leadership roles. However, research concerning leadership development
has focused almost exclusively on adult leadership and there is gap in the literature with regard to how
we should develop young leaders. Historically, organizations such as the Scouts/Girl Guide movement
and sports clubs have provided restricted opportunities for young adults to experience themselves in a
leadership role. School is the first formal organization that the majority of individuals experience. As
noted by Montgomery and Kehoe (2015), school is our primary organizational experience in childhood
and adolescence and it is communicated to children as being their most important organizational
experience throughout childhood. On this basis they suggest that it is reasonable to assume that our
primary learning about organizational culture and organizational roles begins there. Children spend (on
average) a remarkable 12 years (or 15,000 hours) of the most formative years of their lives in school as
an organization (Murphy, 2012). Thus, it’s reasonable to hypothesize that our adult organizational
behaviors are rooted in how we experience school.

Wingenbach and Kahler (1997) suggest that secondary school students have the ability to develop
leadership skills via decisionmaking, getting along with others, learning the organization of self, self-
awareness, and working with groups through taking part in many youth leadership organizations in school
and/or community activities.

Today, promoting and understanding leadership among young people is attracting more attention as the
lines between the ‘teen’ years and young adulthood becomes blurred. Indeed, improved technology and
greater mobility has ‘shortened’ the distance between countries and as a result, leadership is about the
local and the global (Lee & Olszewski-Kubilius, 2014). Not surprisingly, younger adults are taking the lead
with regard to use and adaptation of social media and new technologies.

It is useful to examine leadership during childhood and adolescence as what occurs during the
developmental years can have an impact on the leadership behaviours exhibited later in the workplace
as an adult. Thus, studying adolescent displays of leadership should further our understanding of adult
leaders (Schneider, Paul, White, & Holcombe, 1999). Cooper, Healy, and Simpson (1994) reported that
students who possess leadership positions in student organization achieve better than non-leaders on
scales such as educational participation, career development, involvement in cultural and standard of
living planning.
Adolescence is an important time for leadership growth. Increasing leadership in adolescence can
reinforce self-esteem and be a catalyst for flourishing adulthood. Yet many adolescents are never offered
the chance to act as leaders, and adult leadership models are often inappropriate for teens that have
unique developmental needs (Linden & Fertman, 1998). (https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2017.1292928)