Chemistry Featuring:

Cosmetics
Presented by:
Group 4
What is cosmetics?

• Cosmetics are care substances used to enhance the

appearance or odor of the human body. They are
generally mixtures of chemical compounds, some being
derived from natural sources and many being
synthetics.

• Cosmetics are intended to be applied to the human

body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting
attractiveness, or altering the appearance without
affecting the body's structure or functions.
What is cosmetics?
• Cosmetics include skin-care creams, lotions, powder,
perfume, lipsticks, fingernail and toe nail polish,
eye and facial makeup, permanent waves, colored
contact lens ,hair colors, hair sprays and gels, hand
sanitizer, baby products, bath oils and many other types
of products. A subset of cosmetics is called "make-up,"
which refers primarily to coloring products intended to
alter the user’s appearance.
 SHAMPOO
• a liquid preparation containing detergent or soap for
washing the hair.
SHAMPOO INGREDIENTS
1. Water
• The primary ingredient of all shampoo, typically
making up about 70-80% of the entire formula.
• Deionized water, which is specially treated to remove
various particles and ions, is used in shampoos. The
source of the water can be underground wells, lakes, or
rivers.
2. Detergent
• The second most abundant ingredients also known as
surfactants, are the cleansing ingredients in shampoos
(extracted from coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and soy
bean oil).
• Detergents used are ammonium lauryl sulfate,
sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium lauryl ether
sulfate
3. Foam boosters
• These materials, called alkanolamides, help increase
the amount of foam and the size of the bubbles.
• Typical materials include lauramide DEA or cocamide
DEA. DEA and its derivatives are used in personal-care
products and some detergents to neutralize acids
making them non-irritating.
4. Thickeners
• The alkanolamides that make shampoos foam also
make the formulations thicker. However, other
materials are also used to increase the viscosity.

For example:
• Methylcellulose, derived from plant cellulose, is
included in shampoos to make them thicker.
• Sodium chloride (salt) also can be used to increase
shampoo thickness.
5. Conditioning agents
• Added to shampoos to offset the sometimes harsh
effect of surfactants on hair.

• Typical conditioning agents include polymers,

silicones, and quaternary agents. Each of these
compounds deposit on the surface of the hair and
improve its feel, sofiness, and ability to comb, while
reducing static charge.
5. Conditioning agents
Examples of conditioning agents include:
• guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (polymer)
• dimethicone (silicone)
• quatemium 80 (quaternary agent)
6. Preservatives

• Prevents bacterial growth and other microbes.

• Two of the most common preservatives used in

shampoos are DMDM hydantoin and methylparaben.
7. Modifiers

• Ingredients are added to shampoo formulas to modify

specific characteristics.

• Opacifiers - added to make the formula opaque and

give it a pearly look.
• Sequestering agents - added to offset the dulling
effects of hard water.
• Acids or bases - citric acid or sodium hydroxide are
added to adjust the pH of a shampoo so the detergents
will provide optimal cleaning.
8. Special Additives

• fragrance oils and governmentally approved and

certified FD&C dyes.

• botanical extracts, natural oils, proteins, and

vitamins all impart special qualities and help sell
shampoos.

• zinc pyrithione are included to address the problem of

dandruff
 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
FACTORS
• Excellent clean function:no matter what
composition of shampoo, it should be good at
removing excess oil, dirt and skin debries from hair
• Good conditioning:make hair easy manageable
• Mild detergency: possess rich foaming action and
rinse out easily but less irritation to eye and scalp
• Adequately preserved: let hair has god gloss etc.
• Aesthetically appealing: beautiful color and smell
 BLUSH MAKEUP
History
• Ancient Greek and Roman women were known
to apply naturally occurring red
pigments such as ocher, fucus, cinnabar,
henna, safflower red, or cochineal as a
type of rouge (red coloration) on their
cheeks.
• Early European women used Brazilian
redwood directly after access was gained
to Western hemisphere resources, and red
lead was also used until the early
1920s.
 BLUSH MAKEUP
History
• Although early rouges were
ointments, modern manufacturing
allowed the blusher to be marketed
in many ig including liquid
suspensions, emulsified creams and
lotions, water-free creams,and
hydrous and anhydrous gels.
• Currently, the pressed powder is the
blusher marketing style choice
because of its desirable matte
finish after application and long-
lasting wear potential.
 BLUSH MAKEUP
 Major components of the pressed powder blusher
• include the powder phase and binder
(or oil) phase.
 BLUSH MAKEUP
Components of the Powder Phase
• mineral powder fillers such as talc
(a magnesium silicate)
• mica (a magnesium aluminum
silicate)
• sericite (a form of hydrated mica)
• kaolin (known as China clay).
 BLUSH MAKEUP
Components of the Powder Phase
• Tale is the most popular of all
fillers used, as it tends to be
virtually transparent depending on
the particle size,and it is very soft
to the touch.
• Mica is also used extensively as a
result of its transparency and smooth
texture, it often exhibits a shiny
appearance with skin application and
has poor compression characteristics
when used in a pressed powder.
 BLUSH MAKEUP
Components of the Powder Phase
• Modern non-oil control formulations
rarely contain kaolin, as it tends to
exhibit course texture, an extremely
matte appearance, and excessive oil-
absorption capabilities.
• Dry binders are also used to allow
the compressed powder to retain form;
these include metallic soaps such as
zinc stearate and magnesium stearate
and polymeric materials such as
polyethylene.
 BLUSH MAKEUP
Components of the Powder Phase

• Also included in the dry powder phase of

the blusher are colorants, including
carmine, titanium dioxide, iron oxides,
chromium oxide greens, ultramarines,
manganese violet, and yellow and red lake
colors.
• Other types of chemicals included in
blushers are spherical materials that
provide a smooth texture for the product
and allow for the optical effect of “soft
focus” after application, such as silica,
nylon, and polymethyl methacrylate.
 BLUSH MAKEUP
Components of the Binder Phase

• The oil phase or binder of the

pressed powder blusher product
consists typically of oils (e.g.,
sunflower oil,coconut oil, castor
oil, mineral oil)
• esters (e.g, sorbitan ester)
• and/or waxes that provide a creamy
texture (e.g, beeswax, candelilla
wax, lanolin, camauba wax)
 BLUSH MAKEUP
Components of the Binder Phase

• In addition, ingredients such as

vitamins (e.g., tocopheryl acetate,
tocopherol [vitamin E}, retinyl
palmitate,ascorbyl palminate, panthenol)
• herbal extracts (e.g. comfrey root,
rosemary, Aloe barbadensis)
• and preservatives (e.g, methylparaben,
Propylparaben, butylparaben,
imidazolidinyl urca) may also be added