Science, Technology and Society: A Learning Resource Pack For FLEXIBLE LEARNING A.Y. 2021-2022

SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY
AND SOCIETY
A LEARNING RESOURCE PACK FOR
FLEXIBLE LEARNING A.Y. 2021-2022

FRANCES KAREN F. MORENO, LPT

INSTRUCTOR I
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
TARLAC AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
EMAIL: [email protected]
Page | 1 -FKFMORENO-
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
COURSE OUTLINE
Topic
Unit I: General Concepts and Historical Developments
Lesson 1: Introduction to Science, Technology and Society
Lesson 2: Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology
Lesson 3: Intellectual Revolutions and Society

Lesson 4: Science, Technology and Nation Building
Unit II. Science, Technology Society and the Human Condition
Lesson 5: Technology as a Way of Revealing
Lesson 6: Human Flourishing in Progress and De-Development
Lesson 7: The Good Life
Lesson 8: When Technology and Humanity Cross
Lesson 9: Why the Future Does Not Need Us?
Unit III. Specific Issues in Science, Technology and Society
Lesson 10: Information Age
Lesson 11: Biodiversity and a Healthy Society
Lesson 12: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and Gene Therapy
Lesson 13: The Nanoworld
Lesson 14: Climate Change and the Energy Crises
Lesson 15: Environmental Awareness
UNIT I: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Lesson 4: Science, Technology and Nation Building
General Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a) Discuss the role of science and technology in nation building;
b) Identify the contributions made by the different colonial periods in the Philippines for
the enhancement of science and technology; and
c) Be aware of the current and present programs and achievements of the different
Philippine administrations in terms of uplifting the state of science and technology in our
country.
PRE – COLONIAL PERIOD

Science and technology in the Philippines already begun during the Pre- colonial time as
evidenced by the following scenario:
• People using herbal medicine to treat various diseases;
• The use of writing, numeral measurements and calendar systems to facilitate

commercialization and trade;
• Skills on farming, mining and weaving were evident and were used as a source of
livelihood; and
• Architectural skills were also manifested by building famous architectural designs
like the Banaue Rice Terraces in Ifugao, Mountain Province.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

• Described as the era where the modernization of science and technology begun.
• Establishment of the Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos del Pais de Filipinas
(Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Philippines) by Gov. Gen. Jose Basco y
Vargas that functioned like a modern national research council. The following where the
accomplishments made by the organization:
➢ Provided funds which were used to provide incentives for successful
experiments and inventions for the improvement of agriculture and other
industries;
➢ Funded the publication of scientific literature, trips of Filipino scientists from
Spain to the Philippines; and
➢ Provided foreign and local scholarships for Filipinos.
• Offices and commissions were also established by the Spanish government to undertake
studies and regulations on various areas such as mines, Philippine flora, agriculture,
geology and chemical analysis of mineral waters.
• Jesuit priests founded the Manila Observatory (1865) at the Ateneo de Manila University
which prompted the start of meteorological studies in the Philippines. Later on, the said
institution was renamed as Philippine Weather Bureau by the American Colonial
government.
• The introduction of formal schooling is the biggest contribution of the Spanish colonial
government to the Filipinos. The University of Sto. Tomas, the oldest Catholic University
in our country, was founded by Miguel de Benavides in 1611.
• The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 allowed Filipinos to participate in trade and
become wealthy. Thus, enabling them to send their children abroad to study. These
wealthy children are known as the Illustrados.
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

• The development of science and technology was sustained during the American
Colonial Period through the establishment of government research institutions:
➢ Bureau of Government Laboratories or the Bureau of Science (1905)
which dealt with the study of diseases such as leprosy, tuberculosis,
cholera and malaria. It also handles studies on economic value of tropical
products, nutritional value of foods and testing of Philippine minerals.
➢ Bureau of Health (1898)
➢ Bureau of Mines (1900)
➢ Bureau of Forestry (1900)
➢ Weather Bureau (1901)
➢ Bureau of Public Works (1901)
➢ Bureau of Agriculture (1901)
➢ Bureau of Coast ad Geodetic Survey (1905)
➢ Bureau of Plant Industry (1929)
➢ Bureau of Animal Industry (1929)
➢ National Education Institution: led the foundation of he University of the
Philippines (UP) in 1908. The College of Agriculture, School of Forestry,
School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Tropical Medicine and
Public Health were among the first colleges to be organized in UP.
➢ National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP): found in 1933, this
institution actively involved in the promotion of scientific researches in
the country.
Science and Technology in the Philippines Under Contemporary Administrators

This section narrates the different science and technological innovations, programs, laws
and other highlights that occurred during the different administrations of the Philippines in
support to scientific and technological advancements.
Ferdinand Marcos
• His administration mandated the Department of Education and Culture now known as
the Department of Education (DepEd) to promote science courses in public high
schools. - Establishment of the Philippines Science Community now known as the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
• Sponsorship of seminars, workshops, training programs and scholarships in fisheries
and oceanography
• The establishment of the Philippine Coconut Research institute that is tasked to
promote modernization of the coconut industry
• Other agencies established:
➢ Philippine Textile Research Institute

➢ Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (now Philippine Nuclear Institute)
➢ National Grains Authority (now National Food Authority)
➢ Philippine Council for Agricultural Research (now Philippine Council for
Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development)
➢ Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA)
➢ Philippine National Oil Company
➢ Plant Breeding Institute
➢ International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
➢ Bureau of Plant Industry
➢ Bureau of Forest Products
➢ National Committee on Geological Sciences
➢ National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA)
Corazon Aquino
• The NSTA was renamed DOST (Department of Science and Technology) during her
administration.
• The Science and Technology Master Plan: authored by the DOST was enacted to update
the production sector, improve research activities and to develop infrastructures for the
science and technology sector.
Fidel Ramos
• Doctor to the Barrios: a program that made health care accessible even in far- flung areas
of the country.
• National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in Science and Technology: created for
high school students who wanted to major in science and engineering in college
• RA 8439: Magna Carta for Scientist Engineers, Researchers and Technology Personnel
in Government
• RA 7687: Science and Technology Scholarship Act of 1994
• RA 7459: Inventors and Inventions Incentive Act
• RA 8293: The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines
Joseph Estrada
• Mandated the Clean Air Act of 1999 and the RA 8792 also known as the Electronic
Commerce Act of 2000
• Implementation of cost - effective irrigation technologies to farmers and provision of
health services for those who cannot afford it (Erap Para Sa Mahirap)
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
• Filipinnovation: coined to refer to the Philippines as an innovation hub in Asia

• RA 9367: Biofuels Acts that aims to utilize indigenous materials as energy source
• RA 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization (AFMech) Law that aims to
modernize the agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment in the Philippines
Benigno Aquino III
• Awarded several personalities as National Scientists:

➢ Gavino Trono - marine biology expert
➢ Angel C. Alcala - biological science expert
➢ Ramon C. Barba - for horticulture expert
➢ Edgardo D. Gomez - marine biology expert
Rodrigo Duterte
• Increased budget for research and development (6x bigger compared to former
administrations)
• Programs on commercialization of products is the main focus of DOST under this
administration
• Philippine Space Technology Program which launched Diwata - 2 in 2018 after the
launched of Diwata - 1 in 2016 that displayed the Philippine flag into space.
• Programs of disaster preparedness and importance of agriculture are also prioritize under
this administration
-End-
References:
Books:
Casas, J.M.A, P. M. Jusayan, A. V. Menor and S. P. Obanan. 2020. Science, Technology
and Society. C&E Publishing, Inc., 839 EDSA, south Triangle, Quezon City
Quinto, E.J.M. and A. D. Nieva. 2019. Science, Technology and Society: Outcome-
Based Module C&E Publishing, Inc., 839 EDSA, south Triangle, Quezon City Images:
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SCIENCE,

FRANCES KAREN F. MORENO, LPT

Unit I: General Concepts and Historical Developments

Lesson 1: Introduction to Science, Technology and Society

Lesson 2: Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology

Lesson 3: Intellectual Revolutions and Society

Unit II. Science, Technology Society and the Human Condition

Lesson 5: Technology as a Way of Revealing

Lesson 6: Human Flourishing in Progress and De-Development

Lesson 7: The Good Life

Lesson 8: When Technology and Humanity Cross

Lesson 9: Why the Future Does Not Need Us?

Unit III. Specific Issues in Science, Technology and Society

Lesson 10: Information Age

Lesson 11: Biodiversity and a Healthy Society

Lesson 12: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and Gene Therapy

Lesson 13: The Nanoworld

Lesson 14: Climate Change and the Energy Crises

Lesson 15: Environmental Awareness

PRE – COLONIAL PERIOD

• People using herbal medicine to treat various diseases;

• The use of writing, numeral measurements and calendar systems to facilitate

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

Science and Technology in the Philippines Under Contemporary Administrators

➢ Philippine Textile Research Institute

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

• Filipinnovation: coined to refer to the Philippines as an innovation hub in Asia

Benigno Aquino III

• Awarded several personalities as National Scientists:

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